Table A1. Summary of World Output1

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Output: Summary Table A1. Summary of World Output 1 (Annual percent change) 1991 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014 World 3.1 2.2 2.8 3.6 4.9 4.5 5.1 5.2 3.2 1.3 1.9 4.8 Advanced economies 2.8 1.2 1.6 1.9 3.2 2.6 3.0 2.7 0.9 3.8 0.0 2.6 United States 3.3 0.8 1.6 2.5 3.6 2.9 2.8 2.0 1.1 2.8 0.0 2.4 Euro area... 1.9 0.9 0.8 2.2 1.7 2.9 2.7 0.9 4.2 0.4 2.3 Japan 1.3 0.2 0.3 1.4 2.7 1.9 2.0 2.4 0.6 6.2 0.5 2.5 Other advanced economies 2 3.5 1.8 3.2 2.5 4.0 3.3 3.9 4.0 1.2 3.9 0.4 3.5 Emerging and developing economies 3.6 3.8 4.8 6.3 7.5 7.1 8.0 8.3 6.1 1.6 4.0 6.8 Regional groups Africa 2.4 4.9 6.5 5.5 6.7 5.8 6.1 6.2 5.2 2.0 3.9 5.4 Central and eastern Europe 2.0 0.0 4.4 4.9 7.3 6.0 6.6 5.4 2.9 3.7 0.8 4.0 Commonwealth of Independent States 3... 6.1 5.2 7.8 8.2 6.7 8.4 8.6 5.5 5.1 1.2 5.3 Developing Asia 7.4 5.8 6.9 8.2 8.6 9.0 9.8 10.6 7.7 4.8 6.1 8.8 Middle East 4.0 2.6 3.8 7.0 6.0 5.8 5.7 6.3 5.9 2.5 3.5 4.5 Western Hemisphere 3.3 0.7 0.6 2.2 6.0 4.7 5.7 5.7 4.2 1.5 1.6 4.3 European Union 2.2 2.1 1.4 1.5 2.6 2.2 3.4 3.1 1.1 4.0 0.3 2.6 Analytical groups By source of export earnings Fuel 0.1 4.4 4.8 7.1 7.9 6.9 7.2 7.5 5.6 1.4 2.3 4.5 Nonfuel 4.7 3.6 4.8 6.1 7.4 7.2 8.1 8.5 6.2 2.3 4.4 7.3 of which, primary products 3.6 3.8 3.2 4.4 6.1 5.7 5.5 5.7 4.9 2.3 4.1 5.4 By external financing source Net debtor countries 3.5 2.1 3.2 4.5 6.4 6.0 6.8 6.5 4.9 0.4 2.8 5.7 of which, official financing 4.2 5.0 4.8 4.6 6.3 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.2 3.6 4.3 6.4 Net debtor countries by debtservicing experience Countries with arrears and/or rescheduling during 2003 07 3.0 1.7 0.5 6.0 7.6 7.7 7.4 7.3 6.3 0.9 2.6 5.1 Median growth rate Advanced economies 3.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 3.8 2.9 3.4 3.6 1.1 3.8 0.2 2.8 Emerging and developing economies 3.4 3.6 4.0 5.0 5.5 5.6 6.2 6.3 5.0 1.9 2.9 5.0 Output per capita Advanced economies 2.1 0.6 1.0 1.3 2.6 1.9 2.4 2.0 0.3 4.4 0.6 2.0 Emerging and developing economies 2.0 2.4 3.4 4.9 6.1 5.8 6.6 7.1 4.8 0.3 2.5 5.3 World growth based on market exchange rates 2.5 1.5 1.9 2.7 4.0 3.4 3.9 3.8 2.1 2.5 1.0 3.9 Value of world output in billions of U.S. dollars At market exchange rates 28,297 31,707 32,988 37,087 41,728 45,090 48,761 54,841 60,690 54,864 55,921 70,601 At purchasing power parities 33,443 43,711 45,693 48,310 52,074 56,017 60,716 65,490 68,997 68,651 70,211 89,356 1 Real GDP. 2 In this table, other advanced economies means advanced economies excluding the United States, euro area countries, and Japan. 3 Mongolia, which is not a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States, is included in this group for reasons of geography and similarities in economic structure. 189

Statistical appendix Table A2. Advanced Economies: Real GDP and Total Domestic Demand 1 (Annual percent change) Real GDP Fourth Quarter 2 1991 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014 2008 2009 2010 Advanced economies 2.8 1.2 1.6 1.9 3.2 2.6 3.0 2.7 0.9 3.8 0.0 2.6 1.7 2.6 1.0 United States 3.3 0.8 1.6 2.5 3.6 2.9 2.8 2.0 1.1 2.8 0.0 2.4 0.8 2.2 1.5 Euro area... 1.9 0.9 0.8 2.2 1.7 2.9 2.7 0.9 4.2 0.4 2.3 1.4 3.5 0.6 Germany 2.1 1.2 0.0 0.2 1.2 0.8 3.0 2.5 1.3 5.6 1.0 2.2 1.7 4.4 0.0 France 2.0 1.8 1.1 1.1 2.2 1.9 2.4 2.1 0.7 3.0 0.4 2.3 1.0 2.2 1.4 Italy 1.6 1.8 0.5 0.0 1.5 0.7 2.0 1.6 1.0 4.4 0.4 1.9 2.9 2.9 0.2 Spain 2.9 3.6 2.7 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.9 3.7 1.2 3.0 0.7 2.0 0.7 2.9 0.2 Netherlands 3.1 1.9 0.1 0.3 2.2 2.0 3.4 3.5 2.0 4.8 0.7 2.5 0.7 4.7 0.3 Belgium 2.3 0.8 1.5 1.0 2.8 2.2 3.0 2.6 1.1 3.8 0.3 2.4 0.8 3.0 1.2 Greece 2.3 4.2 3.4 5.6 4.9 2.9 4.5 4.0 2.9 0.2 0.6 2.5 2.4 2.2 1.4 Austria 2.4 0.5 1.6 0.8 2.5 2.9 3.4 3.1 1.8 3.0 0.2 2.3 0.5 3.4 2.3 Portugal 3.0 2.0 0.8 0.8 1.5 0.9 1.4 1.9 0.0 4.1 0.5 1.5 1.8 4.1 2.4 Finland 2.0 2.7 1.6 1.8 3.7 2.8 4.9 4.2 0.9 5.2 1.2 3.5 1.8 5.6 0.6 Ireland 7.1 5.8 6.4 4.5 4.7 6.4 5.7 6.0 2.3 8.0 3.0 2.6 7.4 4.8 2.0 Slovak Republic 0.0 3.4 4.8 4.7 5.2 6.5 8.5 10.4 6.4 2.1 1.9 4.2 2.4 6.1 5.9 Slovenia... 2.8 4.0 2.8 4.3 4.3 5.9 6.8 3.5 2.7 1.4 3.5 0.9 0.4 1.5 Luxembourg 5.0 2.5 4.1 1.5 4.5 5.2 6.4 5.2 0.7 4.8 0.2 2.9 0.9 2.6 1.7 Cyprus 4.2 4.0 2.1 1.9 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.4 3.7 0.3 2.1 3.3 3.1 0.7 5.0 Malta 4.4 1.6 2.6 0.3 1.3 3.7 3.2 3.6 1.6 1.5 1.1 3.0 1.2 0.8 2.0 Japan 1.3 0.2 0.3 1.4 2.7 1.9 2.0 2.4 0.6 6.2 0.5 2.5 4.3 2.7 0.6 United Kingdom 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.8 2.8 2.1 2.8 3.0 0.7 4.1 0.4 2.8 2.0 3.2 0.6 Canada 2.9 1.8 2.9 1.9 3.1 2.9 3.1 2.7 0.5 2.5 1.2 2.5 0.7 1.9 1.7 Korea 6.1 4.0 7.2 2.8 4.6 4.0 5.2 5.1 2.2 4.0 1.5 4.5 3.4 0.0 2.4 Australia 3.4 2.1 4.3 3.0 3.8 2.8 2.8 4.0 2.1 1.4 0.6 3.0 0.3 1.1 1.1 Taiwan Province of China 6.5 2.2 4.6 3.5 6.2 4.2 4.8 5.7 0.1 7.5 0.0 5.0 8.4 1.6 1.0 Sweden 2.1 1.1 2.4 1.9 4.1 3.3 4.2 2.6 0.2 4.3 0.2 4.2 4.4 2.5 1.8 Switzerland 1.1 1.2 0.4 0.2 2.5 2.5 3.4 3.3 1.6 3.0 0.3 1.5 0.1 3.7 1.2 Hong Kong SAR 3.9 0.5 1.8 3.0 8.5 7.1 7.0 6.4 2.5 4.5 0.5 5.0 2.5 3.3 3.2 Czech Republic 0.2 2.5 1.9 3.6 4.5 6.3 6.8 6.0 3.2 3.5 0.1 4.0 0.5 2.3 0.9 Norway 3.7 2.0 1.5 1.0 3.9 2.7 2.3 3.1 2.0 1.7 0.3 1.7 0.8 3.0 1.7 Singapore 7.6 2.4 4.1 3.8 9.3 7.3 8.4 7.8 1.1 10.0 0.1 5.4 4.0 6.9 1.9 Denmark 2.6 0.7 0.5 0.4 2.3 2.4 3.3 1.6 1.1 4.0 0.4 2.2 3.8 2.7 2.4 Israel 5.7 0.3 0.6 1.8 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.3 4.1 1.9 2.2 0.3 New Zealand 2.9 2.6 4.9 4.1 4.5 2.8 1.9 3.2 0.3 2.0 0.5 3.2 1.9 1.1 1.1 Iceland 2.5 3.9 0.1 2.4 7.7 7.4 4.5 5.5 0.3 10.6 0.2 3.8 1.5 14.5 8.4 Major advanced economies 2.5 1.0 1.2 1.8 2.9 2.3 2.6 2.2 0.6 3.8 0.0 2.4 1.7 2.6 0.9 Newly industrialized Asian economies 6.1 1.2 5.6 3.1 5.9 4.7 5.6 5.7 1.5 5.6 0.8 4.8 4.8 1.5 2.0 Real total domestic demand Advanced economies 2.8 1.2 1.7 2.1 3.3 2.6 2.8 2.3 0.4 3.3 0.0 2.4 1.6 2.4 0.8 United States 3.6 0.9 2.2 2.8 4.1 3.0 2.6 1.4 0.3 3.3 0.2 2.2 1.9 2.3 1.6 Euro area... 1.3 0.4 1.4 1.9 1.9 2.8 2.4 0.9 2.9 0.6 1.9 0.1 3.2 0.6 Germany 2.0 0.5 2.0 0.6 0.1 0.0 2.1 1.1 1.7 3.0 1.6 1.7 2.0 4.3 0.3 France 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.7 3.2 2.7 2.6 3.0 1.0 2.0 0.6 1.9 0.1 1.6 1.4 Italy 1.4 1.6 1.3 0.8 1.3 0.9 2.0 1.4 1.7 3.3 0.0 1.7 2.4 2.2 0.6 Spain 2.8 3.8 3.2 3.8 4.8 5.1 5.1 4.2 0.2 6.3 1.7 1.8 2.8 5.5 0.6 Japan 1.2 1.0 0.4 0.8 1.9 1.7 1.2 1.3 0.8 2.9 0.5 2.4 1.6 1.5 0.8 United Kingdom 2.6 3.0 3.2 2.9 3.4 1.9 2.6 3.5 0.6 4.8 1.0 2.7 2.9 3.6 0.0 Canada 2.4 1.2 3.2 4.6 4.2 4.8 4.7 4.3 2.4 3.2 1.3 2.2 1.0 2.2 1.6 Other advanced economies 4.0 0.6 4.1 1.8 4.7 3.4 3.9 4.5 1.7 3.6 0.6 3.8 3.2 1.1 1.0 Major advanced economies 2.6 1.1 1.3 2.1 3.1 2.3 2.4 1.7 0.0 3.2 0.0 2.2 1.4 2.4 0.9 Newly industrialized Asian economies 5.7 0.1 4.9 0.7 4.9 2.9 4.2 4.5 1.7 5.4 0.7 4.2 4.8 1.4 1.4 1 When countries are not listed alphabetically, they are ordered on the basis of economic size. 2 From the fourth quarter of the preceding year. 190

Output: ADVANCED ECONOMIES Table A3. Advanced Economies: Components of Real GDP (Annual percent change) Private consumer expenditure Ten-Year s 1991 2000 2001 10 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Advanced economies 2.9 1.6 2.4 2.3 1.9 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.5 0.6 1.4 0.3 United States 3.5 2.1 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.6 3.0 3.0 2.8 0.2 0.9 1.0 Euro area... 1.0 2.0 0.9 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.6 0.5 1.3 0.5 Germany 2.3 0.1 1.9 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.4 0.1 1.1 1.8 France 1.7 1.8 2.6 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 1.3 0.4 0.4 Italy 1.7 0.3 0.7 0.2 1.0 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.9 0.1 Spain 2.7 2.2 3.4 2.8 2.9 4.2 4.2 3.9 3.5 0.1 3.1 0.1 Japan 1.6 0.8 1.6 1.1 0.4 1.6 1.3 1.5 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.3 United Kingdom 2.8 1.5 3.1 3.5 3.0 2.9 1.9 2.1 3.1 1.4 3.8 1.5 Canada 2.4 2.6 2.3 3.6 3.0 3.3 3.7 4.3 4.5 3.0 2.3 0.7 Other advanced economies 4.1 2.3 2.8 4.0 1.5 3.6 3.5 3.7 4.4 1.2 2.1 0.5 Major advanced economies 2.7 1.5 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.1 0.5 1.2 0.3 Newly industrialized Asian economies 5.8 2.3 3.7 5.6 0.1 2.7 3.9 4.0 4.7 0.8 3.1 0.6 Public consumption Advanced economies 1.8 2.1 2.8 3.3 2.4 1.8 1.2 1.8 2.2 2.4 2.6 0.4 United States 1.0 1.8 3.1 4.3 2.5 1.5 0.3 1.6 1.9 2.8 2.4 2.5 Euro area... 2.0 2.1 2.4 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.9 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.1 Germany 1.7 1.4 0.5 1.5 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.6 2.2 2.0 3.1 4.0 France 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.9 2.0 2.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.7 Italy 0.2 1.6 3.9 2.4 1.9 2.2 1.9 0.5 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.9 Spain 3.2 4.4 3.9 4.5 4.8 6.3 5.5 4.6 4.9 5.3 4.4 0.5 Japan 3.1 1.8 3.0 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.6 0.4 2.0 0.9 2.3 1.3 United Kingdom 1.3 2.5 2.4 3.4 3.5 3.4 1.7 1.6 1.5 3.4 2.7 1.6 Canada 0.8 2.9 3.9 2.5 3.1 2.0 1.5 3.8 3.7 3.4 2.1 2.6 Other advanced economies 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.5 2.5 1.7 2.3 2.9 2.6 2.8 4.4 2.8 Major advanced economies 1.5 1.8 2.7 3.2 2.3 1.6 0.9 1.3 1.9 2.3 2.3 0.2 Newly industrialized Asian economies 4.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 2.7 1.9 2.7 3.8 3.5 3.4 6.7 4.1 Gross fixed capital formation Advanced economies 3.6 0.3 0.7 1.5 2.1 4.5 4.5 3.8 2.0 1.8 12.5 2.6 United States 5.7 1.3 1.7 3.5 3.2 6.1 5.8 2.0 2.0 3.5 14.5 3.1 Euro area... 0.1 0.6 1.4 1.3 2.3 3.3 5.5 4.3 0.7 11.2 3.7 Germany 2.2 1.3 3.7 6.1 0.3 0.3 1.1 7.7 4.3 4.4 12.6 6.3 France 1.7 1.4 2.3 1.6 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.1 5.0 0.5 5.1 1.4 Italy 1.3 0.7 2.7 3.7 1.2 2.3 0.8 2.9 2.0 3.0 14.9 0.9 Spain 3.3 0.6 4.8 3.4 5.9 5.1 7.0 7.1 5.3 3.0 19.1 7.3 Japan 0.7 1.6 0.9 4.9 0.5 1.4 3.1 0.5 1.1 4.6 10.7 0.6 United Kingdom 2.8 0.5 2.6 3.6 1.1 4.9 2.2 6.0 6.8 3.1 11.4 6.2 Canada 2.8 3.3 4.0 1.6 6.2 7.8 9.2 7.1 3.9 0.8 8.0 1.3 Other advanced economies 4.8 1.2 3.8 4.0 2.8 7.2 4.3 5.7 6.4 0.3 12.3 0.9 Major advanced economies 3.4 0.8 0.6 2.6 1.9 4.3 4.4 3.1 0.8 2.3 12.6 2.7 Newly industrialized Asian economies 6.5 0.7 5.7 2.4 2.5 7.8 1.8 4.0 4.9 2.7 17.9 1.1 191

Statistical appendix Table A3 (concluded) Final domestic demand Ten-Year s 1991 2000 2001 10 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Advanced economies 2.8 1.3 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.3 0.4 2.9 0.2 United States 3.5 1.5 1.8 1.8 2.8 3.8 3.1 2.6 1.8 0.0 2.7 0.2 Euro area... 1.0 1.7 0.7 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.7 2.3 0.8 2.8 0.6 Germany 2.1 0.0 0.4 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.4 2.2 1.1 1.4 2.8 1.5 France 1.7 1.7 2.2 1.4 2.0 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 1.2 0.9 0.4 Italy 1.3 0.4 1.7 1.3 0.7 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.0 4.0 0.0 Spain 2.9 2.2 3.9 3.2 4.0 4.8 5.2 4.9 4.2 0.1 6.2 1.7 Japan 1.2 0.4 1.2 0.2 0.5 1.6 1.9 1.1 1.1 0.6 2.6 0.5 United Kingdom 2.5 1.6 2.9 3.5 2.8 3.3 1.9 2.6 3.4 1.0 3.8 1.6 Canada 2.2 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.7 3.9 4.4 4.8 4.2 2.5 2.8 1.2 Other advanced economies 4.1 2.0 1.0 4.2 2.0 4.0 3.5 3.8 4.5 1.2 4.0 0.4 Major advanced economies 2.6 1.2 1.7 1.3 2.0 2.8 2.5 2.4 1.9 0.2 2.7 0.2 Newly industrialized Asian economies 5.9 1.6 1.0 5.2 1.4 3.6 3.2 3.8 4.4 0.3 6.3 0.5 Stock building 1 Advanced economies 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.2 United States 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.4 Euro area... 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 Germany 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 France 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.3 Italy 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.0 Spain 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 Japan 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.0 United Kingdom 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 1.0 0.6 Canada 0.2 0.1 1.7 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 Other advanced economies 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 Major advanced economies 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.3 Newly industrialized Asian economies 0.0 0.1 0.9 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.0 0.0 Foreign balance 1 Advanced economies 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.0 United States 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.6 1.3 0.7 0.2 Euro area... 0.0 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.9 0.1 Germany 0.0 0.5 1.7 2.0 0.8 1.4 0.7 1.0 1.4 0.3 2.9 0.5 France 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.9 0.2 Italy 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.4 Spain 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 0.8 1.0 3.7 1.0 Japan 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.8 1.1 0.1 3.6 0.0 United Kingdom 0.0 0.1 0.5 1.1 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.9 0.6 Canada 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.1 2.5 0.9 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.9 0.4 0.1 Other advanced economies 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.2 Major advanced economies 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.1 Newly industrialized Asian economies 0.4 1.1 1.3 0.6 2.2 1.2 1.6 1.6 2.0 0.3 0.1 0.4 1 Changes expressed as percent of GDP in the preceding period. 192

Output: EMERGING AND DEVELOPING ECONOMIES Table A4. Emerging and Developing Economies, by Country: Real GDP 1 (Annual percent change) 1991 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014 Africa 2.4 4.9 6.5 5.5 6.7 5.8 6.1 6.2 5.2 2.0 3.9 5.4 Algeria 1.6 2.7 4.7 6.9 5.2 5.1 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.1 3.9 4.3 Angola 1.3 3.1 14.5 3.3 11.2 20.6 18.6 20.3 14.8 3.6 9.3 6.1 Benin 4.5 6.2 4.4 4.0 3.0 2.9 3.8 4.6 5.0 3.8 3.0 6.0 Botswana 6.4 3.5 9.0 6.3 6.0 1.6 5.1 4.4 2.9 10.4 14.3 3.5 Burkina Faso 5.3 6.6 4.7 7.3 4.6 7.1 5.5 3.6 5.0 3.5 4.1 6.0 Burundi 1.7 2.1 4.4 1.2 4.8 0.9 5.1 3.6 4.5 3.5 3.8 5.0 Cameroon 2 1.4 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.7 2.3 3.2 3.5 3.4 2.4 2.6 4.7 Cape Verde 6.8 6.1 5.3 4.7 4.3 6.5 10.8 7.8 5.9 2.5 3.0 6.4 Central African Republic 1.0 0.6 0.6 7.1 1.0 2.4 3.8 3.7 2.2 2.4 3.1 5.1 Chad 2.8 11.7 8.5 14.7 33.6 7.9 0.2 0.2 0.4 2.8 2.5 1.8 Comoros 1.1 3.3 4.1 2.5 0.2 4.2 1.2 0.5 1.0 0.8 1.5 4.0 Congo, Dem. Rep. of 5.6 2.1 3.5 5.8 6.6 7.9 5.6 6.3 6.2 2.7 5.5 7.5 Congo, Rep. of 1.4 3.8 4.6 0.8 3.5 7.8 6.2 1.6 5.6 9.5 11.9 2.8 Côte d Ivoire 3.1 0.0 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.9 0.7 1.6 2.3 3.7 4.2 6.0 Djibouti 1.7 2.0 2.6 3.2 3.0 3.2 4.8 5.1 5.8 5.1 5.4 7.1 Equatorial Guinea 31.6 63.4 19.5 14.0 38.0 9.7 1.3 21.4 11.3 5.4 2.8 1.9 Eritrea... 8.8 3.0 2.7 1.5 2.6 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.1 4.7 3.1 Ethiopia 2.9 7.7 1.2 3.5 9.8 12.6 11.5 11.5 11.6 6.5 6.5 7.7 Gabon 1.7 2.1 0.3 2.4 1.1 3.0 1.2 5.6 2.0 0.7 2.7 2.8 Gambia, The 4.2 5.8 3.2 6.9 7.0 5.1 6.5 6.3 5.9 4.0 4.4 5.5 Ghana 4.5 4.2 4.5 5.2 5.6 5.9 6.4 6.1 7.2 4.5 4.7 5.8 Guinea 4.1 3.8 4.2 1.2 2.3 3.0 2.5 1.8 4.0 2.6 4.1 5.0 Guinea-Bissau 0.9 0.6 4.2 0.6 2.2 3.5 0.6 2.7 3.3 1.9 3.1 4.4 Kenya 1.7 4.7 0.3 2.8 4.6 5.9 6.4 7.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 6.5 Lesotho 3.8 3.0 1.6 3.9 4.6 0.7 8.1 5.1 3.5 0.6 3.0 4.4 Liberia... 2.9 3.7 31.3 2.6 5.3 7.8 9.5 7.1 4.9 7.5 12.9 Madagascar 1.7 6.0 12.4 9.8 5.3 4.6 5.0 6.2 5.0 0.2 2.0 5.7 Malawi 3.4 4.1 1.7 5.7 5.4 3.3 6.7 8.6 9.7 6.9 6.0 5.3 Mali 3.6 12.1 4.3 7.2 1.2 6.1 5.3 4.3 5.0 3.9 4.1 5.3 Mauritania 2.9 2.9 1.1 5.6 5.2 5.4 11.4 1.0 2.2 2.3 4.7 5.9 Mauritius 6.0 4.2 1.5 3.8 4.8 3.4 3.5 4.2 6.6 2.1 2.3 4.2 Morocco 2.4 7.6 3.3 6.3 4.8 3.0 7.8 2.7 5.4 4.4 4.4 6.0 Mozambique 6.5 12.3 9.2 6.5 7.9 8.4 8.7 7.0 6.2 4.3 4.0 6.5 Namibia 3.9 1.2 4.8 4.3 12.3 2.5 7.2 4.1 2.9 0.7 1.8 3.1 Niger 1.0 8.0 5.3 7.1 0.8 8.4 5.8 3.3 9.5 3.0 4.5 5.6 Nigeria 1.9 8.2 21.2 10.3 10.6 5.4 6.2 6.4 5.3 2.9 2.6 6.3 Rwanda 0.7 8.5 11.0 0.3 5.3 7.2 7.3 7.9 11.2 5.6 5.8 6.1 São Tomé and Príncipe 1.5 3.1 11.6 5.4 6.6 5.7 6.7 6.0 5.8 5.0 6.0 8.0 Senegal 3.1 4.6 0.7 6.7 5.9 5.6 2.4 4.7 2.5 3.1 3.4 4.9 Seychelles 4.5 2.3 1.2 5.9 2.9 7.5 8.3 7.3 0.1 9.6 2.6 5.0 Sierra Leone 7.6 18.2 27.4 9.5 7.4 7.3 7.4 6.4 5.5 4.5 5.3 5.6 South Africa 1.8 2.7 3.7 3.1 4.9 5.0 5.3 5.1 3.1 0.3 1.9 4.4 Sudan 3.5 6.2 5.4 7.1 5.1 6.3 11.3 10.2 6.8 4.0 5.0 5.0 Swaziland 2.9 1.0 1.8 3.9 2.5 2.2 2.9 3.5 2.5 0.5 2.6 2.5 Tanzania 2.9 6.0 7.2 6.9 7.8 7.4 6.7 7.1 7.5 5.0 5.7 7.5 Togo 0.9 2.3 0.3 5.2 2.4 1.2 3.9 1.9 1.1 1.7 2.1 4.0 Tunisia 4.7 5.0 1.7 5.6 6.0 4.0 5.5 6.3 4.5 3.3 3.8 6.0 Uganda 6.2 5.2 8.7 6.5 6.8 6.3 10.8 8.6 9.5 6.2 5.5 7.0 Zambia 0.2 4.9 3.3 5.1 5.4 5.3 6.2 6.3 6.0 4.0 4.5 5.9 Zimbabwe 3 0.6 2.7 4.4 10.4 3.6 4.0 5.4 6.1............ 193

Statistical appendix Table A4 (continued) 1991 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014 Central and eastern Europe 4 2.0 0.0 4.4 4.9 7.3 6.0 6.6 5.4 2.9 3.7 0.8 4.0 Albania 1.3 7.0 4.2 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.5 6.3 6.8 0.4 2.0 6.0 Bosnia and Herzegovina... 3.6 5.0 3.5 6.3 3.9 6.9 6.8 5.5 3.0 0.5 4.5 Bulgaria 4.0 4.1 4.5 5.0 6.6 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 Croatia... 3.8 5.4 5.0 4.2 4.2 4.7 5.5 2.4 3.5 0.3 4.0 Estonia... 7.7 7.8 7.1 7.5 9.2 10.4 6.3 3.6 10.0 1.0 4.5 Hungary 1.0 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.8 4.0 4.0 1.1 0.6 3.3 0.4 4.5 Latvia... 8.0 6.5 7.2 8.7 10.6 12.2 10.0 4.6 12.0 2.0 4.0 Lithuania... 6.7 6.9 10.2 7.4 7.8 7.8 8.9 3.0 10.0 3.0 5.5 Macedonia, FYR... 4.5 0.9 2.8 4.1 4.1 4.0 5.9 5.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 Montenegro... 1.1 1.9 2.5 4.4 4.2 8.6 10.7 7.5 2.7 2.0 4.0 Poland 3.8 1.2 1.4 3.9 5.3 3.6 6.2 6.7 4.8 0.7 1.3 4.3 Romania 1.6 5.6 5.0 5.3 8.5 4.1 7.9 6.2 7.1 4.1 0.0 4.1 Serbia... 5.6 3.9 2.4 8.3 5.6 5.2 6.9 5.4 2.0 0.0 5.5 Turkey 3.7 5.7 6.2 5.3 9.4 8.4 6.9 4.7 1.1 5.1 1.5 3.5 Commonwealth of Independent States 4,5... 6.1 5.2 7.8 8.2 6.7 8.4 8.6 5.5 5.1 1.2 5.3 Russia... 5.1 4.7 7.3 7.2 6.4 7.7 8.1 5.6 6.0 0.5 5.0 Excluding Russia... 8.9 6.6 9.1 10.8 7.4 10.2 9.9 5.3 2.9 3.1 5.9 Armenia... 9.6 13.2 14.0 10.5 14.0 13.2 13.8 6.8 5.0 0.0 5.0 Azerbaijan... 6.5 8.1 10.5 10.4 24.3 30.5 23.4 11.6 2.5 12.3 0.8 Belarus... 4.7 5.0 7.0 11.4 9.4 10.0 8.6 10.0 4.3 1.6 5.7 Georgia... 4.7 5.5 11.1 5.9 9.6 9.4 12.4 2.0 1.0 3.0 5.0 Kazakhstan... 13.5 9.8 9.3 9.6 9.7 10.7 8.9 3.2 2.0 1.5 8.0 Kyrgyz Republic... 5.3 0.0 7.0 7.0 0.2 3.1 8.5 7.6 0.9 2.9 5.6 Moldova... 6.1 7.8 6.6 7.4 7.5 4.8 4.0 7.2 3.4 0.0 5.0 Mongolia 0.3 0.2 4.7 7.0 10.6 7.3 8.6 10.2 8.9 2.7 4.3 6.0 Tajikistan... 10.2 9.1 10.2 10.6 6.7 7.0 7.8 7.9 2.0 3.0 7.0 Turkmenistan... 20.4 15.8 17.1 14.7 13.0 11.4 11.6 9.8 6.9 7.0 8.4 Ukraine... 9.2 5.2 9.6 12.1 2.7 7.3 7.9 2.1 8.0 1.0 6.0 Uzbekistan... 4.2 4.0 4.2 7.7 7.0 7.3 9.5 9.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 194

Output: EMERGING AND DEVELOPING ECONOMIES Table A4 (continued) 1991 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014 Developing Asia 7.4 5.8 6.9 8.2 8.6 9.0 9.8 10.6 7.7 4.8 6.1 8.8 Afghanistan, I.R. of......... 15.1 8.8 16.1 8.2 12.1 3.4 9.0 7.0 9.4 Bangladesh 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.8 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.3 5.6 5.0 5.4 7.0 Bhutan 5.0 6.8 10.9 7.2 6.8 7.0 8.8 17.9 6.6 5.7 6.6 6.7 Brunei Darussalam... 2.7 3.9 2.9 0.5 0.4 4.4 0.6 1.5 0.2 0.6 1.7 Cambodia... 8.1 6.6 8.5 10.3 13.3 10.8 10.2 6.0 0.5 3.0 7.5 China 10.4 8.3 9.1 10.0 10.1 10.4 11.6 13.0 9.0 6.5 7.5 10.0 Fiji 5.0 2.0 3.2 1.0 5.5 0.7 3.3 6.6 0.2 1.8 1.2 2.8 India 5.6 3.9 4.6 6.9 7.9 9.2 9.8 9.3 7.3 4.5 5.6 8.0 Indonesia 4.0 3.6 4.5 4.8 5.0 5.7 5.5 6.3 6.1 2.5 3.5 6.0 Kiribati 5.2 5.1 6.1 2.3 2.2 0.0 3.2 0.5 3.4 1.5 1.1 1.1 Lao PDR 6.3 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.4 7.1 8.4 7.5 7.2 4.4 4.7 7.1 Malaysia 7.1 0.5 5.4 5.8 6.8 5.3 5.8 6.3 4.6 3.5 1.3 6.0 Maldives 7.5 3.5 6.5 8.5 9.5 4.6 18.0 7.2 5.7 1.3 2.9 5.5 Myanmar 7.1 11.3 12.0 13.8 13.6 13.6 13.1 11.9 4.5 5.0 4.0 4.0 Nepal 5.0 5.6 0.1 3.9 4.7 3.1 3.7 3.2 4.7 3.6 3.3 5.5 Pakistan 3.9 2.0 3.2 4.8 7.4 7.7 6.2 6.0 6.0 2.5 3.5 7.0 Papua New Guinea 4.6 0.1 0.2 2.2 2.7 3.6 2.6 6.5 7.0 3.9 3.7 2.4 Philippines 3.0 1.8 4.4 4.9 6.4 5.0 5.4 7.2 4.6 0.0 1.0 5.0 Samoa 3.2 8.1 5.5 2.1 2.4 6.0 1.8 6.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 Solomon Islands 2.5 8.0 2.8 6.5 8.0 5.0 6.1 10.2 7.3 4.0 3.4 7.3 Sri Lanka 5.2 1.5 4.0 5.9 5.4 6.2 7.7 6.8 6.0 2.2 3.6 5.5 Thailand 4.4 2.2 5.3 7.1 6.3 4.6 5.2 4.9 2.6 3.0 1.0 6.0 Timor-Leste... 18.9 2.4 0.1 4.2 6.2 5.8 8.4 12.8 7.2 7.9 7.8 Tonga 1.6 2.6 3.0 3.2 1.4 5.4 0.6 3.2 1.2 2.6 1.9 1.6 Vanuatu 2.8 2.5 7.4 3.2 5.5 6.5 7.4 6.8 6.6 3.0 3.5 4.5 Vietnam 7.6 6.9 7.1 7.3 7.8 8.4 8.2 8.5 6.2 3.3 4.0 7.0 Middle East 4.0 2.6 3.8 7.0 6.0 5.8 5.7 6.3 5.9 2.5 3.5 4.5 Bahrain 4.6 4.6 5.2 7.2 5.6 7.9 6.7 8.1 6.1 2.6 3.5 4.9 Egypt 4.4 3.5 3.2 3.2 4.1 4.5 6.8 7.1 7.2 3.6 3.0 6.0 Iran, I.R. of 3.7 3.7 7.5 7.2 5.1 4.7 5.8 7.8 4.5 3.2 3.0 2.2 Iraq............... 0.7 6.2 1.5 9.8 6.9 6.7 4.7 Jordan 4.7 5.3 5.8 4.2 8.6 8.1 8.0 6.6 6.0 3.0 4.0 5.5 Kuwait 3.7 0.2 3.0 17.3 10.2 10.6 5.1 2.5 6.3 1.1 2.4 4.6 Lebanon 7.1 4.5 3.3 4.1 7.5 2.6 0.6 7.5 8.5 3.0 4.0 4.5 Libya 0.2 4.3 1.3 13.0 4.4 10.3 6.7 6.8 6.7 1.1 2.8 8.4 Oman 4.6 7.5 2.6 2.0 5.3 6.0 6.8 6.4 6.2 3.0 3.8 6.5 Qatar 6.9 6.3 3.2 6.3 17.7 9.2 15.0 15.3 16.4 18.0 16.4 3.3 Saudi Arabia 2.7 0.5 0.1 7.7 5.3 5.6 3.0 3.5 4.6 0.9 2.9 5.1 Syrian Arab Republic 4.8 3.7 5.9 2.1 6.7 4.5 5.1 4.2 5.2 3.0 2.8 5.2 United Arab Emirates 4.4 1.7 2.6 11.9 9.7 8.2 9.4 6.3 7.4 0.6 1.6 5.1 Yemen, Rep. of 5.7 3.8 3.9 3.7 4.0 5.6 3.2 3.3 3.9 7.7 4.7 4.5 195

Statistical appendix Table A4 (concluded) 1991 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014 Western Hemisphere 3.3 0.7 0.6 2.2 6.0 4.7 5.7 5.7 4.2 1.5 1.6 4.3 Antigua and Barbuda 3.4 1.5 2.0 4.3 5.2 5.5 12.4 6.9 4.2 2.0 0.0 4.9 Argentina 4.2 4.4 10.9 8.8 9.0 9.2 8.5 8.7 7.0 1.5 0.7 3.0 Bahamas, The 2.1 0.8 2.3 1.0 0.2 3.3 4.6 2.8 1.3 4.5 0.5 1.8 Barbados 1.0 2.6 0.7 2.0 4.8 3.9 3.2 3.4 0.6 3.5 0.5 3.0 Belize 6.0 5.0 5.1 9.3 4.6 3.0 4.7 1.2 3.0 1.0 2.0 2.5 Bolivia 3.8 1.7 2.5 2.7 4.2 4.4 4.8 4.6 5.9 2.2 2.9 3.6 Brazil 2.5 1.3 2.7 1.1 5.7 3.2 4.0 5.7 5.1 1.3 2.2 4.5 Chile 6.5 3.5 2.2 4.0 6.0 5.6 4.6 4.7 3.2 0.1 3.0 5.0 Colombia 2.7 2.2 2.5 4.6 4.7 5.7 6.9 7.5 2.5 0.0 1.3 4.5 Costa Rica 5.2 1.1 2.9 6.4 4.3 5.9 8.8 7.8 2.9 0.5 1.5 5.2 Dominica 2.1 4.2 5.1 0.1 3.0 3.3 4.0 1.5 2.6 1.1 2.0 3.0 Dominican Republic 6.1 1.8 5.8 0.3 1.3 9.3 10.7 8.5 4.8 0.5 2.0 7.0 Ecuador 2.2 5.3 4.2 3.6 8.0 6.0 3.9 2.5 5.3 2.0 1.0 3.0 El Salvador 4.6 1.7 2.3 2.3 1.9 3.1 4.2 4.7 2.5 0.0 0.5 4.5 Grenada 4.5 3.0 1.6 7.1 5.7 11.0 2.3 4.5 0.3 0.7 1.0 3.9 Guatemala 3.7 2.4 3.9 2.5 3.2 3.3 5.4 6.3 4.0 1.0 1.8 4.0 Guyana 4.9 2.3 1.1 0.7 1.6 1.9 5.1 5.4 3.2 2.6 3.4 3.8 Haiti 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.4 3.5 1.8 2.3 3.4 1.3 1.0 2.0 3.7 Honduras 3.3 2.7 3.8 4.5 6.2 6.1 6.6 6.3 4.0 1.5 1.9 3.0 Jamaica 0.5 1.3 1.0 3.5 1.4 1.0 2.7 1.4 1.2 2.6 0.3 2.1 Mexico 3.5 0.2 0.8 1.7 4.0 3.2 5.1 3.3 1.3 3.7 1.0 4.9 Nicaragua 3.6 3.0 0.8 2.5 5.3 4.4 3.9 3.2 3.0 0.5 1.0 4.0 Panama 5.5 0.6 2.2 4.2 7.5 7.2 8.5 11.5 9.2 3.0 4.0 6.5 Paraguay 1.8 2.1 0.0 3.8 4.1 2.9 4.3 6.8 5.8 0.5 1.5 5.0 Peru 4.0 0.2 5.0 4.0 5.0 6.8 7.7 8.9 9.8 3.5 4.5 5.5 St. Kitts and Nevis 4.1 2.0 1.0 0.5 7.6 5.6 5.3 2.9 3.0 1.2 0.0 2.0 St. Lucia 2.2 4.1 0.6 3.5 4.5 3.8 5.0 1.7 1.7 1.4 0.0 4.2 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 3.1 0.1 3.2 2.8 6.8 2.6 7.6 7.0 0.9 0.1 1.2 4.1 Suriname 0.7 6.8 2.6 6.0 8.2 4.5 4.8 5.5 6.5 2.8 2.5 4.7 Trinidad and Tobago 4.5 3.8 7.9 14.4 7.8 5.4 13.3 5.5 3.4 0.5 2.0 3.3 Uruguay 3.0 3.8 7.7 0.8 5.0 7.5 4.6 7.6 8.9 1.3 2.0 3.8 Venezuela 2.1 3.4 8.9 7.8 18.3 10.3 10.3 8.4 4.8 2.2 0.5 0.5 1 For many countries, figures for recent years are IMF staff estimates. Data for some countries are for fiscal years. 2 The percent changes in 2002 are calculated over a period of 18 months, reflecting a change in the fiscal year cycle (from July June to January December). 3 Given recent trends, it is not possible to forecast GDP with any precision and consequently no data are shown for 2008 and beyond. 4 Data for some countries refer to real net material product (NMP) or are estimates based on NMP. For many countries, figures for recent years are IMF staff estimates. The figures should be interpreted only as indicative of broad orders of magnitude because reliable, comparable data are not generally available. In particular, the growth of output of new private enterprises of the informal economy is not fully reflected in the recent figures. 5 Mongolia, which is not a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States, is included in this group for reasons of geography and similarities in economic structure. 196

INFLATION: SUMMARY Table A5. Summary of Inflation (Percent) 1991 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014 GDP deflators Advanced economies 2.4 2.0 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.0 0.8 0.6 1.6 United States 2.1 2.4 1.7 2.1 2.9 3.3 3.2 2.7 2.2 0.9 0.4 2.0 Euro area... 2.5 2.6 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.3 1.0 1.0 1.7 Japan 0.2 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.5 Other advanced economies 1 3.2 2.1 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.6 2.9 1.0 1.8 1.9 Consumer prices Advanced economies 2.7 2.2 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.2 3.4 0.2 0.3 1.9 United States 2.8 2.8 1.6 2.3 2.7 3.4 3.2 2.9 3.8 0.9 0.1 2.2 Euro area 2... 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 3.3 0.4 0.6 1.5 Japan 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 1.4 1.0 0.6 1.0 Other advanced economies 1 3.3 2.2 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.1 3.8 0.8 1.1 2.2 Emerging and developing economies 44.5 7.7 6.8 6.7 5.9 5.7 5.4 6.4 9.3 5.7 4.7 4.2 Regional groups Africa 24.6 10.9 9.1 8.7 6.6 7.1 6.3 6.3 10.1 9.0 6.3 4.8 Central and eastern Europe 59.4 24.4 18.9 11.3 6.6 5.6 5.7 6.1 8.0 4.6 4.2 3.3 Commonwealth of Independent States 3... 20.3 14.0 12.3 10.4 12.1 9.4 9.7 15.6 12.6 9.5 6.9 Developing Asia 8.2 2.8 2.1 2.6 4.1 3.8 4.2 5.4 7.4 2.8 2.4 2.8 Middle East 10.3 3.8 5.3 6.1 7.1 6.2 6.8 10.5 15.6 11.0 8.5 5.8 Western Hemisphere 64.8 6.5 8.6 10.4 6.6 6.3 5.3 5.4 7.9 6.6 6.2 6.3 European Union 7.6 3.0 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 3.7 0.8 0.8 1.7 Analytical groups By source of export earnings Fuel 78.0 13.6 12.0 11.5 9.9 9.6 8.4 9.8 15.3 12.3 10.6 8.4 Nonfuel 35.8 6.3 5.6 5.5 5.0 4.8 4.7 5.6 7.9 4.2 3.4 3.3 of which, primary products 51.3 15.1 8.5 6.1 3.7 6.6 6.7 7.0 10.9 7.1 5.8 4.6 By external financing source Net debtor countries 42.6 8.3 8.1 7.4 5.4 5.7 5.7 5.9 8.6 6.3 4.7 4.2 of which, official financing 22.1 6.3 3.7 5.9 6.7 7.8 8.0 8.4 14.8 9.6 6.2 4.9 Net debtor countries by debtservicing experience Countries with arrears and/or rescheduling during 2003 07 32.1 9.3 12.8 9.5 6.8 8.2 8.7 8.1 11.1 10.4 6.6 6.0 Median inflation rate Advanced economies 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1 3.8 0.5 1.0 2.0 Emerging and developing economies 9.7 4.7 3.6 4.2 4.5 5.7 6.1 6.3 10.4 5.5 5.0 4.0 1 In this table, other advanced economies means advanced economies excluding the United States, euro area countries, and Japan. 2 Based on Eurostat s harmonized index of consumer prices. 3 Mongolia, which is not a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States, is included in this group for reasons of geography and similarities in economic structure. 197

Statistical appendix Table A6. Advanced Economies: Consumer Prices (Annual percent change) Consumer Prices End of Period 1991 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014 2008 2009 2010 Advanced economies 2.7 2.2 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.2 3.4 0.2 0.3 1.9 1.6 0.0 0.4 United States 2.8 2.8 1.6 2.3 2.7 3.4 3.2 2.9 3.8 0.9 0.1 2.2 0.8 0.1 0.1 Euro area 1... 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 3.3 0.4 0.6 1.5 1.6 0.9 0.6 Germany 2.3 1.9 1.4 1.0 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.3 2.8 0.1 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.4 France 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.6 3.2 0.5 1.0 1.8 1.2 0.5 1.0 Italy 3.7 2.3 2.6 2.8 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.0 3.5 0.7 0.6 1.8 3.4 0.7 0.6 Spain 4.0 2.8 3.6 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.6 2.8 4.1 0.0 0.9 1.7 1.5 0.4 0.8 Netherlands 2.3 5.1 3.8 2.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.6 2.2 0.3 1.1 1.5 2.2 0.3 1.1 Belgium 2.0 2.4 1.6 1.5 1.9 2.5 2.3 1.8 4.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.7 0.0 1.4 Greece 9.1 3.7 3.9 3.4 3.0 3.5 3.3 3.0 4.2 1.6 2.1 2.5 3.2 1.9 2.1 Austria 2.0 2.3 1.7 1.3 2.0 2.1 1.7 2.2 3.2 0.5 1.3 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.2 Portugal 4.7 4.4 3.7 3.3 2.5 2.1 3.0 2.4 2.6 0.3 1.0 1.8 2.6 0.3 1.0 Finland 1.9 2.7 2.0 1.3 0.1 0.8 1.3 1.6 3.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 3.4 1.9 1.1 Ireland 2.6 4.0 4.7 4.0 2.3 2.2 2.7 2.9 3.1 0.6 1.0 1.9 1.3 0.3 1.3 Slovak Republic... 7.2 3.5 8.4 7.5 2.8 4.3 1.9 3.9 1.7 2.3 2.3 3.5 2.0 2.3 Slovenia... 8.4 7.5 5.6 3.6 2.5 2.5 3.6 5.7 0.5 1.5 3.0 2.1 0.5 2.1 Luxembourg 2.2 2.7 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.3 3.4 0.2 1.8 1.6 0.9 2.1 1.5 Cyprus 3.8 2.0 2.8 4.0 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.2 4.4 0.9 2.4 2.8 1.8 1.2 2.4 Malta 3.1 2.5 2.6 1.9 2.7 2.5 2.6 0.7 4.7 1.8 1.7 2.5 5.0 1.3 2.0 Japan 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 1.4 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.4 1.3 0.4 United Kingdom 1 2.7 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 2.0 2.3 2.3 3.6 1.5 0.8 1.8 3.9 0.8 1.0 Canada 2.0 2.5 2.3 2.7 1.8 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.4 0.0 0.5 2.1 1.9 0.2 0.9 Korea 5.1 4.1 2.8 3.5 3.6 2.8 2.2 2.5 4.7 1.7 3.0 3.0 4.1 1.5 3.0 Australia 2.2 4.4 3.0 2.8 2.3 2.7 3.5 2.3 4.4 1.6 1.3 2.5 3.7 1.9 1.1 Taiwan Province of China 2.6 0.0 0.2 0.3 1.6 2.3 0.6 1.8 3.5 2.0 1.0 2.0 3.7 1.0 0.0 Sweden 2.7 2.7 1.9 2.3 1.0 0.8 1.5 1.7 3.3 0.2 0.0 2.0 2.1 0.5 0.5 Switzerland 1.9 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.7 2.4 0.6 0.3 1.0 1.2 0.6 0.3 Hong Kong SAR 5.3 1.6 3.0 2.6 0.4 0.9 2.0 2.0 4.3 1.0 1.0 2.6 2.0 1.3 1.0 Czech Republic 13.3 4.7 1.9 0.1 2.8 1.8 2.5 2.9 6.3 1.0 1.6 2.0 3.6 1.0 1.6 Norway 2.3 3.0 1.3 2.5 0.5 1.5 2.3 0.7 3.8 1.5 1.9 2.5 2.1 1.0 2.3 Singapore 1.7 1.0 0.4 0.5 1.7 0.5 1.0 2.1 6.5 0.0 1.1 1.8 5.4 1.5 2.0 Denmark 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.1 1.2 1.8 1.9 1.7 3.4 0.3 0.0 2.0 2.9 0.6 0.3 Israel 9.5 1.1 5.7 0.7 0.4 1.3 2.1 0.5 4.7 1.4 0.8 2.0 4.8 0.1 1.1 New Zealand 1.8 2.6 2.6 1.7 2.3 3.0 3.4 2.4 4.0 1.3 1.1 2.1 3.4 0.8 1.3 Iceland 3.2 6.7 4.8 2.1 3.2 4.0 6.8 5.0 12.4 10.6 2.4 2.5 18.1 3.0 2.3 Major advanced economies 2.4 1.9 1.3 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.1 3.2 0.4 0.0 1.8 1.2 0.2 0.2 Newly industrialized Asian economies 4.1 1.9 1.0 1.4 2.4 2.2 1.6 2.2 4.5 0.4 2.0 2.6 3.9 0.5 1.8 1 Based on Eurostat s harmonized index of consumer prices. 198

INFLATION: EMERGING AND DEVELOPING ECONOMIES Table A7. Emerging and Developing Economies, by Country: Consumer Prices 1 (Annual percent change) End of Period 1991 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014 2008 2009 2010 Africa 24.6 10.9 9.1 8.7 6.6 7.1 6.3 6.3 10.1 9.0 6.3 4.8 11.6 7.0 5.6 Algeria 16.3 4.2 1.4 2.6 3.6 1.6 2.5 3.6 4.5 4.6 3.4 3.0 5.8 3.5 3.3 Angola 549.4 152.6 108.9 98.3 43.6 23.0 13.3 12.2 12.5 12.1 8.9 0.0 13.2 10.0 8.0 Benin 7.6 4.0 2.4 1.5 0.9 5.4 3.8 1.3 8.0 4.0 2.8 2.8 9.9 3.5 3.3 Botswana 10.6 6.6 8.0 9.2 7.0 8.6 11.6 7.1 12.6 8.1 5.2 4.0 13.7 5.7 4.8 Burkina Faso 4.4 4.7 2.3 2.0 0.4 6.4 2.4 0.2 10.7 4.7 2.3 2.0 11.6 3.3 2.0 Burundi 15.2 9.3 1.3 10.7 8.0 13.4 2.8 8.3 24.4 10.9 7.5 5.0 25.7 7.8 7.3 Cameroon 2 4.9 2.8 6.3 0.6 0.3 2.0 4.9 1.1 5.3 2.3 2.0 2.0 5.3 0.1 2.0 Cape Verde 5.9 3.7 1.9 1.2 1.9 0.4 4.8 4.4 6.8 3.5 2.7 2.0 6.7 3.3 2.7 Central African Republic 3.9 3.8 2.3 4.4 2.2 2.9 6.7 0.9 9.3 5.2 2.6 2.5 13.0 3.8 1.5 Chad 4.5 12.4 5.2 1.8 4.8 3.7 7.7 7.4 8.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 9.7 3.0 3.0 Comoros 3.9 5.6 3.6 3.7 4.5 3.0 3.4 4.5 4.8 4.9 2.4 3.0 7.4 2.3 2.5 Congo, Dem. Rep. of 977.6 357.3 25.3 12.8 4.0 21.4 13.2 16.7 18.0 33.9 19.9 8.7 27.6 24.8 15.0 Congo, Rep. of 7.3 0.8 3.0 1.7 3.7 2.5 4.7 2.6 6.0 9.5 5.1 3.0 11.4 6.4 3.8 Côte d Ivoire 6.0 4.4 3.1 3.3 1.5 3.9 2.5 1.9 6.3 5.9 3.2 2.5 9.0 3.4 3.0 Djibouti 3.6 1.8 0.6 2.0 3.1 3.1 3.5 5.0 12.0 5.5 5.0 3.0 12.0 5.5 5.0 Equatorial Guinea 6.5 8.8 7.6 7.3 4.2 5.7 4.5 2.8 5.9 4.1 6.1 4.1 6.0 5.7 4.9 Eritrea... 14.6 16.9 22.7 25.1 12.5 15.1 9.3 11.0 10.5 9.7 8.5 11.0 10.0 9.5 Ethiopia 7.2 5.2 7.2 15.1 8.6 6.8 12.3 15.8 25.3 42.2 13.3 9.1 55.3 15.7 12.1 Gabon 4.0 2.1 0.2 2.1 0.4 1.2 1.4 5.0 5.3 2.6 3.0 2.5 5.6 0.5 3.0 Gambia, The 4.2 4.5 8.6 17.0 14.3 5.0 2.1 5.4 4.5 6.4 5.7 5.0 6.8 6.0 5.5 Ghana 25.6 32.9 14.8 26.7 12.6 15.1 10.2 10.7 16.5 14.6 7.6 5.0 18.1 11.0 8.0 Guinea 7.3 6.8 5.4 3.0 11.0 17.5 31.4 34.7 22.9 18.4 5.9 5.0 12.8 13.5 10.3 Guinea-Bissau 32.8 3.3 2.2 3.5 0.8 5.6 0.1 4.6 10.4 3.6 3.6 2.6 8.7 2.1 2.9 Kenya 15.9 5.8 2.0 9.8 11.6 10.3 14.5 9.8 13.1 8.3 5.0 5.0 13.8 6.0 5.0 Lesotho 10.5 6.9 12.5 7.3 5.0 3.4 6.1 8.0 10.7 6.6 6.1 5.6 10.6 6.4 5.2 Liberia... 12.1 14.2 10.3 3.6 6.9 7.2 11.4 17.5 2.0 4.5 5.0 9.4 4.0 5.0 Madagascar 16.2 6.9 16.2 1.1 14.0 18.4 10.8 10.4 9.2 9.4 8.1 5.0 10.1 8.7 7.4 Malawi 30.9 27.2 17.4 9.6 11.4 15.5 13.9 7.9 8.7 10.1 8.0 6.2 9.9 9.2 7.8 Mali 3.6 5.2 4.9 1.2 3.1 6.4 1.5 1.5 9.1 2.5 2.8 2.8 7.4 2.9 2.9 Mauritania 5.1 7.7 5.4 5.3 10.4 12.1 6.2 7.3 7.3 4.9 5.8 5.0 3.9 6.0 5.5 Mauritius 7.5 5.4 6.5 3.9 4.7 4.9 8.9 9.1 8.8 7.3 5.1 6.0 9.7 5.0 5.2 Morocco 4.0 0.6 2.8 1.2 1.5 1.0 3.3 2.0 3.9 3.0 2.8 2.6 4.2 3.0 2.8 Mozambique 28.7 9.1 16.8 13.5 12.6 6.4 13.2 8.2 10.3 5.4 5.2 5.3 6.2 5.4 5.3 Namibia 9.9 9.3 11.3 7.2 4.1 2.3 5.1 6.7 10.3 9.1 6.3 5.0 10.9 7.3 5.3 Niger 5.0 4.0 2.7 1.8 0.4 7.8 0.1 0.1 11.3 5.0 2.3 2.0 13.6 2.0 2.0 Nigeria 28.5 18.0 13.7 14.0 15.0 17.8 8.3 5.5 11.2 14.2 10.1 8.5 15.1 11.9 8.5 Rwanda 16.3 3.4 2.0 7.4 12.0 9.0 8.9 9.1 15.4 11.5 6.3 5.0 22.3 6.0 5.0 São Tomé and Príncipe 35.8 9.5 9.2 9.6 12.8 17.2 23.1 18.5 26.0 17.5 12.8 5.0 24.8 16.0 10.0 Senegal 4.1 3.0 2.3 0.0 0.5 1.7 2.1 5.9 5.8 1.1 2.2 2.2 4.3 2.2 2.2 Seychelles 2.3 6.0 0.2 3.3 3.9 0.6 1.9 5.3 37.0 39.2 17.9 3.0 63.3 16.3 11.5 Sierra Leone 32.2 2.6 3.7 7.5 14.2 12.1 9.5 11.7 14.8 10.6 8.9 7.4 12.2 9.0 8.7 South Africa 9.0 5.7 9.2 5.8 1.4 3.4 4.7 7.1 11.5 6.1 5.6 5.1 9.5 5.9 4.7 Sudan 67.9 4.9 8.3 7.7 8.4 8.5 7.2 8.0 14.3 9.0 8.0 5.5 14.9 8.5 7.5 Swaziland 8.9 7.5 11.7 7.4 3.4 4.8 5.3 8.2 13.1 7.9 6.7 5.5 12.9 7.3 6.2 Tanzania 19.6 5.1 4.6 4.4 4.1 4.4 7.3 7.0 10.3 10.9 5.7 5.0 13.5 6.7 5.0 Togo 6.1 3.9 3.1 0.9 0.4 6.8 2.2 1.0 8.4 2.8 2.1 2.5 7.2 2.0 2.5 Tunisia 4.4 2.0 2.7 2.7 3.6 2.0 4.5 3.1 5.0 3.2 3.4 3.0 4.1 3.2 3.4 Uganda 12.6 4.5 2.0 5.7 5.0 8.0 6.6 6.8 7.3 13.7 7.4 5.8 12.5 10.3 6.2 Zambia 60.0 21.7 22.2 21.4 18.0 18.3 9.0 10.7 12.4 12.2 8.3 5.0 16.6 10.0 7.0 Zimbabwe 3 31.7 73.4 133.2 365.0 350.0 237.8 1,016.7 10,452.6..................... 199

Statistical appendix Table A7 (continued) End of Period 1991 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014 2008 2009 2010 Central and eastern Europe 4 59.4 24.4 18.9 11.3 6.6 5.6 5.7 6.1 8.0 4.6 4.2 3.3 6.8 4.1 4.0 Albania 34.7 3.1 5.2 2.3 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.9 3.4 1.5 2.2 3.0 2.2 1.5 2.4 Bosnia and Herzegovina... 4.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 3.6 6.1 1.5 7.4 2.1 2.3 2.5 3.8 2.0 2.5 Bulgaria 107.9 7.4 5.8 2.3 6.1 6.0 7.4 7.6 12.0 3.7 1.3 3.4 7.2 2.0 0.7 Croatia... 3.8 1.7 1.8 2.0 3.3 3.2 2.9 6.1 2.5 2.8 3.0 5.8 3.0 2.8 Estonia... 5.8 3.6 1.3 3.0 4.1 4.4 6.6 10.4 0.8 1.3 2.5 7.0 0.5 1.0 Hungary 20.0 9.2 5.3 4.6 6.8 3.6 3.9 7.9 6.1 3.8 2.8 3.0 3.5 4.2 2.8 Latvia... 2.5 1.6 3.3 6.2 6.9 6.6 10.1 15.3 3.3 3.5 2.9 10.4 1.0 2.6 Lithuania... 1.6 0.3 1.1 1.2 2.7 3.8 5.8 11.1 5.1 0.6 1.1 8.5 1.5 0.3 Macedonia, FYR... 5.5 2.2 1.2 0.4 0.5 3.2 2.3 8.3 1.0 3.0 3.0 4.1 1.0 3.0 Montenegro... 23.7 19.7 7.5 3.1 3.4 2.1 3.5 9.0 1.7 0.2 2.1......... Poland 26.1 5.5 1.9 0.8 3.5 2.1 1.0 2.5 4.2 2.1 2.6 2.5 3.3 1.8 2.8 Romania 101.1 34.5 22.5 15.3 11.9 9.0 6.6 4.8 7.8 5.9 3.9 3.5 6.3 4.5 3.5 Serbia... 91.8 19.5 11.7 10.1 17.3 12.7 6.5 11.7 10.0 8.2 4.7 2.2 1.5 2.4 Turkey 75.9 54.2 45.1 25.3 8.6 8.2 9.6 8.8 10.4 6.9 6.8 4.0 10.1 6.5 6.5 Commonwealth of Independent States 4,5... 20.3 14.0 12.3 10.4 12.1 9.4 9.7 15.6 12.6 9.5 6.9 14.0 11.1 8.5 Russia... 21.5 15.8 13.7 10.9 12.7 9.7 9.0 14.1 12.9 9.9 7.4 13.3 11.0 9.0 Excluding Russia... 17.1 9.2 8.6 9.1 10.6 8.8 11.5 19.6 11.9 8.5 5.8 15.8 11.4 7.3 Armenia... 3.1 1.1 4.7 7.0 0.6 2.9 4.4 9.0 3.6 7.2 4.0 5.2 8.0 4.0 Azerbaijan... 1.5 2.8 2.2 6.7 9.7 8.4 16.6 20.8 4.0 7.0 6.0 15.4 7.0 7.0 Belarus... 61.1 42.6 28.4 18.1 10.3 7.0 8.4 14.8 12.6 6.0 6.8 13.3 9.5 6.8 Georgia... 4.7 5.6 4.8 5.7 8.3 9.2 9.2 10.0 5.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 7.0 6.0 Kazakhstan... 8.4 5.9 6.4 6.9 7.6 8.6 10.8 17.2 9.5 8.7 6.0 9.5 11.0 6.5 Kyrgyz Republic... 6.9 2.1 3.1 4.1 4.3 5.6 10.2 24.5 12.4 8.6 4.7 20.1 10.0 8.2 Moldova... 9.8 5.3 11.7 12.5 11.9 12.7 12.4 12.7 2.6 4.7 4.0 7.3 4.0 5.0 Mongolia... 6.2 0.9 5.1 7.9 12.5 4.5 8.2 26.8 10.1 7.9 5.0 23.2 9.6 7.0 Tajikistan... 38.6 12.2 16.4 7.2 7.3 10.0 13.2 20.4 11.9 11.5 6.5 11.8 13.0 10.0 Turkmenistan... 11.6 8.8 5.6 5.9 10.7 8.2 6.3 15.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 12.0 9.0 7.0 Ukraine... 12.0 0.8 5.2 9.0 13.4 9.0 12.8 25.2 16.8 10.0 5.0 22.3 15.0 8.0 Uzbekistan... 27.3 27.3 11.6 6.6 10.0 14.2 12.3 12.7 12.5 9.5 8.0 14.4 10.2 9.0 200

INFLATION: EMERGING AND DEVELOPING ECONOMIES Table A7 (continued) End of Period 1991 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014 2008 2009 2010 Developing Asia 8.2 2.8 2.1 2.6 4.1 3.8 4.2 5.4 7.4 2.8 2.4 2.8 5.8 2.7 2.3 Afghanistan, I.R. of...... 5.1 24.1 13.2 12.3 5.1 13.0 27.2 5.5 5.4 5.0 8.5 6.0 5.0 Bangladesh 5.6 1.9 3.7 5.4 6.1 7.0 7.1 9.1 8.4 6.4 6.1 4.2 7.2 5.7 6.5 Bhutan 9.2 3.4 2.5 2.1 4.6 5.3 5.0 5.2 7.7 5.0 4.0 3.9 6.4 4.5 4.0 Brunei Darussalam... 0.6 2.3 0.3 0.9 1.1 0.2 0.3 2.7 1.2 1.2 1.2......... Cambodia... 0.2 3.3 1.2 3.9 5.8 4.7 5.9 19.7 5.2 1.4 3.5 13.5 3.5 3.5 China 7.2 0.7 0.8 1.2 3.9 1.8 1.5 4.8 5.9 0.1 0.7 1.9 2.5 0.8 0.7 Fiji 3.5 4.3 0.8 4.2 2.8 2.4 2.5 4.8 8.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 6.6 4.0 4.0 India 9.0 3.8 4.3 3.8 3.8 4.2 6.2 6.4 8.3 6.3 4.0 4.0 9.7 4.3 4.1 Indonesia 13.2 11.5 11.8 6.8 6.1 10.5 13.1 6.0 9.8 6.1 5.9 3.1 11.1 5.5 4.7 Kiribati 3.0 6.0 3.2 1.6 0.7 0.4 1.5 4.2 11.0 9.1 2.8 2.8 18.6 2.8 2.8 Lao PDR 29.1 7.8 10.6 15.5 10.5 7.2 6.8 4.5 7.6 0.2 2.6 4.0 3.2 3.0 2.5 Malaysia 3.5 1.4 1.8 1.1 1.4 3.0 3.6 2.0 5.4 0.9 2.5 2.5 4.3 1.2 2.5 Maldives 6.7 0.7 0.9 2.8 6.3 3.3 3.5 7.4 12.3 3.7 5.5 5.5 9.1 4.6 6.2 Myanmar 24.1 34.5 58.1 24.9 3.8 10.7 26.3 32.9 26.4 22.0 20.0 20.0 24.0 20.0 20.0 Nepal 9.2 2.4 2.9 4.7 4.0 4.5 8.0 6.4 7.7 11.1 2.3 4.0 12.1 4.6 4.5 Pakistan 9.1 4.4 2.5 3.1 4.6 9.3 7.9 7.8 12.0 20.0 6.0 6.0 21.5 10.0 6.5 Papua New Guinea 9.5 9.3 11.8 14.7 2.1 1.8 2.4 0.9 10.7 8.2 5.0 3.7 11.2 5.3 4.8 Philippines 8.7 6.8 2.9 3.5 6.0 7.7 6.2 2.8 9.3 3.4 4.5 4.5 8.0 3.0 4.5 Samoa 3.5 1.9 7.4 4.3 7.9 1.9 3.8 6.0 7.1 5.1 4.3 3.0 6.0 4.7 4.3 Solomon Islands 10.4 7.4 9.5 10.5 6.9 7.1 11.1 7.7 18.2 10.5 3.3 7.2 23.0 0.9 7.3 Sri Lanka 9.7 14.2 9.6 9.0 9.0 11.0 10.0 15.8 22.6 6.1 12.6 7.0 14.4 8.4 12.0 Thailand 4.5 1.7 0.6 1.8 2.8 4.5 4.6 2.2 5.5 0.5 3.4 1.8 0.4 6.5 1.4 Timor-Leste... 3.6 4.7 7.2 3.2 1.8 4.1 8.9 7.6 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.7 4.0 4.0 Tonga 4.4 6.9 10.4 11.1 11.7 9.7 7.0 5.1 14.5 12.3 6.1 4.2 6.0 6.0 6.0 Vanuatu 3.0 3.7 2.0 3.0 1.4 1.2 2.0 3.9 4.8 4.3 3.0 3.0 5.8 3.5 3.0 Vietnam 15.4 0.3 4.1 3.3 7.9 8.4 7.5 8.3 23.1 6.0 5.0 5.0 19.9 5.0 5.0 Middle East 10.3 3.8 5.3 6.1 7.1 6.2 6.8 10.5 15.6 11.0 8.5 5.8 15.5 9.5 8.7 Bahrain 0.9 1.2 0.5 1.7 2.2 2.6 2.0 3.3 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 5.1 3.0 2.5 Egypt 8.9 2.4 2.4 3.2 8.1 8.8 4.2 11.0 11.7 16.5 8.6 6.5 20.2 10.0 8.0 Iran, I.R. of 23.9 11.3 15.7 15.6 15.3 10.4 11.9 18.4 26.0 18.0 15.0 10.0 23.0 15.0 15.0 Iraq............... 37.0 53.2 30.8 3.5 13.8 8.0 4.0 6.8 9.0 8.0 Jordan 3.5 1.8 1.8 1.6 3.4 3.5 6.3 5.4 14.9 4.0 3.6 1.8 9.6 5.0 2.7 Kuwait 2.2 1.4 0.8 1.0 1.3 4.1 3.1 5.5 10.5 6.0 4.8 3.4 10.5 6.0 4.8 Lebanon 18.5 0.4 1.8 1.3 1.7 0.7 5.6 4.1 10.8 3.6 2.1 2.2 6.4 3.9 2.9 Libya 5.8 8.8 9.9 2.1 1.0 2.9 1.4 6.2 10.4 6.5 4.5 2.5 10.4 6.5 4.5 Oman 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.7 1.9 3.4 5.9 12.6 6.2 6.0 4.5 9.2 6.1 5.7 Qatar 2.7 1.4 0.2 2.3 6.8 8.8 11.8 13.8 15.0 9.0 8.4 3.0 15.0 9.0 8.4 Saudi Arabia 0.8 1.1 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.6 2.3 4.1 9.9 5.5 4.5 3.0 7.8 4.8 4.0 Syrian Arab Republic 5.6 3.4 0.5 5.8 4.4 7.2 10.4 4.7 14.5 7.5 6.0 5.0 12.0 7.5 6.0 United Arab Emirates 3.6 2.7 2.9 3.2 5.0 6.2 9.3 11.1 11.5 2.0 3.1 4.1......... Yemen, Rep. of 34.4 11.9 12.2 10.8 12.5 9.9 10.8 7.9 19.0 12.0 13.3 8.3 10.8 13.2 13.4 201

Statistical appendix Table A7 (concluded) End of Period 1991 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014 2008 2009 2010 Western Hemisphere 64.8 6.5 8.6 10.4 6.6 6.3 5.3 5.4 7.9 6.6 6.2 6.3 8.1 6.2 6.1 Antigua and Barbuda 2.7 1.7 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.4 5.6 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.3 1.8 2.0 Argentina 15.7 1.1 25.9 13.4 4.4 9.6 10.9 8.8 8.6 6.7 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Bahamas, The 2.5 2.0 2.2 3.0 1.0 2.2 1.8 2.5 4.5 1.8 0.6 1.5 4.5 1.0 0.2 Barbados 2.9 2.6 1.2 1.6 1.4 6.1 7.3 4.0 8.3 1.4 1.9 2.8 8.9 3.6 7.6 Belize 1.8 1.2 2.2 2.6 3.1 3.7 4.2 2.3 6.4 3.5 2.5 2.5 4.4 2.5 2.5 Bolivia 9.1 1.6 0.9 3.3 4.4 5.4 4.3 8.7 14.0 6.5 6.1 4.0 11.8 6.0 5.5 Brazil 204.4 6.8 8.4 14.8 6.6 6.9 4.2 3.6 5.7 4.8 4.0 4.5 5.9 4.2 4.0 Chile 9.4 3.6 2.5 2.8 1.1 3.1 3.4 4.4 8.7 2.9 3.5 3.0 6.9 2.2 3.0 Colombia 20.0 8.0 6.3 7.1 5.9 5.0 4.3 5.5 7.0 5.4 4.0 3.2 7.7 4.6 3.6 Costa Rica 15.9 11.3 9.2 9.4 12.3 13.8 11.5 9.4 13.4 10.0 7.5 4.0 13.9 8.0 7.0 Dominica 2.1 1.6 0.1 1.6 2.4 1.6 2.6 3.2 6.9 4.8 1.5 1.5 6.7 3.5 1.5 Dominican Republic 10.4 8.9 5.2 27.4 51.5 4.2 7.6 6.1 10.6 1.7 5.8 5.1 4.5 6.0 5.0 Ecuador 42.5 37.7 12.6 7.9 2.7 2.1 3.3 2.3 8.4 4.0 3.0 2.5 8.8 2.0 2.5 El Salvador 7.9 3.8 1.9 2.1 4.5 4.7 4.0 4.6 7.3 1.8 2.4 2.8 5.5 2.5 2.3 Grenada 2.4 1.7 1.1 2.2 2.3 3.5 4.2 3.9 8.0 2.3 2.9 2.0 5.2 2.1 2.2 Guatemala 11.5 7.3 8.1 5.6 7.6 9.1 6.6 6.8 11.4 4.8 5.7 4.1 9.4 5.5 4.7 Guyana 16.6 2.7 5.4 6.0 4.7 6.9 6.7 12.2 8.1 3.6 5.0 5.0 6.4 5.0 5.0 Haiti 19.7 16.5 9.3 26.7 28.3 16.8 14.2 9.0 14.4 7.1 8.3 5.0 20.8 3.0 5.0 Honduras 18.2 9.7 7.7 7.7 8.1 8.8 5.6 6.9 11.4 9.5 8.6 5.8 10.8 9.4 8.1 Jamaica 24.9 6.9 7.0 10.1 13.5 15.1 8.5 9.3 22.0 9.1 9.5 6.2 16.8 8.9 8.9 Mexico 18.3 6.4 5.0 4.5 4.7 4.0 3.6 4.0 5.1 4.8 3.4 3.0 6.5 3.5 3.1 Nicaragua 19.2 4.7 4.0 6.5 8.5 9.6 9.1 11.1 19.9 7.5 7.2 7.4 13.8 7.0 7.4 Panama 1.2 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.5 2.9 2.5 4.2 8.8 3.7 2.9 2.5 6.8 3.2 2.5 Paraguay 13.4 7.3 10.5 14.2 4.3 6.8 9.6 8.1 10.2 4.7 5.6 3.0 7.5 5.5 5.0 Peru 38.1 2.0 0.2 2.3 3.3 1.6 2.0 1.8 5.8 4.1 2.5 2.0 6.7 2.5 2.0 St. Kitts and Nevis 3.3 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2 3.4 8.5 4.5 5.4 4.2 2.8 2.2 7.6 3.5 2.2 St. Lucia 3.2 5.4 0.3 1.0 1.5 3.9 2.4 2.2 7.2 2.2 2.8 2.2 3.8 3.1 2.2 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2.5 0.8 0.8 0.2 3.0 3.7 3.0 6.9 10.1 4.2 2.9 2.9 8.7 2.9 2.9 Suriname 75.5 39.8 15.5 23.0 9.1 9.9 11.3 6.4 14.6 4.8 8.7 5.5 9.3 9.5 8.0 Trinidad and Tobago 5.2 5.5 4.2 3.8 3.7 6.9 8.3 7.9 12.1 7.3 5.0 5.0 14.5 5.0 5.0 Uruguay 35.2 4.4 14.0 19.4 9.2 4.7 6.4 8.1 7.9 7.0 6.7 5.0 9.2 6.4 6.5 Venezuela 43.3 12.5 22.4 31.1 21.7 16.0 13.7 18.7 30.4 36.4 43.5 55.5 30.9 42.0 45.0 1 In accordance with standard practice in the World Economic Outlook, movements in consumer prices are indicated as annual averages rather than as December December changes during the year, as is the practice in some countries. For many countries, figures for recent years are IMF staff estimates. Data for some countries are for fiscal years. 2 The percent changes in 2002 are calculated over a period of 18 months, reflecting a change in the fiscal year cycle (from July-June to January-December). 3 2007 represents an estimate. No data are shown for 2008 and beyond because Zimbabwe is in hyperinflation, and inflation can no longer be forecast in a meaningful way. Unless policies change, inflation has the potential increase without limit. 4 For many countries, inflation for the earlier years is measured on the basis of a retail price index. Consumer price index (CPI) inflation data with broader and more up-to-date coverage are typically used for more recent years. 5 Mongolia, which is not a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States, is included in this group for reasons of geography and similarities in economic structure. 202

FINANCIAL POLICIES: ADVANCED ECONOMIES Table A8. Major Advanced Economies: General Government Fiscal Balances and Debt 1 (Percent of GDP) 1993 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014 Major advanced economies Actual balance 2.7 4.8 4.2 3.4 2.4 2.3 4.6 10.4 8.7 4.6 Output gap 2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.2 5.1 6.1 1.0 Structural balance 2 2.5 3.5 3.1 2.6 2.1 1.8 3.4 5.1 5.3 3.2 United States Actual balance 1.6 4.8 4.4 3.3 2.2 2.9 6.1 13.6 9.7 4.7 Output gap 2 0.7 0.3 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.2 0.2 4.1 5.5 0.0 Structural balance 2 1.3 2.9 2.5 1.9 1.6 1.6 3.7 6.0 6.5 3.4 Net debt 46.2 41.5 43.0 43.4 42.5 43.2 49.9 61.7 70.4 83.4 Gross debt 64.9 61.2 62.2 62.5 61.9 63.1 70.5 87.0 97.5 106.7 Euro area Actual balance 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.5 1.3 0.7 1.8 5.4 6.1 3.3 Output gap 2 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.4 0.7 4.3 5.4 2.2 Structural balance 2 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.6 1.9 1.6 2.1 3.0 2.9 1.9 Net debt 59.2 59.5 60.0 60.3 58.3 52.2 54.1 62.2 68.0 74.9 Gross debt 68.6 68.7 69.0 69.6 67.9 65.8 69.1 78.9 85.0 91.4 Germany 3 Actual balance 2.4 4.0 3.8 3.3 1.5 0.5 0.1 4.7 6.1 1.4 Output gap 2 0.0 1.7 1.9 2.3 0.8 0.3 0.3 5.8 7.2 2.7 Structural balance 2,4 2.0 3.2 2.8 2.3 1.2 0.5 0.3 2.0 2.5 0.0 Net debt 48.9 57.7 60.0 61.8 60.2 57.0 60.6 70.9 78.0 83.2 Gross debt 56.1 62.8 64.7 66.4 66.0 63.6 67.2 79.4 86.6 91.0 France Actual balance 3.5 4.1 3.6 3.0 2.4 2.7 3.4 6.2 6.5 4.6 Output gap 2 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.3 4.5 5.2 2.5 Structural balance 2,4 3.3 4.0 3.5 3.3 2.5 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.0 Net debt 46.6 53.2 55.3 56.7 53.9 54.2 57.6 65.2 70.6 80.0 Gross debt 56.0 62.9 65.0 66.4 63.6 63.9 67.3 74.9 80.3 89.7 Italy Actual balance 4.7 3.5 3.5 4.3 3.3 1.5 2.7 5.4 5.9 4.5 Output gap 2 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.6 1.3 0.3 5.1 5.7 2.4 Structural balance 2,4 4.8 3.5 3.8 4.2 3.7 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.3 Net debt 109.8 101.5 100.8 102.6 102.4 100.5 102.7 111.9 117.5 125.6 Gross debt 114.9 104.4 103.8 105.8 106.5 103.5 105.8 115.3 121.1 129.4 Japan Actual balance 5.5 8.0 6.2 5.0 4.0 2.5 5.6 9.9 9.8 7.1 Excluding social security 6.8 8.1 6.6 5.4 4.1 2.4 4.6 8.5 8.2 5.8 Output gap 2 0.8 2.2 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.3 1.6 8.0 7.9 1.2 Structural balance 2 5.2 7.1 5.7 4.7 3.8 2.6 5.0 6.5 6.5 6.7 Excluding social security 6.8 7.6 6.4 5.2 4.0 2.4 4.3 6.6 6.4 5.6 Net debt 42.8 76.5 82.7 84.6 84.3 80.4 87.8 103.6 114.8 136.3 Gross debt 117.3 167.2 178.1 191.6 191.3 187.7 196.3 217.2 227.4 234.2 United Kingdom Actual balance 2.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 2.6 2.6 5.4 9.8 10.9 6.4 Output gap 2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.6 5.5 6.6 2.8 Structural balance 2 2.2 2.9 3.4 3.0 2.6 2.8 5.0 6.7 6.1 0.9 Net debt 37.6 33.7 35.6 37.4 38.2 38.3 45.5 56.8 66.9 83.0 Gross debt 43.1 38.5 40.3 42.1 43.3 44.1 51.9 62.7 72.7 87.8 Canada Actual balance 1.8 0.1 0.9 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.4 3.4 3.6 0.4 Output gap 2 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.4 1.1 1.5 0.2 4.3 4.7 0.0 Structural balance 2 1.6 0.3 0.9 1.4 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.4 Net debt 58.7 38.7 34.5 30.0 26.4 23.2 21.9 26.2 29.1 26.8 Gross debt 92.6 76.6 72.4 70.5 67.9 64.2 63.6 75.4 77.2 66.2 Note: The methodology and specific assumptions for each country are discussed in Box A1 in this Statistical Appendix. 1 Debt data refer to the end of the year. Debt data are not always comparable across countries. 2 Percent of potential GDP. 3 Beginning in 1995, the debt and debt-service obligations of the Treuhandanstalt (and of various other agencies) were taken over by the general government. This debt is equivalent to 8 percent of GDP, and the associated debt service to ½ to 1 percent of GDP. 4 Excludes one-off receipts from the sale of mobile telephone licenses (the equivalent of 2.5 percent of GDP in 2000 for Germany, 0.1 percent of GDP in 2001 and 2002 for France, and 1.2 percent of GDP in 2000 for Italy). Also excludes one-off receipts from sizable asset transactions, in particular 0.5 percent of GDP for France in 2005. 203

Statistical appendix Table A9. Summary of World Trade Volumes and Prices (Annual percent change) Trade in goods and services Ten-Year s 1991 2000 2001 10 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 World trade 1 Volume 7.1 3.5 0.3 3.5 5.4 10.7 7.7 9.2 7.2 3.3 11.0 0.6 Price deflator In U.S. dollars 0.9 3.3 3.6 1.2 10.4 9.7 5.5 5.2 8.0 11.5 14.6 2.6 In SDRs 0.6 2.2 0.1 0.6 2.1 3.8 5.7 5.6 3.8 8.0 9.0 3.6 Volume of trade Exports Advanced economies 6.9 2.2 0.4 2.4 3.4 9.1 6.2 8.5 6.1 1.8 13.5 0.5 Emerging and developing economies 8.4 6.5 2.4 7.0 10.5 14.2 10.8 10.9 9.5 6.0 6.4 1.2 Imports Advanced economies 7.0 2.2 0.4 2.7 4.2 9.3 6.4 7.6 4.7 0.4 12.1 0.4 Emerging and developing economies 7.3 7.5 3.1 6.2 10.2 16.0 12.2 13.2 14.0 10.9 8.8 0.6 Terms of trade Advanced economies 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.9 1.0 0.1 1.5 1.1 0.4 2.0 1.5 0.2 Emerging and developing economies 0.2 1.2 2.3 0.4 1.2 3.1 5.9 4.1 1.2 4.4 8.0 2.3 Trade in goods World trade 1 Volume 7.5 3.5 0.4 3.7 6.3 11.0 7.5 9.3 6.6 3.2 11.5 0.7 Price deflator In U.S. dollars 1.1 3.3 3.8 0.6 9.9 9.8 6.2 5.7 8.2 12.3 15.4 2.8 In SDRs 0.8 2.2 0.4 1.1 1.6 3.8 6.4 6.2 4.0 8.7 9.9 3.8 World trade prices in U.S. dollars 2 Manufactures 1.3 3.8 3.4 2.1 14.4 8.8 3.6 3.7 8.8 9.6 8.9 1.7 Oil 2.1 8.3 13.8 2.5 15.8 30.7 41.3 20.5 10.7 36.4 46.4 20.2 Nonfuel primary commodities 1.7 3.6 4.8 1.9 5.9 15.2 6.1 23.2 14.1 7.5 27.9 4.4 Food 2.3 4.5 2.0 3.5 6.3 14.0 0.9 10.5 15.2 23.4 19.4 0.8 Beverages 1.3 4.4 13.3 24.3 4.8 0.9 18.1 8.4 13.8 23.3 13.6 11.4 Agricultural raw materials 0.4 0.6 3.4 0.2 0.6 4.1 0.5 8.8 5.0 0.8 21.7 4.4 Metals 1.7 5.5 10.3 3.5 11.8 34.6 22.4 56.2 17.4 8.0 45.4 15.9 World trade prices in SDRs 2 Manufactures 1.0 2.7 0.1 0.4 5.7 2.9 3.8 4.2 4.6 6.1 3.0 2.7 Oil 2.4 7.1 10.7 0.8 7.1 23.6 41.6 21.0 6.4 32.1 42.9 21.4 Nonfuel primary commodities 1.4 2.5 1.3 0.2 2.1 9.0 6.3 23.8 9.6 4.1 23.2 5.4 Food 2.0 3.4 1.5 1.8 1.7 7.8 0.7 11.0 10.7 19.5 14.2 1.8 Beverages 1.0 3.3 10.2 22.2 3.1 6.3 18.3 8.8 9.4 19.4 7.9 10.5 Agricultural raw materials 0.1 1.7 0.1 1.9 7.0 1.6 0.8 9.3 0.9 3.9 16.6 5.4 Metals 1.4 4.3 7.0 5.1 3.3 27.3 22.7 56.9 12.8 10.9 41.8 17.1 World trade prices in euros 2 Manufactures 1.9 0.3 0.3 3.1 4.5 1.1 3.4 2.9 0.3 2.1 2.3 2.1 Oil 5.4 4.6 11.1 2.8 3.3 18.9 41.0 19.5 1.4 27.1 39.8 20.6 Nonfuel primary commodities 1.6 0.1 1.8 3.3 11.6 4.8 5.9 22.3 4.5 0.1 19.0 4.7 Food 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.8 11.2 3.7 1.1 9.6 5.6 14.9 9.5 1.2 Beverages 1.9 0.9 10.5 17.9 12.5 9.9 17.8 7.5 4.2 14.8 2.9 11.1 Agricultural raw materials 2.9 4.0 0.4 5.4 16.0 5.3 0.3 8.0 3.8 7.6 12.0 4.7 Metals 1.5 1.9 7.4 8.4 6.7 22.4 22.2 55.0 7.5 14.3 38.7 16.3 204

FOREIGN TRADE: SUMMARY Table A9 (concluded) Ten-Year s 1991 2000 2001 10 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Trade in goods Volume of trade Exports Advanced economies 7.2 1.9 1.2 2.4 4.0 9.0 5.7 8.7 5.2 1.5 14.4 0.4 Emerging and developing economies 8.4 6.3 1.8 6.9 11.4 14.3 10.7 10.8 8.9 6.1 7.2 1.1 Fuel exporters 3.3 3.8 0.4 2.3 11.8 9.3 5.1 4.1 3.5 4.4 4.9 3.1 Nonfuel exporters 10.6 7.2 2.3 8.5 11.3 16.0 12.8 13.6 11.3 6.8 8.3 0.3 Imports Advanced economies 7.6 2.1 1.2 3.1 5.0 9.7 6.3 7.9 4.1 0.0 12.7 0.9 Emerging and developing economies 7.4 7.7 2.8 6.3 11.5 16.9 12.6 12.6 13.7 10.9 8.7 0.7 Fuel exporters 0.4 12.0 16.0 9.0 9.2 15.5 17.4 15.0 20.4 18.5 2.9 4.0 Nonfuel exporters 9.8 6.8 0.6 5.7 12.0 17.2 11.6 12.1 12.3 9.2 10.0 0.1 Price deflators in SDRs Exports Advanced economies 1.3 1.6 0.2 0.9 2.6 3.0 3.7 4.2 3.9 6.1 7.8 2.5 Emerging and developing economies 1.3 3.9 1.1 0.1 1.2 7.3 14.3 11.0 5.0 13.6 16.0 7.3 Fuel exporters 3.1 6.6 7.4 0.9 4.7 17.4 33.5 18.6 7.9 26.0 34.6 16.8 Nonfuel exporters 0.9 2.7 1.3 0.4 0.0 3.8 7.2 7.7 3.7 8.3 7.0 3.6 Imports Advanced economies 1.4 1.8 0.7 1.9 1.4 3.2 5.6 5.6 3.5 8.6 9.2 2.7 Emerging and developing economies 1.5 2.6 1.0 0.8 0.1 4.0 6.9 6.6 4.0 9.1 8.3 4.5 Fuel exporters 1.5 3.1 0.6 0.6 0.8 4.3 7.2 7.5 4.5 7.1 4.7 3.5 Nonfuel exporters 1.3 2.5 1.0 1.0 0.2 4.0 6.9 6.5 3.9 9.6 9.1 4.8 Terms of trade Advanced economies 0.1 0.1 0.5 1.0 1.2 0.2 1.8 1.4 0.4 2.4 1.5 0.2 Emerging and developing economies 0.2 1.2 2.1 0.7 1.2 3.2 6.9 4.1 0.9 4.0 8.4 2.7 Regional groups Africa 0.1 1.9 3.6 0.2 2.9 3.7 15.0 10.2 0.7 12.6 24.6 8.2 Central and eastern Europe 0.1 1.0 4.2 0.6 0.0 1.6 0.8 1.8 1.5 1.1 7.6 0.9 Commonwealth of Independent States 3 0.1 3.9 2.6 2.0 9.0 12.1 14.7 8.9 2.3 17.7 24.6 10.6 Developing Asia 0.6 0.2 1.0 0.7 0.6 2.0 0.8 0.3 0.5 3.0 5.4 1.9 Middle East 2.1 2.3 8.5 1.8 0.2 9.6 25.1 5.9 1.3 13.4 27.7 11.1 Western Hemisphere 0.2 1.4 4.0 1.3 2.9 5.7 5.6 8.6 2.1 3.7 11.5 1.6 Analytical groups By source of export earnings Fuel exporters 1.6 3.4 8.0 0.3 3.8 12.6 24.5 10.3 3.2 17.7 31.4 12.9 Nonfuel exporters 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.4 1.2 0.2 1.2 2.3 1.2 World exports in billions of U.S. dollars Goods and services 6,108 13,073 7,615 7,995 9,312 11,304 12,840 14,774 17,149 19,694 14,768 15,280 Goods 4,870 10,446 6,078 6,356 7,428 9,023 10,294 11,907 13,738 15,875 11,661 12,101 oil price 4 2.1 8.3 13.8 2.5 15.8 30.7 41.3 20.5 10.7 36.4 46.4 20.2 In U.S. dollars a barrel 18.73 51.62 24.3 25.0 28.9 37.8 53.4 64.3 71.1 97.0 52.0 62.5 Export unit value of manufactures 5 1.3 3.8 3.4 2.1 14.4 8.8 3.6 3.7 8.8 9.6 8.9 1.7 1 of annual percent change for world exports and imports. 2 As represented, respectively, by the export unit value index for manufactures of the advanced economies; the average of U.K. Brent, Dubai, and West Texas Intermediate crude oil prices; and the average of world market prices for nonfuel primary commodities weighted by their 2002 04 shares in world commodity exports. 3 Mongolia, which is not a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States, is included in this group for reasons of geography and similarities in economic structure. 4 of U.K. Brent, Dubai, and West Texas Intermediate crude oil prices. 5 For manufactures exported by the advanced economies. 205

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