Nanotechnology for Automotive Carlo Vittorio Folonari Executive Vice President, Technologies Division Centro Ricerche Fiat, Torino
INTEGRATION OF MICRO AND NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AUTOMOTIVE, (ROBOTIC, AERO-SPACE ) Lighting and on-board information New lighting sources Thin film and wearable display Optical switches, Electro-optical films Sensors Navigation-control, MOEMS-NEMS Nanomagnetics films - Spintronics High transmittance polymer IR lenses High sensitivity IR sensors Micro Power-Energy High efficiency solar cells Hydrogen storage Innovative fuels Energy accumulators Electrochemical conversion, fuel cells Microreators - microcombustors Structural and functional Materials Shape memory alloys Nanocomposites. Self extinguishing materials Explosives for welding/sealing New cooling fluids and MR-fluids Air filters Active Interior tissues Coatings High resistance coatings Antiadehesion coatings Iridescent coatings...new colors Low friction, nanocatalitic (eng.) Nanotubes based vernices Nanofabrication of 3D structures High aspect ratio 3-D structures Nanostereolitography
OPTICS AND PHOTONICS FOR LIGHTING Interior luggage light Taillights, parking lights High mounted stop light Courtesy and interior lights Door light Side lights Headlamps Considerable Improvment of the Overall electrical to optical efficiency Currently ~ 1% By the development of diffractive and microoptics, new light sources and their integration with Power Supply
CONFORMABLE LIGHTING by the integration of microoptics and microsources Chip on glass/plastic bonding Embedded packaging Final lighting system Reflecting coating Nanophosphors Epoxy Chip on glass/plastic Example of reflector design CRF patents ADVANTAGES Uniformity through nano-phosphors Cost and weight reduction Compactness High freedom design Flexible and conformal devices
MICROLAMPS AND MICROTELESCOPES FOR LIGHTING Microlamp Reflective surface or TIR Microlamp US Patent 5,884,995 - sett. 1995 US Patent 5,841,596 - sett. 1995
NANOSTRUCTURED METALLIC SOURCES 2001: First prototype of a point source matrix CHARACTERISTICS: Matrix of point like sources large area Thin film devices Comparable performance with state fo the art white LEDs Low cost fabrication process
ELECTROSTATIC SHUTTER DISPLAYS Working principle Flexible layer V DISPLAY DEVICES SiO R SiO Rigid electrode Glass substrate V=0 between and flexible layer between rigid electrode Flexible layer LIGHT Glass substrate V= V 0 between r and flexible layer between rigid electrode Low resolution 16x16 ( pixel 0.850x0.4mm 2 ) Mid resolution 32x32 ( pixel 0.46x0.22mm 2 ) High resolution 32x32 ( pixel 0.32x0.23mm 2 ) CRF patents applied for light control and already licenced for high accuracy infrared spectrometry.
THE DISAPPEARING COCKPIT versatile, interactive, adaptive to the environment, high visual confort, wide field of view Micro-optical light guide (CRF patent) Microcamera Brightness sensor RF Tx/Rx module CPU Battery Microphone IMU Speakers Primary display unit (s) Under Development in partnership with LUXOTTICA
APPLICATIONS OF SMAS IN VEHICLES Climate control Technology: SMA Direct Injection Technology : Piezo Rear view mirrors tecnology: SMA Active noise and vibration control tecnology: Piezoelectric, SMA, MR fluids Active aerodynamics tecnologia: SMA Door Latches tecnology: SMA, Battery cut-off tecnology: SMA Smart bumper tecnology: Piezoelectric Valves control tecnology: SMA Active Front-end tecnology: SMA Seats latches tecnology: SMA, Active dampers tecnology: MR fluids
SHAPE MEMORY INTEGRATED LOCK WITH ELECTRICAL ACTUATION Main advantages: Electrical and mechanical operation in one Direct linear movement and force without any external moving parts Flexible and scalable High reliability Low Weight and Low Cost Noiseless operation Low EMI Mechanical Backup SMA Actuator Through the collaboration with: CNR (Lecco), the Saes Group, The Sila Group, Oxford Automotive, We aim to be the largest European manufacturers of SMA materials and products by 2004. The agreement with Oxford automotive
NANO MR-FLUIDS Nano-magnets Embedded on micro-particles Nanomagnets N S Substrate Without magnetic field With magnetic field 1000 nm ADVANTAGES OF WORKING WITH NANOMAGNETS OVER MICRO PARTICLES - Reduced wear - Reduced aggregation - Reduced power consumption - Faster response time APPLICATIONS High speed mechanical components Active Dampers Brakes Clutches ( success depends on the mechanical design ) Solutions of active rotative dampers patented by CRF are under advanced experimentation
ADVANCED NANO-STRUCTURED CATALYSTS CATALYSED DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTERS optimised contact between diesel soot and catalyst due to the nano-scaled morphology similar to the particulates size lower filter regeneration temperature (below to 450 C) Nano-structured catalyst layer (Pt-CeO X ) Exhaust gas Diesel Particulate agglomerates 50 nm Ceramic support Goal: to meet EURO IV and EURO V emissions standard Start of production in 2004 for passenger cars CRF Patents
SPINTRONICS: APPLICATIONS Engine control sensors (injection flux sensor, actuators) Fluid-level sensor Air-Bag sensor Steering angle sensor Suspension positioning systems Seat occupancy Shafts torque sensing for combustion quality Tires: pressure, temperature. Sensors Rotation/acceleration sensor for ABS differential gear Climatic control sensor, central locking, mirror positioning, etc. On-Board electronics self-testing Many applications for positioning systems gyroscopes and accelerometers
POSITIONING SENSING Possible applications: Linear /Angular acceleration sensor Relative/Absolute linear/angular position measurements Linear/Angular speed measurements Linear /Angular acceleration measurements Advantages: High precision Cost effective Digital output Non-contact measurements Programmable output Low weight N NS NS SN S S NS SN NS N H H H H H H H H Ferromagnetic Spacer Ferromagnetic Sandwich Structure Voltage output change
GMR BASED BRAKING BY WIRE SYSTEM Advantages: Smaller size and weight Faster response No hydraulic connections Fully programmable LIN compatible Current solution CRF solution µp Compressor/actuator Electronic driver Actual architecture, entirely hydraulic System Architecture
POWER DENSITY FOR DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES Device Power Density (MW/m 3 ) Micro-lithium 0.4 Micro solar cells 1 3500 Micro electric motors (need power supply) DMFC 2 PEM-FC 8 1.7 Micro reactors on Silicon 20 Large scale combustors (cars..) 40 Micro channel reactors (metal) 150 Micro-magnetic motors 200 Aircraft engines 1500 Specific Energy (W h/kg) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 nominal high MIT Silicon micro turbine 2300 0 Pulsed micro combustors CRF 2000-10000 NiMH Zn/Air Li-Ion Li-polymer Methanol FC Cell Type
PROTOTYPES AND CRF PATENTS ON MATRICES OF MICROFUEL CELLS ON FILM 20A 31 25 23 20B MP MP FC FC FC FC 30A 30 30B 21 24 26 Fig. 2 20 22 26A Processor Fuel Inlet IC Fuel Outlet Power Output Micropump Supercapacitor DMFC
MICRO COMBUSTOR (IN COLLABORATION WITH OLIVETTI I-JET) Fuel tank (nanoparticle fuel) Micro injection system Catalytic combustor Fuel injection driver CRF has patented solutions having a movable element (figure) and others where chemical energy is directly converted into electrical energy.
TECHNOLOGICAL PLATFORM: PATENTED CONFIGURATION OF A MICRO FLYING AUTONOMOUS ROBOT BASED ON TWO DUCTED FANS Inertial navigation, motors control, stabilisation system Microcameras for vision, optical flow and Obstacle avoidance WLan and bluetooth communication system m. fuel cell power supply for Electronic component Strutural nanocomposite density ~0.12