Bunkering With New Fuels Building on Strong Foundations. Intertek ShipCare Services. Michael Green. Global Technical Manager Bunker Fuel Testing. 1
Sulphur Regulations Marpol Annex VI Marpol Annex VI introduced 19 th May 2005 First major step in regulating marine emissions Introduced emission restrictions on a regional & global level ECAs - As far as requirements within an ECA are concerned, the sulphur content of fuel oil used on board ships shall not exceed the following limits: 0.10% m/m on and after 1 st January 2015 Global Regulations - The Sulphur content of any fuel oil used on board ships shall not exceed the following limits: 0.50% on or after the 1 st January 2020 2
Fuel Standards ISO 8217:2010 & 2012 ISO 8217:2010-4 th Edition marine standard was released 15/06/2010. The 2010 edition was based on the previous 2005 spec but with a number of changes to reflect the development of the industry and to ensure fuel quality. Residuals Changes to residual grading and grade requirements Additional test parameters H 2 S Distillates Changes to distillate grades and grade requirements Additional test parameters Lubricity, Oxidation Stability & H 2 S ISO 8217:2012 5 th Edition marine standard was released 15/08/2012 The revision was based on the ISO 8217:2010 spec but updated to take into account the precision data for Hydrogen Sulphide analysis of distillate fuels and changes to Pour Point requirements for DMX grade fuel. 3
Fuel Standards ISO 8217:2010 & 2012 ISO - 2005 vs 2010 / 2012 100 80 60 40 % of ISO 8217 : 2005 Samples % of ISO 8217 : 2010 / 2012 Samples 20 0 Q1 2014 Q2 2014 Q3 2014 Q4 2014 Q1 2015 Q2 2015 Fuel Spec Q1 2014 Q2 2014 Q3 2014 Q4 2014 Q1 2015 Q2 2015 % of ISO 8217 : 2005 Samples 97.4 97.2 96.7 95.7 95.0 96.0 % of ISO8217 : 2010 / 2012 Samples 2.6 2.8 3.3 4.3 5.0 4.0 4
Why buy ISO 8217 : 2012? Greater protection for owners / operators! Additional tests, such as Lubricity and Oxidation Stability give greater insight into potential concerns. Lubricity analysis for distillate fuels if sulphur level below 500ppm (0.05% m/m) ULS MGO can have greatly reduced lubricant properties as a result of treatment processes Oxidation Stability - Measures inherent stability of distillate products Reduced stability can be as a result of additional treatment processes or through the presence of bio-derived material. 5
Lubricity ISO 12156-1, IP450 6
Distillate Fuels Quality Issues? 2015 ECA 0.10% = increased demand for distillate product. Not all distillate fuels are low Sulphur; therefore lower Sulphur content requires additional treatment processes Treatment processes can have a detrimental effect on final fuel quality causing issues such as: Lubricity Issues Reduced Oxidation Stability Poor combustion characteristics Possible presence of FAME Reduced Flash point 7
Distillate Fuels Quality Issues? Widespread issues relating to lubricity, oxidation stability etc. have yet to be seen. However, some issues with Cold Flow Properties have been noted. Cloud Point - temperature at which the distillate fuel becomes slightly opaque in appearance - wax crystals begin to come out of solution. Cold Filter Plugging Point - is defined as the highest temperature at which a given volume of fuel will fail to pass through a standardized filtration device in a specified time, when cooled under specified conditions. Pour Point - is stated as being the lowest temperature at which oil ceases to flow upon cooling. 8
Distillate Fuels Quality Issues? 9
FAME Automotive Fuel FAME Fatty Acid Methyl Ester 10
Distillate Fuels Quality Issues? Sample Submission Rates Oct-14 Nov-14 Dec-14 Jan-15 Feb-15 Mar-15 Residual 80% 79% 72% 60% 62% 63% Distillate 20% 21% 28% 40% 38% 37% 11
Fuels Quality 2014 /2015 2014 / 2015 Q1 2014 Q2 2014 Q3 2014 Q4 2014 Q1 2015 Q2 2015 > ISO 8217 Limits 25.1% 27.8% 26.0% 25.0% 17.9% 17.5% 12
Fuels Quality 2014 /2015 2015 Q1 2015 Q2 2015 > ISO 8217 Limits 17.9% 17.5% > 95% Conf 6.1% 6.6% 13
Fuels Quality 2014 /2015 Q1 2015 Residual Distillate > ISO Limits 24.2% 7.8% > 95% Confidence 7.0% 4.8% Q2 2015 Residual Distillate > ISO Limits 24.3% 5.8% > 95% Confidence 8.5% 3.4% 14
Hybrid Fuels. New fuels designed to meet the 0.10% max Sulphur ECA limit. Typical test properties of products examined show a strong similarity to low viscosity residual products. Tested density in the region of 860-920kg/m³ Viscosity in the region of 8.0 50.0 cst Low overall metal content High Pour Point Possible compatibility issues? 15
Hybrid Fuels Test Data ISO 8217 16
Hybrid Fuels Test Data FIA 17
Hybrid Fuels Combustion Profile Hybrid Fuel ECN > 40 vs Residual Fuel ECN 18.9 18
2015 Fuel Quality Significant change in buying / analysis patterns since end 2014 / beginning 2015. Overall improvement in quality removal of 1.00% m/m sulphur fuels. A significant reduction in traditional quality issues. An increase in different quality issues. Wider use of Hybrid fuels. THANK YOU. 19