C.1 CONSTRUCTION APPENDIX C AIR QUALITY Construction activities associated with the Proposed Action are set to begin July 2020 and be completed by May 2023. Potential sources of construction emissions include construction vehicles and equipment. The Proposed Action construction is composed of six phases throughout four years as detailed in Table C-1. Table C-1 CONSTRUCTION PHASING PHASE DURATION (MONTHS) INPUT UNIT 2020 1 Building - Demolition 3 22,800 SF 1 Fencing 1 15,000 linear feet 1 Taxiway Construction 6 1,782,000 SF 2021 1 Taxiway Construction 3 445,500 SF 2 Demolition - Pavement 1 336,000 SF 2 Taxiway Construction 10 3,779,850 SF 2 Runway Construction 1 143,000 SF 3 Single Story Concrete Masonry Unit* 2 10,000 SF 4a Fencing 2 28,250 linear feet 4b Demolition - Pavement 1 595,000 SF 4b Drainage Basin 1 200,000 SF 4b Drainage Basin 1 200,000 SF 4b Fencing Removal 1 8,500 linear feet 4b Taxiway 11 13,200,000 SF 4b Runway 11 6,600,000 SF 2022 4b Taxiway 1 300,000 SF 4b Runway 1 150,000 SF 5 Demolition - Pavement 1 336,000 SF 2023 5 NAVAIDS 2 1,650,000 SF 5 Taxiway Construction 5 480,000 SF 5 Terminal Apron - Markings 1 8,800,000 SF Source: Landrum & Brown analysis, 2017; Airfield Safety Enhancement Implementation Study, Tucson International Airport, 2015. Page C-1
On-road construction vehicle trips, including construction employee vehicle trips to and from the job site, material delivery trips, and off-site hauling trips were estimated. Average employee roundtrip were estimated to be 30 miles. The average material delivery roundtrip from the construction site to material site was estimated to be 40 miles and that the material delivery trucks take two trips per day. Total vehicle miles traveled (VMT) for each type of non-road construction activity during each construction year are provided in Table C-2. Table C-2 ON-ROAD CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE TRIPS ON-ROAD VEHICLE VMT 2020 Employee Commute 316,932 Material Delivery 316,933 2021 Employee Commute 1,966,698 Material Delivery 2,092,873 2022 Employee Commute 89,654 Material Delivery 150,875 2023 Employee Commute 242,038 Material Delivery 105,100 Source: Landrum & Brown analysis, 2018. Page C-2
Total hours of activity for each equipment type during each construction year are provided in Table C-3. Table C-3 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT USE EQUIPMENT TYPE HORSEPOWER (HP) HOURS OF 2020 Cement & Mortar Mixers 600 0.59 167 Chain Saws > 6 HP 11 0.7 152 Chippers/Stump Grinders 100 0.43 152 Crawler Tractor/Dozers 250 0.8 6,376 Dumpers/Tenders 1,200 1.18 8,222 Excavators 350 1.18 3,035 Generator Sets 40 0.43 2,736 Graders 300 0.59 62 Off-highway Trucks 1,800 1.77 5,695 Other Construction Equipment 775 1.02 1,017 Pavers 175 0.59 62 Pumps 11 0.43 7 Rollers 100 0.59 650 Scrapers 600 0.59 206 Skid Steer Loaders 75 0.21 728 Surfacing Equipment 25 0.59 79 2021 Aerial Lifts 250 1.01 1,760 Air Compressors 100 0.43 1,386 Cement & Mortar Mixers 1,200 1.18 6,488 Chain Saws > 6 HP 11 0.7 1,627 Chippers/Stump Grinders 100 0.43 1,627 Concrete/Industrial Saws 40 0.59 1,386 Cranes 300 0.43 240 Crawler Tractor/Dozers 175 0.59 11,962 Dumpers/Tenders 1,200 1.18 27,521 Excavators 525 1.77 5,984 Forklifts 100 0.59 1,640 Graders 300 0.59 655 Off-highway Trucks 4,200 4.13 58,138 Other Construction Equipment 775 1.02 22,286 Pavers 350 1.18 1,634 Pumps 11 0.43 586 Rollers 100 0.59 7,169 Rubber Tire Loaders 175 0.59 1,386 Skid Steer Loaders 75 0.21 3,326 Scrapers 600 0.59 2,939 Surfacing Equipment 25 0.59 1,704 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2,175 2.78 6,776 Page C-3
Table C-3, Continued CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT USE EQUIPMENT TYPE HORSEPOWER (HP) HOURS OF 2022 Air Compressors 100 0.43 111 Cement & Mortar Mixers 600 0.59 490 Chain Saws > 6 HP 11 0.7 132 Chippers/Stump Grinders 100 0.43 132 Concrete/Industrial Saws 40 0.59 111 Crawler Tractor/Dozers 175 0.59 921 Dumpers/Tenders 1,200 1.18 2,040 Excavators 525 1.77 1,143 Graders 300 0.59 53 Off-highway Trucks 2,400 2.36 5,041 Other Construction Equipment 775 1.02 1,659 Pavers 350 1.18 132 Pumps 11 0.43 44 Rollers 100 0.59 552 Rubber Tire Loaders 175 0.59 111 Scrapers 600 0.59 208 Skid Steer Loaders 75 0.21 170 Surfacing Equipment 25 0.59 138 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 275 0.8 401 2023 Air Compressors 100 0.43 113 Cement & Mortar Mixers 600 0.59 383 Chain Saws > 6 HP 11 0.7 71 Chippers/Stump Grinders 100 0.43 71 Concrete/Industrial Saws 40 0.59 89 Cranes 300 0.43 16 Crawler Tractor/Dozers 175 0.59 520 Dumpers/Tenders 1,200 1.18 1,085 Excavators 175 0.59 144 Graders 300 0.59 28 Off-highway Trucks 2,400 2.36 93,753 Other Construction Equipment 775 1.02 46,224 Pavers 175 0.59 89 Pumps 11 0.43 24 Rollers 100 0.59 279 Rubber Tire Loaders 175 0.59 89 Scrapers 600 0.59 111 Skid Steer Loaders 75 0.21 131 Surfacing Equipment 25 0.59 89 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 275 0.8 258 Source: Landrum & Brown analysis, 2018. Page C-4
C.2 EMISSION S Emissions for on-road and non-road construction equipment were estimated separately following standard industry practices. Emissions from on-road construction vehicles/equipment were calculated using the methodologies outlined in U.S. EPA AP-42 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors fifth Edition, Volume II: Mobile Sources. Emission factors for on-road construction equipment were developed using the latest version of the Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES2014a) developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). For the employee vehicle trips, the model was run using gasoline passenger cars. For the material delivery and off-site haul vehicle trips, diesel combination long-haul trucks were assumed in order to estimate maximum potential emissions. Table C-4 presents the MOVES2014 emission factors used to calculate emissions for on-road construction equipment for 2023, which were used for all years of the project. Table C-4 ON-ROAD CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT EMISSION S ON-ROAD VEHICLE GRAMS PER VMT CO VOC NOX SOX PM10 PM2.5 CO2 Employee Commute 4.97 0.13 0.49 0.007 0.010 0.009 467.8 Material Delivery 2.00 0.43 7.28 0.017 0.25 0.23 2541.1 Source: MOVES2014a, Landrum & Brown analysis, 2018. Emission factors for non-road construction equipment were developed using MOVES2014a developed by the EPA. Emission factors associated with diesel engine vary by equipment and horsepower. Therefore, emission factors were assigned by equipment type and average horsepower. Non-road construction equipment emissions were calculated based on the number of operating hours of equipment use and the emission factors. Table C-5 presents the MOVES2014 emission factors used to calculate emissions for non-road construction equipment for 2023, which were applied for all years of the project. Potential on-road construction emissions were estimated by multiplying the VMT data by the appropriate emission factors and the necessary conversion factors to present the emissions in tons. Potential non-road construction emissions were estimated by multiplying the estimated number of operating hours of each equipment type by the load factor, appropriate emission factors, and the necessary conversion factors to present the emissions in tons. The on-road and non-road construction emissions by year and equipment type are provided in Table C-6 and Table C-7. Page C-5
Table C-5 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT EMISSION S EQUIPMENT TYPE HP GRAMS PER HOUR OF CO VOC NOx SOx PM10 PM2.5 CO2 CH4 Aerial Lifts 75 0.21 302.2 55.7 255.0 0.3 38.8 37.6 58,207 2.2 Aerial Lifts 100 0.59 302.2 55.7 255.0 0.3 38.8 37.6 58,207 2.2 Air Compressors 100 0.43 58.5 15.4 88.8 0.3 7.2 7.0 49,466 1.2 Cement & Mortar Mixers 600 0.59 261.9 86.5 963.5 1.2 35.8 34.7 213,395 5.1 Chain Saws > 6 HP* 11 0.7 1811.7 467.2 10.4 0.0 66.4 61.1 4,672 8.1 Chippers/Stump Grinders 100 0.43 114.0 25.5 197.5 0.3 18.3 17.8 49,796 1.3 Concrete/Industrial Saws 40 0.59 12.5 6.5 132.1 0.1 1.2 1.2 25,735 0.6 Cranes 300 0.43 30.4 38.3 140.2 0.6 5.0 4.9 126,125 3.2 Crawler Tractor/ Dozers 75 0.21 29.7 8.7 175.1 0.2 2.1 2.0 34,540 0.8 Crawler Tractor/ Dozers 175 0.59 25.7 21.5 55.2 0.4 3.3 3.2 73,004 1.8 Dumpers/Tenders 600 0.59 172.2 54.5 307.0 0.4 35.0 33.9 68,577 2.7 Excavators 175 0.59 22.1 21.5 47.3 0.4 2.2 2.1 73,809 1.8 Forklifts 100 0.59 33.8 13.3 24.1 0.2 0.9 0.9 50,924 1.1 Generator Sets 40 0.43 27.7 8.5 123.9 0.1 5.0 4.9 19,717 0.6 Graders 300 0.59 32.7 36.2 87.4 0.6 3.5 3.4 124,017 3.0 Off-highway Trucks 600 0.59 62.9 65.4 140.1 1.1 5.0 4.9 225,237 5.4 Other Construction Equipment 175 0.43 62.9 39.5 194.9 0.6 10.2 9.9 125,349 3.2 Other Construction Equipment 600 0.59 311.0 82.3 727.4 1.3 43.2 41.9 237,373 6.0 Pavers 175 0.59 29.7 21.6 65.5 0.4 4.4 4.3 72,199 1.8 Pumps 11 0.43 37.7 5.4 37.4 0.0 3.1 3.0 4,981 0.4 Rollers 100 0.59 32.2 21.5 75.7 0.4 5.2 5.0 70,910 1.8 Rubber Tire Loaders 175 0.59 42.4 36.9 124.4 0.6 5.6 5.4 123,371 3.1 Scrapers 600 0.59 128.8 67.9 340.4 1.1 16.5 16.0 226,626 5.6 Skid Steer Loaders 75 0.21 196.5 38.0 243.3 0.2 27.0 26.2 40,028 1.4 Surfacing Equipment 25 0.59 9.4 4.8 97.3 0.1 1.0 0.9 18,878 0.4 Tractors/Loaders/ Backhoes 100 0.21 151.0 46.9 242.4 0.4 30.5 29.6 75,492 3.0 Tractors/Loaders/ Backhoes 175 0.59 151.0 46.9 242.4 0.4 30.5 29.6 75,492 3.0 Tractors/Loaders/ Backhoes 600 0.59 200.3 69.2 372.7 0.7 35.6 34.6 125,115 4.4 Note: * Gasoline emission factors for chain saws were used because diesel emission factors were not available in MOVES2014a Source: MOVES2014a, Landrum & Brown analysis, 2018. Page C-6
Table C-6 ON-ROAD CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE ON-ROAD CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE VMT (SHORT TONS) CO VOC NOX SOX PM10 PM2.5 CO2* 2020 Employee Commute 316,932 1.74 0.05 0.17 0.003 0.004 0.003 148.25 Material Delivery 316,933 0.70 0.15 2.54 0.006 0088 0.081 805.36 On-Road 2020 Subtotal: 2.43 0.19 2.71 0.01 0.09 0.08 953.62 2021 Employee Commute 1,966,698 1077 0.28 1.06 0.016 0.023 0.020 919.98 Material Delivery 2,092,873 4.61 0.98 16.79 0.039 0.584 0.538 5,318.23 On-Road 2021 Subtotal: 15.38 1.27 17.85 0.06 0.61 0.56 6,238.21 2022 Employee Commute 89,654 0.49 0.01 0.05 0.001 0.001 0.001 41.94 Material Delivery 150,875 0.33 0.07 1.21 0.003 0.042 0.039 383.39 On-Road 2020 Subtotal: 0.82 0.08 1.26 0.00 0.04 0.04 425.33 2023 Employee Commute 242,038 1.33 0.04 0.13 0.002 0.003 0.002 113.22 Material Delivery 105,100 0.23 0.05 0.84 0.002 0.029 0.027 267.07 On-Road 2020 Subtotal: 1.56 0.08 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.03 380.29 Note: * CO2 reported in metric tons Source: Landrum & Brown analysis, 2018 Page C-7
Table C-7 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT TYPE EQUIPMENT HP HOURS OF (SHORT TONS) (METRIC TONS) CO VOC NOx SOx PM 10 PM 2.5 CO 2 CH 4 2020 Cement & Mortar Mixers 600 0.59 167 0.028 0.009 0.104 0.000 0.004 0.004 20.984 0.001 Chain Saws > 6 HP 11 0.7 152 0.213 0.055 0.001 0.000 0.008 0.007 0.498 0.001 Chippers/Stump Grinders 100 0.43 152 0.008 0.002 0.014 0.000 0.001 0.001 3.263 0.000 Crawler Tractor/Dozers 75 0.21 5472 0.038 0.011 0.222 0.000 0.003 0.003 39.691 0.001 Crawler Tractor/Dozers 175 0.59 904 0.015 0.013 0.032 0.000 0.002 0.002 38.938 0.001 Dumpers/Tenders 600 0.59 1649 0.185 0.058 0.329 0.000 0.037 0.036 66.730 0.003 Dumpers/Tenders 600 0.59 6572 0.736 0.233 1.312 0.002 0.149 0.145 265.919 0.011 Excavators 175 0.59 299 0.004 0.004 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 12.999 0.000 Excavators 175 0.59 2736 0.039 0.038 0.084 0.001 0.004 0.004 119.146 0.003 Generator Sets 40 0.43 2736 0.036 0.011 0.161 0.000 0.007 0.006 23.197 0.001 Graders 300 0.59 62 0.001 0.001 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.508 0.000 Off-highway Trucks 600 0.59 56 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 7.375 0.000 Off-highway Trucks 600 0.59 720 0.029 0.031 0.066 0.001 0.002 0.002 95.681 0.002 Off-highway Trucks 600 0.59 4920 0.201 0.209 0.448 0.003 0.016 0.016 653.784 0.016 Other Construction Equipment 175 0.43 962 0.029 0.018 0.089 0.000 0.005 0.005 51.844 0.001 Other Construction Equipment 600 0.59 56 0.011 0.003 0.026 0.000 0.002 0.002 7.773 0.000 Pavers 175 0.59 62 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.633 0.000 Pumps 11 0.43 7 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.015 0.000 Rollers 100 0.59 650 0.014 0.009 0.032 0.000 0.002 0.002 27.201 0.001 Scrapers 600 0.59 206 0.017 0.009 0.046 0.000 0.002 0.002 27.550 0.001 Skid Steer Loaders 75 0.21 728 0.033 0.006 0.041 0.000 0.005 0.004 6.124 0.000 Surfacing Equipment 25 0.59 79 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.881 0.000 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 100 0.21 732 0.026 0.008 0.041 0.000 0.005 0.005 11.610 0.000 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 175 0.59 165 0.016 0.005 0.026 0.000 0.003 0.003 7.339 0.000 Non-Road 2020 Subtotal: 1.684 0.738 3.101 0.008 0.258 0.250 1495.68 0.043 Page C-8
Table C-7, Continued CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT TYPE EQUIPMENT HP HOURS OF (SHORT TONS) (METRIC TONS) CO VOC NOx SOx PM 10 PM 2.5 CO 2 CH 4 2021 Aerial Lifts 75 0.21 120 0.008 0.002 0.007 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 Aerial Lifts 75 0.21 1200 0.084 0.015 0.071 0.000 0.011 0.010 0.001 0.001 Aerial Lifts 100 0.59 440 0.086 0.016 0.073 0.000 0.011 0.011 0.001 0.001 Air Compressors 100 0.43 1386 0.038 0.010 0.058 0.000 0.005 0.005 0.001 0.001 Cement & Mortar Mixers 600 0.59 60 0.010 0.003 0.038 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 Cement & Mortar Mixers 600 0.59 6428 1.095 0.362 4.028 0.005 0.150 0.145 0.019 0.019 Chain Saws > 6 HP 11 0.7 1627 2.275 0.587 0.013 0.000 0.083 0.077 0.009 0.009 Chippers/Stump Grinders 100 0.43 1627 0.088 0.020 0.152 0.000 0.014 0.014 0.001 0.001 Concrete/Industrial Saws 40 0.59 1386 0.011 0.006 0.119 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 Cranes 300 0.43 240 0.003 0.004 0.016 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 Crawler Tractor/Dozers 175 0.59 11962 0.200 0.167 0.430 0.003 0.026 0.025 0.013 0.013 Dumpers/Tenders 600 0.59 7257 0.813 0.257 1.449 0.002 0.165 0.160 0.012 0.012 Dumpers/Tenders 600 0.59 20264 2.270 0.718 4.046 0.005 0.461 0.447 0.033 0.033 Excavators 175 0.59 1241 0.036 0.035 0.076 0.001 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.003 Excavators 175 0.59 3501 0.050 0.049 0.108 0.001 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.004 Forklifts 100 0.59 1640 0.036 0.014 0.026 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 Graders 300 0.59 655 0.014 0.015 0.037 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 Off-highway Trucks 600 0.59 8 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Off-highway Trucks 600 0.59 10 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Off-highway Trucks 600 0.59 400 0.016 0.017 0.036 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 Off-highway Trucks 600 0.59 565 0.023 0.024 0.052 0.000 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 Off-highway Trucks 600 0.59 7200 0.294 0.306 0.656 0.005 0.023 0.023 0.023 0.023 Off-highway Trucks 600 0.59 13178 0.539 0.561 1.201 0.009 0.043 0.042 0.042 0.042 Off-highway Trucks 600 0.59 36777 1.504 1.565 3.351 0.026 0.120 0.116 0.118 0.118 Other Construction Equipment 175 0.43 21721 0.647 0.407 2.006 0.007 0.105 0.102 0.030 0.030 Other Construction Equipment 600 0.59 565 0.114 0.030 0.267 0.000 0.016 0.015 0.002 0.002 Pavers 175 0.59 249 0.005 0.003 0.011 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 Pavers 175 0.59 1386 0.027 0.019 0.059 0.000 0.004 0.004 0.001 0.001 Pumps 11 0.43 586 0.010 0.002 0.010 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 Rollers 100 0.59 7169 0.150 0.100 0.353 0.002 0.024 0.023 0.008 0.008 Page C-9
Table C-7, Continued CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT TYPE EQUIPMENT HP HOURS OF (SHORT TONS) (METRIC TONS) CO VOC NOx SOx PM 10 PM 2.5 CO 2 CH 4 Rubber Tire Loaders 175 0.59 1386 0.038 0.033 0.112 0.001 0.005 0.005 111.184 0.003 Scrapers 600 0.59 2939 0.246 0.130 0.651 0.002 0.031 0.031 433.218 0.010 Skid Steer Loaders 75 0.21 3326 0.151 0.029 0.187 0.000 0.021 0.020 30.816 0.001 Surfacing Equipment 25 0.59 1704 0.010 0.005 0.108 0.000 0.001 0.001 20.923 0.000 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 100 0.21 320 0.011 0.003 0.018 0.000 0.002 0.002 5.592 0.000 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 100 0.21 4192 0.146 0.045 0.235 0.000 0.030 0.029 73.264 0.003 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 175 0.59 2071 0.203 0.063 0.326 0.001 0.041 0.040 101.687 0.004 Tractors/Loaders/ Backhoes 600 0.59 4 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.325 0.000 Tractors/Loaders/ Backhoes 600 0.59 16 0.002 0.001 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.302 0.000 Tractors/Loaders/ Backhoes 600 0.59 172 0.022 0.008 0.042 0.000 0.004 0.004 13.996 0.000 Non-Road 2021 Subtotal: 11.281 5.635 20.434 0.072 1.416 1.370 13003.7 0.347 2022 Air Compressors 100 0.43 111 0.003 0.001 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.361 0.000 Cement & Mortar Mixers 600 0.59 490 0.083 0.028 0.307 0.000 0.011 0.011 61.727 0.001 Chain Saws > 6 HP 11 0.7 132 0.185 0.048 0.001 0.000 0.007 0.006 0.432 0.001 Chippers/Stump Grinders 100 0.43 132 0.007 0.002 0.012 0.000 0.001 0.001 2.826 0.000 Concrete/Industrial Saws 40 0.59 111 0.001 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.685 0.000 Crawler Tractor/Dozers 175 0.59 921 0.015 0.013 0.033 0.000 0.002 0.002 39.669 0.001 Dumpers/Tenders 600 0.59 468 0.052 0.017 0.093 0.000 0.011 0.010 18.919 0.001 Dumpers/Tenders 600 0.59 1573 0.176 0.056 0.314 0.000 0.036 0.035 63.624 0.003 Excavators 175 0.59 247 0.004 0.003 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.000 10.762 0.000 Excavators 175 0.59 448 0.013 0.013 0.028 0.000 0.001 0.001 39.019 0.001 Graders 300 0.59 53 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.888 0.000 Off-highway Trucks 600 0.59 48 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.361 0.000 Off-highway Trucks 600 0.59 480 0.020 0.020 0.044 0.000 0.002 0.002 63.787 0.002 Off-highway Trucks 600 0.59 1029 0.042 0.044 0.094 0.001 0.003 0.003 136.687 0.003 Off-highway Trucks 600 0.59 3484 0.142 0.148 0.317 0.002 0.011 0.011 463.011 0.011 Other Construction Equipment 175 0.43 1611 0.048 0.030 0.149 0.000 0.008 0.008 86.820 0.002 Other Construction Equipment 600 0.59 48 0.010 0.003 0.023 0.000 0.001 0.001 6.704 0.000 Pavers 175 0.59 21 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.887 0.000 Pavers 175 0.59 111 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.728 0.000 Page C-10
Table C-7, Continued CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT TYPE EQUIPMENT HP HOURS OF (SHORT TONS) (METRIC TONS) CO VOC NOx SOx PM 10 PM 2.5 CO 2 CH 4 Pumps 11 0.43 44 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.094 0.000 Rollers 100 0.59 552 0.012 0.008 0.027 0.000 0.002 0.002 23.078 0.001 Rubber Tire Loaders 175 0.59 111 0.003 0.003 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 8.080 0.000 Scrapers 600 0.59 208 0.017 0.009 0.046 0.000 0.002 0.002 27.828 0.001 Skid Steer Loaders 75 0.21 170 0.008 0.001 0.010 0.000 0.001 0.001 1.428 0.000 Surfacing Equipment 25 0.59 138 0.001 0.000 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.533 0.000 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 100 0.21 238 0.008 0.003 0.013 0.000 0.002 0.002 3.772 0.000 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 175 0.59 163 0.016 0.005 0.026 0.000 0.003 0.003 7.280 0.000 Non-Road 2022 Subtotal: 0.873 0.459 1.590 0.006 0.106 0.103 1087.0 0.029 2023 Air Compressors 100 0.43 113 0.003 0.001 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.399 0.000 Cement & Mortar Mixers 600 0.59 383 0.065 0.022 0.240 0.000 0.009 0.009 48.263 0.001 Chain Saws > 6 HP 11 0.7 71 0.099 0.026 0.001 0.000 0.004 0.003 0.232 0.000 Chippers/Stump Grinders 100 0.43 71 0.004 0.001 0.007 0.000 0.001 0.001 1.516 0.000 Concrete/Industrial Saws 40 0.59 89 0.001 0.000 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.348 0.000 Cranes 300 0.43 16 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.868 0.000 Crawler Tractor/Dozers 175 0.59 520 0.009 0.007 0.019 0.000 0.001 0.001 22.378 0.001 Dumpers/Tenders 600 0.59 247 0.028 0.009 0.049 0.000 0.006 0.005 9.977 0.000 Dumpers/Tenders 600 0.59 839 0.094 0.030 0.167 0.000 0.019 0.018 33.933 0.001 Excavators 175 0.59 144 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.264 0.000 Graders 300 0.59 28 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.081 0.000 Off-highway Trucks 600 0.59 26 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.405 0.000 Off-highway Trucks 600 0.59 1200 0.049 0.051 0.109 0.001 0.004 0.004 159.47 0.004 Off-highway Trucks 600 0.59 45806 1.873 1.950 4.174 0.032 0.149 0.145 6087.1 0.147 Off-highway Trucks 600 0.59 46721 1.911 1.989 4.257 0.033 0.152 0.148 6208.8 0.150 Other Construction Equipment 175 0.43 46198 1.376 0.866 4.267 0.014 0.224 0.217 2490.1 0.064 Other Construction Equipment 600 0.59 26 0.005 0.001 0.012 0.000 0.001 0.001 3.588 0.000 Pavers 175 0.59 89 0.002 0.001 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.783 0.000 Pumps 11 0.43 24 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.051 0.000 Rollers 100 0.59 279 0.006 0.004 0.014 0.000 0.001 0.001 11.682 0.000 Rubber Tire Loaders 175 0.59 89 0.002 0.002 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.000 6.464 0.000 Page C-11
Table C-7, Continued CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT TYPE EQUIPMENT HP HOURS OF (SHORT TONS) (METRIC TONS) CO VOC NOx SOx PM 10 PM 2.5 CO 2 CH 4 Scrapers 600 0.59 111 0.009 0.005 0.025 0.000 0.001 0.001 14.842 0.000 Skid Steer Loaders 75 0.21 131 0.006 0.001 0.007 0.000 0.001 0.001 1.098 0.000 Surfacing Equipment 25 0.59 89 0.001 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.989 0.000 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 100 0.21 176 0.006 0.002 0.010 0.000 0.001 0.001 2.789 0.000 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 175 0.59 82 0.008 0.003 0.013 0.000 0.002 0.002 3.655 0.000 Non-Road 2023 Subtotal: 5.561 4.974 13.410 0.081 0.577 0.560 15127.1 0.371 Source: Landrum & Brown analysis, 2018 Page C-12