TES (Thermo Efficiency System) Theoretical background Confirmation of potential Application possibilities Future application possibilities
Turbocharging Efficiency Turbocharger/Turbocharging efficiency 72 70 Efficiency in % 68 66 64 62 Available for other use Turbocharger efficiency available max. Turbocharger efficiency available min. Turbocharging efficiency required 60 58 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year
TES Applications Turbine Outlet Temperature 320 MCR TCS / Engine Power [ % ] 6 300 5 280 4 260 3 240 2 220 1 200 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 Turbocharging Efficiency [ % ] 0
TES Applications Relative Compressor 105 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 Relative Turbine Area 105 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 Turbocharging Efficiency [ % ] 65
TES Calculations (CFD Heat Load) Reference TES Application Piston top surface at 100% engine load
TES Calculations (CFD Heat Load) Reference TES Application Liner surface at 100% engine load
TES Calculations Summarising calculation results for TES engine Increased heat load on exhaust valve and piston Slightly increased heat load on liner and cover Approx. 2 g/kwh increased SFOC due to reduced purity at compression start Nearly unchanged NO x emission
TES (Thermo Efficiency System) Theoretical background Confirmation of potential Application possibilities Future application possibilities
Fore End Bypass From the Exhaust Receiver to the Scavenge Air Receiver
TES: Combustion Chamber Temperature Measured Mean Temperatures: 10K98MC Mitsui 2005 100% Reference test 100% TES TES: 590 C Std.: 570 C TES: 222 C Std.: 218 C TES: 432 C Std.: 414 C TES: 417 C Std.: 388 C
Measured Influence on SFOC SFOC g/kwh 2 0 2 4 6 Reference TES 8 50 60 70 80 90 100 Load in % All data are corrected to ISO and reference p max
Measured Influence on Specific NO X Emissions NO x g/kwh 15 14 13 12 11 Reference TES 10 50 60 70 80 90 100 Load in % All data are corrected to ISO and reference p max
TES (Thermo Efficiency System) Theoretical background Confirmation of potential Application possibilities Future application possibilities
Heat Balance at 100% SMCR for Main Engine 12K98ME/MC without TES Shaft power output 49.3% Lubricating oil cooler 2.9% 12K98ME/MC Standard engine version SMCR : 68,640 kw at 94.0 r/min Jacket water cooler 5.2% ISO ambient reference conditions Exhaust gas 25.5% Air cooler 16.5% Fuel 100% (171 g/kwh) Heat radiation 0.6% Fig. 1
Heat Balance at 100% SMCR for Main Engine 12K98ME/MC with TES Total power output 54.2% (54.8%) Shaft power output 49.3% El. power production of TES 4.9% (5.5%) Gain = 9.9% (11.2%) 12K98ME/MC with TES SMCR : 68,640 kw at 94.0 r/min Lubricating oil cooler 2.9% Jacket water cooler 5.2% ISO ambient reference conditions TES : Single pressure (Dual pressure) Exhaust gas and condenser 22.9% (22.3%) Air cooler 14.2% Fuel 100% (171 g/kwh) Heat radiation 0.6% Fig. 1
Power Concept for Thermo Efficiency System Exh. gas boiler Generator, AC alternator Reduction gearbox Steam turbine Reduction gear with overspeed clutch Emergency generator Steam for heating services LP Superheated steam HP HP LP Exh. gas turbine Switchboard Diesel generators Turbochargers Shaft motor/ generator Exhaust gas receiver Main engine
Thermo Efficiency System (TES) Reduction gear with overspeed clutch Steam turbine Generator, AC alternator Exh. gas turbine Reduction gearbox Approx. dimensions referring to a 12K98ME/MC: Length: 10 meters Breadth: 3.5 meters Weight: 58 tons Arrangement as proposed by Peter Brotherhood Ltd.
PTG/PT Series with Expected Max. Shaft Power Output PTG based on NR PTG18 355 kw PTG23 590 kw PTG26 1,120 kw PT based on TCR PT12 250 kw PT14 350 kw PT16 500 kw PT18 700 kw PT20 1,000 kw PT22 1,800 kw PT based on TCA PT44 PT55 PT66 2,300 kw 3,200 kw 4,500 kw
Power Turbine Generator Alternator asynchronous type Planetary Gear Power Turbine
CODAG Combination of Diesel and Gasturbine Status Main Engine Exhaust Gas Line ICS Line Power Turbine Gear Boxes Aux. Engine
TES (Thermo Efficiency System) Theoretical background Confirmation of potential Application possibilities Future application possibilities
1 Turbocharger Boiler 2 Cooler Auxiliary blower Generator Engine Power Turbine
Case 1 LP pressure [bar a] LP super heat temperature [ C] HP pressure [bar a] HP super heat temperature [ C] Heat extraction in Boiler 1 [kw] Heat extraction in Boiler 2 [kw] Power turbine [kw] Steam turbine [kw] Total electrical power [kw] Power rel. to main engine [%] 7 270 0 20900 3017 3798 6815 10
2 Turbocharger Boiler 2 Cooler Auxiliary blower Boiler 1 Engine Power Turbine Generator
Case 1 Case 2 LP pressure [bar a] LP super heat temperature [ C] HP pressure [bar a] HP super heat temperature [ C] Heat extraction in Boiler 1 [kw] Heat extraction in Boiler 2 [kw] Power turbine [kw] Steam turbine [kw] Total electrical power [kw] Power rel. to main engine [%] 7 270 0 20900 3017 3798 6815 10 7 440 4135 16460 2080 5590 7670 11.2
3 Turbocharger Boiler 2 SAM Auxiliary blower Boiler 1 Generator Engine Power Turbine
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 LP pressure [bar a] 7 7 7 LP super heat temperature [ C] 270 440 446 HP pressure [bar a] HP super heat temperature [ C] Heat extraction in Boiler 1 [kw] 0 4135 4840 Heat extraction in Boiler 2 [kw] 20900 16460 18880 Power turbine [kw] 3017 2080 2262 Steam turbine [kw] 3798 5590 6451 Total electrical power [kw] 6815 7670 8713 Power rel. to main engine [%] 10 11.2 12.7
4 Turbocharger Boiler 2 Cooler Auxiliary blower Boiler 1 Generator Engine Power Turbine
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 LP pressure [bar a] 7 7 7 7 LP super heat temperature [ C] 270 440 446 281 HP pressure [bar a] 19.5 HP super heat temperature [ C] 440 Heat extraction in Boiler 1 [kw] 0 4135 4840 2902 Heat extraction in Boiler 2 [kw] 20900 16460 18880 17840 Power turbine [kw] 3017 2080 2262 2436 Steam turbine [kw] 3798 5590 6451 6350 Total electrical power [kw] 6815 7670 8713 8786 Power rel. to main engine [%] 10 11.2 12.7 12.8
5 Turbocharger Boiler 2 SAM Auxiliary blower Boiler 1 Generator Engine Power Turbine
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 LP pressure [bar a] 7 7 7 7 7 LP super heat temperature [ C] 270 440 446 281 266 HP pressure [bar a] 19.5 10 HP super heat temperature [ C] 440 446 Heat extraction in Boiler 1 [kw] 0 4135 4840 2902 4781 Heat extraction in Boiler 2 [kw] 20900 16460 18880 17840 19420 Power turbine [kw] 3017 2080 2262 2436 4418 Steam turbine [kw] 3798 5590 6451 6350 7922 Total electrical power [kw] 6815 7670 8713 8786 12340 Power rel. to main engine [%] 10 11.2 12.7 12.8 18.0
Conclusion Significant increase in efficiency is possible. Reliability of the engine itself is unchanged. Shipyards are reluctant to introduce due to high order volume. Payback time is typical 56 years with current oil prices. TES must be considered at an early stage of a project.