6: Vehicle Performance

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1 6: Vehicle Performance 1. Resistance faced by the vehicle a. Air resistance It is resistance offered by air to the forward movement of vehicle. This resistance has an influence on performance, ride and stability of the vehicle. Wind or air resistance depends upon speed, shape of the vehicle body and wind velocity. b. Rolling resistance It is resistance caused by friction between road and tyres which opposes the motion of the vehicle. The magnitude of rolling resistance depends mainly on the nature of road surface, the types of tyres, the weight of the vehicle and the speed of the vehicle.

2 c. Gradient resistance 2. Definitions a. Traction The condition of friction as between the tyre and the surface of the roadway, the holding of the tyre on the roadway, the ability to transmit power from the tyre to the roadway. OR The ability of the drive wheels to transmit tractive effort without slipping is know as traction b. Tractive efforts The force available at the contact between the drive wheel tyres and road is known as tractive effort. c. Drawbar pull Drawbar pull is the amount of horizontal force available to a vehicle at the drawbar for accelerating or pulling a load. Drawbar pull the difference between tractive effort available and tractive effort required to overcome resistance at a specified speed. d. Gradeability The maximum percentage grade, which a vehicle can negotiate with full rated condition, is known as gradeability. Gradability=100/W (Tractive effort- Road resistance)= 100/W (F-R) e. Acceleration When the vehicle is accelerated, its rotating parts are also accelerated depending upon their moments of inertia and the gear ratio in the drive line. Due to this, weight of vehicle is increased from W to WE. This increased weight, WE is called the effective or equivalent weight of the vehicle. Surplus tractive effort is fully utilized for accelerartion.

3 f. Pitching It is rotating action about a transverse axis through center of gravity parallel to ground is known as pitching. OR It is rocking chair action or rotating action about a transverse axis through the vehicle parallel to ground is known as pitching. Effect: The front springs extend simultaneously as the rear spring compresses, a continuous motion results in the body of vehicle oscillating up and down at the front and back in a fore and aft direction. This will cause discomfort to the passengers and may lead to failure of mechanical components in severe situations. g. Bouncing, It is the vertical movement of the complete body. When the body of the vehicle rises up and down, it is known as bounce or bouncing. There may be front end or rear end bounce. OR It is the vertical movement of the complete body. When the body of the vehicle rises up and down, it is known as bounce or bouncing. There may be front end or rear end bounce. Effect: As the whole body moves up and down, this may result into passenger discomfort, lack of steering control and directional instability. h. Rolling While cornering, the centrifugal force produces a movement of the vehicle about a longitudinal axis through centre of gravity and is known as rolling. Effect: The left hand side spring expands as the right hand spring compress (or Vice-versa) which results in the body of the vehicle moving up and down from side to side in relation to the centre of vehicle. This will result into lack of steering control and driving inconvenience. i. Sway Vehicle moves slowly and rhythmically backwards and forwards or from side to side. j. Yaw It is the turning movement of the body around the center point of the vehicle. Yaw occurs as The vehicle corners if the cornering speed is too high, the transfer of weight can cause the Vehicle to spin. Effect: Due to transfer of weight, The driver may loose the steering control during cornering and the vehicle may go off the road causing severe accident.

4 3. Stability of vehicle on turn and slopes (No mathematical treatment).

5

6

7 4. Concept of Streamline shape of a vehicle body

8 1. Reduction of fuel consumption 2 More favorable comfort characteristics (mud deposition on body, noise, ventilating and cooling of passenger compartment) 3 Improvement of driving characteristics (stability, handling, traffic safety)

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