The purpose of the projections is to obtain a future number of private households by family type. This report deals with five different family types:

Transcription

1 Household Projections for Japan ) Outline of Results and Methods Introduction Household Projections for Japan (Outline of Results and Methods) projected the number of households nationwide and was released in The initial population used as the benchmark of the projections was obtained by adjusting the results of the 2015 Census. I. Framework of Projections 1. Period of Projections The period for the present projections is the twenty-five years from October 1, 2015 to October 1, Method and Results of Projections The essential part of the household projections was carried out by the household transition method. This method projects distributions by combination of future marital states and household positions, by setting transition probabilities of members private households, and applies them to the population by sex and five-year age group of Population Projections for Japan (Published in 2017) 2) (medium fertility/medium mortality variant) in order to project the population by sex, five-year age group, and combination of marital state and household positions. Households are identified with markers such as one-person households, couple-only households, couple-andchild(ren) households, one-parent-child(ren) households, and other households. Markers refer to members regarded as key persons in terms of household formation/dissolution in projection models and usually match with the household heads of the Census. For exceptional cases such as a wife or a child becoming the head of couple-andchild(ren) households, we set certain rules such as the marker of couple-child(ren) households always being the husband and the marker of one-parent-child(ren) households always being the parent. We applied the correspondence between head/non-head and marker/non-marker in 2015 to the projected population by sex, by fiveyear age group, and by marital state and household positions (marker/ non-marker) to obtain the number of heads by sex, five-year age group, marital state, and family type. The detailed results of the projections are shown in Result Table 1 (Number of Private Households by Family Type, Mean Household Members, Mean Size of Households) and Result Table 2 (Number and Percentages of Private Households by Head's Sex and Five-year Age Group, by Family Type). 3. Initial Population We obtained the initial population used as the benchmark of the projections based on the 2015 Census, by converting positions of members within private households from heads/non-heads by family type to markers/nonmarkers by family type. 4. Variants of Projections The present projections handle only one case. Additionally, for reference, we also calculated the number of households under the assumption that the distributions by sex, five-year age group, and combination of marital state and household positions remain constant from 2015 and onward. 1

2 The purpose of the projections is to obtain a future number of private households by family type. This report deals with five different family types: one-person households, couple-only households, couple-child(ren) households, one-parent-child(ren) households, and other households. 3) (Table 1) Table 1. Family Types in Present Projection and Census Present Projection 2010 Census of Japan Number of households 1) One-person households One-person households 18,418 only A married couple only 10,718 child(ren) A married couple with their child(ren) 14,288 child(ren) Father with his child(ren) 703 Mother with her child(ren) 4,045 A couple with their parents 191 A couple with their parent 676 A couple with their child(ren) and parents 710 A couple with their child(ren) and parent 1,214 A couple with their relative(s) other than child(ren) and parent(s) 113 private households A couple with their child(ren) and relative(s) other than parent(s) 410 A couple with their parent(s) and relative(s) other than child(ren) 86 A couple with their child(ren), parent(s) and relative(s) 273 Brothers and sisters only 323 relatives households not elsewhere classified 565 Households including non-relatives 464 Students in school dormitories 6 Inpatients in hospitals 11 Inmates of social institutions 61 Persons in camps of Self-Defence Forces 3 Inmates of reformatory institutions 1 s 36 1) In 1,000 households reported in the 2015 Census of Japan. Households that family type is unknown (85,798 households) are not included. Private households Family nuclei Private households Relatives households Institutional households Family nuclei relatives households II. Overview of Projection Results 1. Number of Private Household Members and Number of Private Households (Figure 1) The total population of Japan has started declining from around According to the present household projections, the development of the number of private household members shows generally the same trends as the total population. As seen in Result Table 1, the number of private household members decreases year by year from million people in 2015 to million in 2040, which is a reduction of 18.6 million people. On the other hand, the total number of private households, as shown in Figure 1, continues to grow from million in 2015 to peak out at million households in Afterward, however, the number starts to decrease and the total number of private households in 2040 is million, which is smaller by 2.57 million than in Mean Size of Households (Figure 2) The fact that the number of households continues to increase even under the population decline implies that the household size keeps on shrinking. The mean size of private households will continue to decrease, from 2.33 members in 2015 to 2.08 in

3 53, ,000 (1,0000 households)) 47,000 44,000 41,000 38,000 (persons) , Figure 1. Number of Private Households Figure 2. Mean Size of Private Households Table 2. Number and Percentage of Private Households by Family Type Year One-parentchild(ren) Oneperson Private households Family Nuclei andchild(ren) only Number of households (1,000) ,824 7,105 21,594 4,460 15,081 2,053 7, ,980 7,895 22,804 5,212 15,189 2,403 7, ,670 9,390 24,218 6,294 15,172 2,753 7, ,900 11,239 25,760 7,619 15,032 3,108 6, ,782 12,911 27,332 8,835 14,919 3,578 6, ,063 14,457 28,394 9,637 14,646 4,112 6, ,842 16,785 29,207 10,244 14,440 4,523 5, ,332 18,418 29,870 10,758 14,342 4,770 5, ,107 19,342 30,254 11,101 14,134 5,020 4, ,116 19,960 30,034 11,203 13,693 5,137 4, ,484 20,254 29,397 11,138 13,118 5,141 3, ,315 20,233 28,499 10,960 12,465 5,074 3, ,757 19,944 27,463 10,715 11,824 4,924 3,350 Percentage (%) Note: The total does not necessarily match extactly with the sum of individual figures due to rounding. The number of households which family tipe was unknown in the 2015 census was proportionally distributed. The total number of households in the 2010 census includes households of which family type was unknown. The percentage by family type in the 2010 census was calculated with the denominator excluding the number of households of which family type was unknown. 3

4 3. Number and Percentage of Private Households by Family Type (Table 2, Figure 3) As shown in Table 2 and Figure 3, the number of couple-child(ren) households and other private households continues to decrease from The number of one-person households, couple-only households and oneparent-child(ren) households will continue to grow for several decades but eventually starts declining in the 2030s. Figure 3. Number of Private Households by Family Type a) b) One-person househodls 55,000 20,000 (1,000 households) 50,000 45,000 40,000 Reference projections (1,000 households) 16,000 12,000 8,000 4,000 Reference projections 35, ,000 c) only households 20,000 d) chid(ren) households 16,000 16,000 Reference projections (1,000 households) 12,000 8,000 4,000 Reference projections (1,000 households) 12,000 8,000 4, ,000 e) child(ren) households 20,000 f) Ohter private households 16,000 16,000 (1,000 households) 12,000 8,000 4,000 0 Reference projections (1,000 households) 12,000 8,000 4,000 0 Reference projections

5 The number of one-person households keeps on increasing from million in 2015 and peaks out in The number in 2040 is projected to be million, which is 1.53 million larger than Its percentage out of the total number of private households also increases from 34.5% in 2015 to 39.3% in 2040, an increase of 4.8 percent points. The number of couple-only households increases for the foreseeable future, but the rate of increase is not as rapid as for one-person households. Moreover, the number starts to decline after That is, after increasing from million in 2015 to million in 2025, the number starts to decline and reaches million in However, the percentage out of the total number of private households increases from 20.2% to 21.1% in The number of couple-child(ren) households has been declining after 1985, and this trend accelerates in the future: the number decreases from million to million from 2015 to This couple- child(ren) household type used to be the most common family type, accounting for 40% or more of private households, but since then the percentage has already declined significantly to 26.9% in 2015, and is projected to decrease further to 23.3% in The number of one-parent-child(ren) households grows from 4.77 million in 2015 to 5.15 million in 2029 and then will decline. The percentage accounted for by this family type changes from 8.9% to 9.7% between 2015 and The majority of other households are stem-families which consist of a family nuclei and direct ancestors or descendants. This family type, in the same way as for couple-child(ren) households, started to decline in the second half of the 1980s. The downward trend continues in the future as well and the number decreases from 5.15 million to 4.92 million from 2010 to The percentage it accounts for also declines, from 8.9% in 2015 to 6.6% in Households with Elderly Heads (Table 3) 1) Number of Households with Elderly Heads As shown in Table 3, the total number of private households with heads aged over 65 years increases from million in 2015 to million in Households with heads aged over 75 years also increases from 8.88 million to million from 2010 to Because the growth rate of the number of households with heads aged over 65 years is higher than that of the total number of private households, the percentage of the households with heads aged over 65 years increases dramatically from 36.0% to 44.2% from 2015 to Moreover, the percentage of households with heads aged over 75 years out of households with heads aged over 65 years also increases, from 46.3% in 2015 to 54.3% in ) Number of Households with Elderly Heads by Family Type When the values of 2015 and 2040 are compared in terms of number of households with heads aged over 65 years by family type, one-person households shows the highest growth rate of a factor of 1.43 (an increase from 6.25 million to 8.96 million), followed by one-parent-child(ren) households with a factor of 1.19 (an increase from 1.66 million to 1.98 million). While the number of couple-only and couple-child(ren) households increases slightly, the number of other private households will decrease from 2.13 million to 1.71 million. As for the number of households with heads aged over 75 years, all family types show greater growth compared to households with heads aged over 65 years. For example, one-person households grows with a factor of 1.52 (an increase from 3.37 million to 5.12 million) and one-parent-and childr(en) households with a factor of 1.40 (from 0.87 million to 1.22 million). 5

6 Table 3. Number and Percentage of Households with Heads Aged Over 65/75 Years by Family Type Private households Year Family Nuclei One-person andchild(renchild(ren) only Number of households (1,000) Head aged over 65 years ,179 6,253 10,800 6,277 2,862 1,661 2, ,645 7,025 11,551 6,740 2,990 1,821 2, ,031 7,512 11,582 6,763 2,915 1,904 1, ,257 7,959 11,483 6,693 2,842 1,948 1, ,593 8,418 11,449 6,666 2,811 1,972 1, ,423 8,963 11,752 6,870 2,906 1,976 1,708 Head aged over 75 years (re-insertion) ,883 3,369 4,575 2, ,424 3,958 5,521 3,279 1,202 1, ,247 4,700 6,519 3,881 1,435 1,203 1, ,763 5,045 6,693 3,976 1,454 1,264 1, ,403 5,075 6,371 3,762 1,356 1, ,171 5,122 6,153 3,635 1,299 1, Percentage (%) Head aged over 65 years Head aged over 75 years (re-insertion) Note: The total does not necessarily match extactly with the sum of individual figures due to rounding. Looking at the changes of percentages of households with heads aged over 65 years by family type, those showing consistent increase is one-person households which increase from 32.6% to 40.0% and 8.7% to 9.2%, respectively. chid(ren) household increase from 8.7% to 9.2% from 2015 to 2030, then decline to 8.8% in The percentages of other three types consistently decreases. For households with heads aged over 75 years, the percentage of one-person households steadily increases from 37.9% to 42.1%. The percentage of other private households steadily declines from 10.6% to 7.4%. Percentages of other three types of households will fluctuate and the values in 2040 will not be significantly different from

7 5. Comparison with Advanced Countries (Table 4) Table 4 compares the characteristics of current and future households in Japan with current conditions of advanced countries or regions. The mean size of households of Japan in 2015, 2.33 members, is close to the UK and Canada, and higher than other Northern/Western European countries. The percentage of one-person households in Japan is 34.5% in 2015, which is also lower than Northern/Western European countries other than the UK. While Eastern Asian advanced economies show lower fertility than in Japan, they are still behind Japan in terms of family/household changes. According to the present projections, the mean size of households in Japan is projected to drop to 2.08 by This is still larger than Denmark and Germany in The percentage of one-person households is projected to rise to be 39.3% in 2040, which is again still lower than Norway and Germany today. Table 4. International Comparison of Mean Size of Households and Percentage of One-person Households Country, Region (Year) Mean size of households (persons) Percentage of one-person households (%) Materials: Norway (2015) EUROSTAT ( Denmark (2016) Statistics Norway ( UK (2016) U.S. Census Bureau ( Germany (2016) Statistics Canada ( Austria (2016) Statistics Korea ( Netherlands (2016) Department of Statistics, Taiwan ( France (2016) USA (2016) Canada (2016) South Korea (2015) Taiwan (2015) Japan (2015) Japan (2040) Comparison with Reference Projections (Table 5) The reference projections estimate future changes of the number of households by keeping the distributions, by combination of marital state and household position, by sex and five-year age group constant at the values in The projections are based on the assumption that the household formation/dissolution behaviors do not change from 2015, which means that changes in the future are brought about only by the changes of population size and sex/age structures projected by the national population projection (medium fertility/ medium mortality variant). According to Table 5, the number of households will continue to increase until around 2020 even if the household formation/dissolution behaviors do not change at all in the future, but the margin of increase is smaller than in the present projections. The change of household formation/dissolution behaviors increases the number of households in 2040 by 4% compared to the case where there is no change in the behaviors. The change in future population size and sex/age structures work in the direction to decrease the number of oneperson households from million in 2015 to million in This is because the population group in their 20s, many of whom are one-person households, decreases due to fertility decline, which has been progressing for several decades. Thus, it can be concluded that the increase of one-person households in the present projections is mainly brought about by changes in marriage/household formation behaviors, such as tendencies of marrying later, not marrying at all, increased divorces, and decreasing numbers of parents and child(ren) living together. 7

8 Table 5. Comparison between the Present Projections and Reference Projections Private households Year Family Nuclei One-person andchild(ren) One-parentchild(ren) only ,332 18,418 29,870 10,758 14,342 4,770 5,044 Present projections (1,000 households) ,107 19,342 30,254 11,101 14,134 5,020 4, ,116 19,960 30,034 11,203 13,693 5,137 4, ,484 20,254 29,397 11,138 13,118 5,141 3, ,315 20,233 28,499 10,960 12,465 5,074 3, ,757 19,944 27,463 10,715 11,824 4,924 3,350 Reference projections (1,000 households) ,408 18,407 29,894 11,032 14,037 4,825 5, ,930 18,260 29,503 11,123 13,576 4,805 5, ,907 17,926 28,802 11,085 13,021 4,696 5, ,427 17,401 27,936 10,968 12,439 4,530 5, ,826 16,810 27,106 10,857 11,895 4,353 4,910 Index (reference projections = 100) Note: The total does not necessarily match extactly with the sum of individual figures due to rounding. The numbers of couple-only households and one-parent-child(ren) households increase for a while and then start to decrease in the reference projections. The long-term trends of changes coincide with the present projections. Thus, it is possible to understand that both factors of population structure and behavioral changes acting at the same time. The number of "other private households" continuously increases until around 2030 in the reference projections in contrast to the result of the present projections. Thus, it is safe to say that the future decline of this family type is brought about mainly by the changes in behaviors, including changes in co-residing of parents and children. 6. Percentage of Single and Women (Table 6) As described in the later section, the projection of marital states was conducted in advance of that of household positions. Marital states were divided into single, currently married, and widowed or divorced. It is expected that the percentage of single will rise while that of currently married will decline due to the long-term tendency of less and later marriage. While the rise in divorce rate in past decades may raise the percentage of widowed or divorced in young and middle ages, mortality decline may reduce the transition probability to widowhood. This section gives a general view in the percentage of single. Detailed figures of all marital states can be found in the Result Table 4. Table 6 shows that changes in the percentage of single men and women are expected to be small for ages under 50. However, the percentage of single will rise sharply for old ages. This is because the present old people that married when universal marriage was the norm are replaced by younger cohorts that suffered from nuptiality decline since the late 1970s. Consequently, the percentage of single elderly of age 65 and older will rise from 5.9% to 14.9% between 2015 and 2040 for men, and from 4.5% to 9.9% for women. The percentage for 75 years and older also will rise from 2.6% to 10.2% for men, and from 3.9% to 6.5% for women. 8

9 Table 6. Projected Percentage of Single and Women Male and older and older and older Female and older and older and older Percentage of Living Alone (Table 7) As already described, the percentage of one-person household out of the total number of households was projected to increase from 34.5% in 2015 to 39.3% in Because the number of one-person households is equivalent with the number of persons living alone, this percentage gives the propensity to live alone among all private household heads. However, one may be interested in the percentage of living alone among all persons including non-heads and institutionalized people. Table 7 gives such percentages by sex and age group. The trend of the propensity to live alone is affected by that of single persons. Changes in the percentage of living alone are expected to be small in younger ages because the percentage of single does not increase significantly. On the other hand, the percentage of men living alone rises from 14.0% in 2015 to 20.8% in 2040 for 65 years and older, and from 12.8% in 2015 to 18.4% in 2040 for 75 years and older. While the percentage of women living alone is expected to rise from 21.8% in 2015 to 24.5% in 2040, the change is small if only women aged 75 and older are considered. This is because the change in percentage of single is assumed to be small for women in this age group, and such a change may be offset by the increase in currently married due to mortality decline. 9

10 Table 7. Projected Percentage of Living Alone Male and older and older and older Female 2015 年 2020 年 2025 年 2030 年 2035 年 2040 年 and older and older and older

11 III. Method of Projections 1. Outline of Projection Method The computations involved in the projections were conducted according to the procedure shown in Figure 4. The essential part of the household projection was carried out by the household transition method. In this method, survivors are divided into several different states and the future population by state is projected by applying the transition probability matrix. Here, the states to be projected are combinations of marital state and household position. Figure 4. Procedure of Household Projections Population projection (medium fertility/mortality variant) Transition probability matrix between marital states Population by marital state Projection of population in institutional households Institutional household members by marital state Private household members by marital state Private household members by combination of marital state and household position Transition probability matrix between combinations of marital state and household position There is a strong correlation between household position and marital state in the Census. It is rare that single children living together with parents become heads or that wives living together with husbands become heads. If such exceptional combinations are left as is, not only does the transition probability matrix become unnecessarily large, but it also becomes impossible to obtain reliable transition probabilities from survey data. For this reason, we define markers as reference members of target households of the projection model and set the following rules to limit the combinations of marker s position, sex, and marital state, for the household heads of the Census and the Seventh National Survey on Household Changes (explained later). (1) Husbands are set as markers in couple-only households and couple-child(ren) households. (2) Parents are set as markers in one-parent- child(ren) households. (3) Husbands are set as markers in case wives living with their husbands are heads of other households. 11

12 (4) Fathers are set as markers in case single persons are heads of other households that include their parents. As a result, we defined the following 12 and 11 types of combinations between marital state and household position, for male and female, respectively. Since it is very rare that married men are markers of one-parent-child(ren) households, this case is integrated with one-person households in the projection model and separated again after making the projections. The initial population in 2015 was obtained by converting the number of heads/non-heads of the Census by sex, five-year age group, and family type, into the corresponding numbers of markers/non-markers by sex, five-year age group, and family type. Women S:hS Single One-person household marker S:hS Single One-person household marker S:hO Single household marker * S:hO Single household marker * S:nh Single Non-marker S:nh Single Non-marker M:hS Married One-person household marker ** M:hS Married One-person household marker M:hC Married only household marker M:hP Married child(ren) household marker M:hN Married child(ren) household M:sp Married Spouse marker M:hO Married household marker M:nh Married non-marker M:nh Married Non-marker W:hS Widowed or divorced One-person household marker W:hS Widowed or divorced One-person household marker W:hP Widowed or divorced child(ren) household marker W:hP Widowed or divorced child(ren) household marker W:hO Widowed or divorced household marker W:hO Widowed or divorced household marker W:nh Widowed or divorced Non-marker W:nh Widowed or divorced Non-marker * Households not including parents ** Include parent-child(ren) household markers Since the transition probability related to institutional household members cannot be obtained due to restrictions on data, we projected the percentage of institutional households by sex, five- year age group, and marital state by extrapolating the trends, as explained later. By applying this to the projected population by sex, five-year age group, and marital state, we obtained the number of private household members. On the other hand, we employed the transition probability matrix between the combinations of marital state and household position shown above to obtain the distribution, from which we obtained the population by marital state and household position (marker/non-marker), by sex and five-year age group. Based on the result at five-year intervals, we obtained the result for each year via linear interpolation. Moreover, we applied the conversion of the procedure at the time when the initial population of 2010 was created in reverse, to obtain the population by sex, five-year age group, marital state, and position within household. 2. Setting of Future Transition Probabilities among Marital States We first created a tentative transition probability matrix among marital states, based on 2015 Census and the Vital Statistics of Japan. We applied this matrix to 2010 Census, adjusted various probabilities such that the distributions by sex, five-year age group, and marital state of the 2015 Census could be reproduced, and then created a transition probability matrix between marital states corresponding to the period Using this matrix as the starting point, we created future transition probability matrices between marital states considering changes of probabilities of first marriage, remarriage, divorce/bereavement, and death (five periods from the period to the period 12

13 ). The probabilities of first marriage and remarriage of women aged were taken from the Population Projections in Japan (medium fertility/medium mortality variant). The probabilities of women aged 50 were obtained by applying trends in younger ages. The probabilities of men were adjusted such that they match the total number of marriages caused by the probabilities of women s first marriage and remarriage. The probability of death was adjusted such that it matches the probability of death in the future life table used in the Population Projection, while maintaining the relative risk by marital states. The probability of divorce/bereavement is the weighted average of the probability of bereavement and probability of divorce. The probability of bereavement was reduced according to the reduction of the probability of death of the opposite sex in the future life table. We assumed that the probability of divorce would be constant after Projections of Percentage of Institutional Household Members In the Seventh National Survey on Household Changes 5), the pattern of transition among household positions of private household members can be obtained, but data related to transition between private households and institutional households cannot be obtained. For this reason, we projected the percentage of future institutional household members by extrapolating the current trends. We smoothed out the rate of change of the percentage of institutional household members by sex, five-year age group, and marital state obtained from 2010 and 2015 Censuses and applied them until Creation of Transition Probability Matrix We obtained the transition probabilities among household positions from the marital transition matrix and the conditional transition patterns obtained from the Seventh National Survey on Household Changes. In this survey, household positions on the survey date as well as five years ago were asked. We performed conversions from heads/non-heads to markers/non-markers on this survey data according to the combinations of marital state and household position defined above. For example, if wives are household heads, they are replaced by husbands and if single children are household heads, they are replaced by parents, placing priority on fathers. We created a transition frequency matrix by sex and five-year age group, for household positions after the adjustment. We omitted very rare transitions to simplify the matrix. From this matrix, we obtained the conditional transition probability for each transition between marital states. We then multiplied the transition probability among marital states by the thus obtained conditional transition probability to create the transition probability matrix between combinations of marital state and household position, by sex and five-year age group. We multiplied the vector of household positions obtained from the 2010 Census with this matrix and compared the result with the vector of household positions obtained from the 2015 Census, to adjust the transition probability. 5. Initial Population The initial population, which is the benchmark of the projections, i.e., private household members by sex, fiveyear age group, and combination of marital state and household position (marker/non- marker) as well as institutional household members by sex, five-year age group, marital state, was obtained from the 2015 Census. The number of people with unknown age, marital sates and family type were distributed with iteration procedure. Private household members were obtained by converting heads/non-heads to markers/non-markers according to the aforementioned rules. 6. Projection Results 13

14 In the present projections, we first determined the future population by sex, five-year age group, and marital state. We obtained this figure as follows based on the distribution by sex, five-year age group, and marital state in the 2015 Census. We applied the prepared transition probability matrix among marital states to this base data sequentially to obtain the future distribution by marital state, and then multiplied the projected population by sex and five-year age group (medium fertility/ medium mortality) with this distribution. We then applied the prepared projections of the percentage of institutional households by sex, five-year age group, and marital state to this obtained future population to divide the population into private household members and institutional household members. We started from the aforementioned initial population in 2015 and obtained the future distribution by combination of marital state and household position, by sequentially applying the transition probability matrix. We then multiplied private household members by sex, five-year age group, and marital state obtained above with the thus obtained distribution and obtained the future (five-year interval) population by combination of marital state and household position (marker/ non-marker). Based on this, we obtained the result for each year via linear interpolation, converted it from marker/non-marker to head/non-head, and finally obtained the number of household heads by sex, five-year age group, marital state, and family type. This number of household heads is the projected future number of households. Notes: 1) This report is based on the material published on January 12, ) The National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Population Projections for Japan: , With long-range Population Projections: , Population Research Series No. 336, July ) private households consist of other relatives households and households including non-relatives in the family type categories of the Census. The latter accounts for as little as 9.2% in Three-generation households accounts for approximately a half of other relative households. 4) National Institute of Population and Social Security Research Seventh National Survey on Household Changes, 2014, Survey Series No. 34, March

15 Result Table 1. Number of Private Households by Family Type, Private Household Members, Mean Size of Households Year One-parentandchild(ren) Oneperson Private households Family Nuclei Coupleonly child(ren ,332 18,418 29,870 10,758 14,342 4,770 5, , ,523 18,618 29,981 10,826 14,330 4,824 4, , ,722 18,818 30,094 10,912 14,297 4,885 4, , ,889 19,007 30,181 10,988 14,254 4,939 4, , ,023 19,182 30,240 11,056 14,199 4,985 4, , ,107 19,342 30,254 11,101 14,134 5,020 4, , ,134 19,484 30,232 11,116 14,067 5,049 4, , ,175 19,627 30,209 11,144 13,983 5,082 4, , ,189 19,757 30,170 11,170 13,892 5,108 4, , ,178 19,873 30,116 11,193 13,795 5,128 4, , ,116 19,960 30,034 11,203 13,693 5,137 4, , ,007 20,029 29,921 11,185 13,595 5,141 4, , ,903 20,100 29,805 11,175 13,480 5,150 3, , ,786 20,166 29,679 11,165 13,361 5,153 3, , ,642 20,215 29,541 11,150 13,238 5,154 3, , ,484 20,254 29,397 11,138 13,118 5,141 3, , ,301 20,286 29,235 11,112 13,004 5,119 3, , ,083 20,292 29,061 11,077 12,872 5,112 3, , ,848 20,287 28,880 11,041 12,736 5,103 3, , ,588 20,265 28,692 11,001 12,599 5,092 3, , ,315 20,233 28,499 10,960 12,465 5,074 3, , ,030 20,201 28,294 10,909 12,337 5,048 3, , ,736 20,156 28,093 10,864 12,209 5,021 3, , ,429 20,098 27,890 10,819 12,080 4,991 3, , ,103 20,028 27,680 10,770 11,951 4,958 3, , ,757 19,944 27,463 10,715 11,824 4,924 3, , Percentage (%) Note: The number of households which family tipe was unknown in the 2015 census was proportionally distributed. Private household members (1,000) Mean size of household s (persons) 15

16 Result Table 2. Number and Percentages of Private Households by Head's Sex and Five-year Age Group, by Family Type 2015 Private households Percentage (%) Age Family Nuclei Family Nuclei Oneperson person One- Coupleonlonlchild(ren) child(ren) child(ren) child(ren) 53,332 18,418 29,870 10,758 14,342 4,770 5, ,827 1, ,572 1, ,169 1,307 1, , ,799 1,159 2, , ,704 1,283 3, , ,461 1,203 2, , ,274 1,135 2, , ,147 1,090 2, , ,804 1,288 2,797 1,216 1, ,680 1,559 3,400 1,850 1, ,616 1,325 2,825 1, ,815 1,237 2,207 1, ,910 1,129 1, ,158 1, ,179 6,253 10,800 6,277 2,862 1,661 2, ,883 3,369 4,575 2, ,842 9,600 26,091 10,612 14,183 1,297 4, , ,785 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,506 1,205 1, , ,075 1,836 1, , ,543 1, , ,952 1, , , , ,265 2,056 9,518 6,242 2, , , ,899 2, Wemen 13,489 8,817 3, , , , , , , ,914 4,197 1, , ,481 2, The number of households which family tipe was unknown in the 2015 census was proportionally distributed 16

17 Result Table 2. Number and Percentages of Private Households by Head's Sex and Five-year Age Group, by Family Type (Continued) 2016 Private households Percentage (%) Age Family Nuclei Family Nuclei Oneperson person One- Coupleonlonly Couplechild(renchild(renchild(ren) One-parentandchild(ren) 53,523 18,618 29,981 10,826 14,330 4,824 4, ,828 1, ,517 1, ,137 1,297 1, , ,696 1,137 2, , ,651 1,267 3, , ,735 1,283 3, , ,214 1,145 2, , ,149 1,118 2, , ,590 1,245 2,665 1,152 1, ,959 1,665 3,544 1,930 1, ,381 1,279 2,660 1, ,943 1,269 2,303 1, ,024 1,164 1, ,307 1, ,614 6,448 11,030 6,405 2,923 1,701 2, ,274 3,504 4,826 2,880 1, ,901 9,696 26,165 10,680 14,171 1,314 4, , ,741 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,384 1,141 1, , ,204 1,916 1, , ,396 1, , ,038 1, , , , ,574 2,158 9,717 6,370 2, , , ,116 2,868 1, Wemen 13,622 8,922 3, , , , , , , ,039 4,290 1, , ,615 2,

18 Result Table 2. Number and Percentages of Private Households by Head's Sex and Five-year Age Group, by Family Type (Continued) 2017 Private households Percentage (%) Age Family Nuclei Family Nuclei Oneperson person One- Coupleonlonly Couplechild(renchild(renchild(ren) One-parentandchild(ren) 53,722 18,818 30,094 10,912 14,297 4,885 4, ,832 1, ,475 1, ,096 1,284 1, , ,609 1,120 2, , ,549 1,237 3, , ,841 1,316 3, , ,349 1,207 2, , ,199 1,159 2, , ,400 1,212 2,549 1,097 1, ,742 1,629 3,396 1,847 1, ,584 1,353 2,769 1, ,088 1,314 2,402 1, ,113 1,190 1, ,457 1,139 1, ,983 6,625 11,230 6,531 2,960 1,740 2, ,658 3,643 5,066 3,019 1, ,955 9,782 26,241 10,766 14,139 1,336 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,277 1,086 1, , ,068 1,834 1, , ,497 1, , ,126 1, , , , ,818 2,240 9,889 6,495 2, , , ,324 3,007 1, Wemen 13,767 9,036 3, , , , , , , , ,165 4,385 1, , ,745 2,