Analysis. Techniques for. Racecar Data. Acquisition, Second Edition. By Jorge Segers INTERNATIONAL, Warrendale, Pennsylvania, USA

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1 Analysis Techniques for Racecar Data Acquisition, Second Edition By Jorge Segers INTERNATIONAL, Warrendale, Pennsylvania, USA

2 Preface to the Second Edition xiii Preface to the First Edition xv Acknowledgments xvii Chapter 1 Introduction What Is This Book All About? What Is Data Acquisition? Hardware H 1.4 Recent Hardware Trends 12 Chapter 2 Data Analysis Software Requirements General Requirements for Data Acquisition Software Different Ways of Displaying Data Keeping Notes with Data Files Mathematical Channels Data Overlays Filtering Exporting Data to Other Software Packages Getting Organized 32 Chapter 3 The Basics Check the Car's Vital Signs Lap Markers and Segment Times Comparing Laps Track Mapping The Beginner's Data Logging Kit A Possible Approach to the Testing of Sensor Readings 72 Chapter 4 Straight-Line Acceleration Torque and Horsepower Traction and Longitudinal Slip TCS and Slip Ratios Time versus Distance The Importance of Corner Exiting Speed Drag Racing Specifics 95 vii

3 Chapter 5 Braking Braking Quickness Braking Effort Braking Points Lock-up Brake Balance Pedal Travel ABS Brake Temperature Measurement 116 Chapter 6 Gearing Up-shifting Down-shifting The Gear Chart Total Gear Ratio Channel Determining Correct Gear Ratios Determining in Which Gear to Take a Corner 136 Chapter 7 Cornering The Cornering Sequence The Traction Circle Effects of Speed Driver Activities That Indicate Vehicle Balance The Understeer Angle Vehicle Balance with a Yaw Rate Sensor Front and Rear Lateral Acceleration 166 Chapter 8 Understanding Tire Performance Estimating Grip Levels Working with Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems Working with Infrared Tire Temperature Sensors Where Does Tire Temperature Come From? Working Temperature Range of the Tires Lateral Load Transfer and Tire Temperature Tire Workload Distribution Camber Evaluation with Tire Temperature Sensors Tire Pressure Evaluation with Tire Temperature Sensors 196 Chapter 9 Quantifying Roll Stiffness Distribution Measuring Suspension Roll Angle The Roll Gradient 201 viii

4 9.3 Using Roll Gradients as a Setup Tool Front to Rear Roll Angle Ratio Using the Roll Ratio as a Setup Tool Suspension Troubleshooting Pitch Gradient 219 Chapter 10 Wheel Loads and Weight Transfer Lateral Weight Transfer Longitudinal Weight Transfer Banking and Grade Effects Total Wheel Loads Determining Wheel Loads with Modal Analysis Measuring Wheel Loads with Suspension Load Cells Tire Spring Rates Chassis Torsion 255 Chapter 11 Shock Absorbers Shock Absorber Velocity Analysis Determining in Which Range to Tune the Shock Absorbers Shock Speed Ranges The Shock Speed Histogram The Shock Speed Box Plot Shock Speed Run Charts 282 Chapter 12 Suspension Analysis in the Frequency Domain Introducing Frequency Analysis Frequency Analysis versus Time-Space Analysis Theoretical Analysis Suspension Optimization Using Frequency Analysis Modal Analysis Modal Frequency Issues Nonlinear Considerations Frequency Analysis from Sensor Data 316 Chapter 13 Aerodynamics Aerodynamic Measurements Air Density Dynamic Pressure Ride Height Measurement Estimating Drag and Downforce from Logged Data The Coast-down Test 334 ix

5 13.7 The Constant Velocity Test ^ 13.8 A Worked out Example of a Straight-Line Test Airbox Efficiency 350 Chapter 14 Analyzing the Driver Improving Driver Performance Driving Style Evaluation Throttle Application Braking Shifting Gears Steering The Driving Line Driver Consistency over Multiple Laps 394 Chapter 15 Simulation Tools Introduction Suspension Kinematics Simulation Lap Time Simulation A Worked out Example How to Integrate Lap Time Simulation in Daily Data Acquisition Tasks Putting the Driver in the Simulation 423 Chapter 16 Using the Data Acquisition System for Race Strategy Fuel Consumption Lap Time Variation a During Race 437 Chapter 17 Data Analysis Using Metrics Wha t Are Metrics? Why Use Metrics? How to Create Metrics 446 Chapter 18 Track Data What Can Be Learned from the Data about the Racetrack? Racetrack Metrics Speed and Gear Histograms The Friction Circle How Bumpy Is the Track Surface? 459 X

6 Chapter 19 Introduction to Measurement Introduction Analog-Digital Conversion: Accuracy Implications Sensor Selection and Application Measurement Uncertainty Temperature Sensors Pressure Sensors Displacement Sensors Acceleration Sensors Speed Sensors Strain Gages Torque Sensors The Pitot Tube Oxygen Sensors GPS Laser Distance Sensors 49^ Surface Acoustic Wave Technology 494 List of Symbols 495 English Letters Greek Symbols 49^ 501 References 503 Bibliography 505 Index 507 About the Author 515 xi

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