MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES MINNESOTA. PUBLIC SAFETY Highway Building, St. Paul, during. Facts on. Ill INNESOT A DEPARTMENT OF

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1 Facts on MOTOR VEHCLE CRASHES ll MNNESOTA during 1973 NNESOT A DEPARTMENT OF PUBLC SAFETY Highway Building, St. Paul, This document is made available electronically by the Minnesota Legislative Reference Library as part of an ongoing digital archiving project.

2 Facts on MOTOR VEHCLE CRASHES ll MNNESOTA during 1973 Highway Safety and Research Section 211 State Highway Building St. Paul, Minnesota May

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4 Table of Contents PART 1. CRASH FACTS SUMMARY PAGE Traffic Crashes, Traffic Fatalities, Traffic njuries, Registered Vehicles, Licensed Drivers, Vehicular Miles Traveled, Fatality Rate Per Hundred Million Vehicle Miles Traveled, Fatality Rate Per 1, Registered Vehicles Fatality Rate Per 1, Population Crash Rate Per Hundred Million Vehicle Miles Traveled Crash Rate Per 1, Registered Vehicles Crash Rate Per 1, Population 13. Minnesota Traffic Toll: 1973 vs. Average Of Fatal Crashes And Fatalities By Month 15. Fatal Crashes By Day Of Week 16. All Crashes By Day Of Week 17. Fatal Crashes By Hour Of Day 18. All Crashes By Hour Of Day 19. Accident Distribution By Day Of Week And Time Of Day, Type Of Crash 21. Fatalities And njuries By Type Of Motor Vehicle Crash n Minnesota, Crashes, Killed, And njured By County For 1973 And The Average Of Fatalities By County Compared With Average 24. Location Of Crashes By Population, County Crash Report Minnesota Motor Vehicle Traffic Crashes By City Groupings 27. Location Of 1973 Crashes By Urban Or Rural Area 28. Light Conditions n 1973 Crashes 29. Road Surface Conditions n 1973 Traffic Crashes 3. Weather Conditions n 1973 Traffic Crashes i

5 Road Mileage Sunnnary Crashes By Type Of Road Classification Mileage And Crash Distribution By Type of Roadway 34. Age Distribution Of Fatalities 35. Age Distribution Of njuries 36. Distribution Of Drivers n 1973 Crashes By Sex And Degree of Severity Comparison Of Male And Female Drivers n Crashes 38. Age Distribution Of Licensed Drivers And Motor Vehicle Crashes, Drivers n 1973 Traffic Crashes 4. Probable Driver Behaviors n 1973 Crashes Vehicle Movements n TwoVehicle Nonntersection Crashes Vehicle Movements n TwoVehicle ntersection Crashes Crash nvolvement Compared With Registrations By Type Of Motor Vehicle 44. Driver Licensing Data, Minnesota Vehicle Registration, Motor Vehicle nspection PART 2. PEDESTRAN NVOLVED CRASHES Pedestrian Crashes, Pedestrians njured, Pedestrians Killed, Pedestrians Killed And njured By Age And Sex, Ages Of Pedestrians Killed And njured n 1973 Compared With The Average Year From Fatal Pedestrian Crashes By Hour Of Day For All Pedestrian Crashes By Hour Of Day For Actions Of Pedestrians Killed, Pedestrian Actions n 1973 Minnesota Fatal Traffic Crashes By Age 1. Pedestrian Actions n 1973 Minnesota Personal njury Crashes By Age PART 3. MOTORCYCLE NVOLVED CRASHES 1. Registered Motorcycles, Motorcycles nvolved n Accidents, Fatalities n Motorcycle Crashes, njuries n Motorcycle Crashes, Severity Of Crashes nvolving Motorcycles And All Other Motor Vehicles, Severity Of njuries nvolving Motorcycles And All Other Motor Vehicles, so so ii

6 PART 4. TRAN NVOLVED CRASHES Number Of Train Crashes 54 PART 5. BCYCLE NVOLVED CRASHES Bicycle Crashes, Bicyclists rijured, Bicyclists Killed, Bicyclists Killed And njured By Age And Sex, PART 6. SNOWMOBLE NVOLVED CRASHES Snowmobile Registrations ssued, Snowmobile Crashes, Types Of Crashes And Number Killed And njured Severity Of Crashes nvolving Snowmobiles And All Other Motor Vehicles, Severity Of njuries nvolving Snowmobiles And All Other Motor Vehicles, PART 7. SCHOOL BUS NVOLVED CRASHES School Buses nvolved n Crashes, PART 8. TEENAGE DRVER CRASH FACTS Total njured (1973) 2. Total Killed (1973) 3. TeenAge Driving Record, Number Of Licensed Drivers By Age, Percent Of TeenAge And Other Licensed Drivers nvolved n Crashes, TeenAge Drivers As A Percent Of All Licensed Drivers And As A Percent Of Drivers n Crashes, Fatal Crashes By Hour Of Day By Age Of Driver, All Crashes By Hour Of Day By Age Of Driver, PART 9. DRNKNG DRVERS AND PEDESTRANS Alcohol Positive Driver Fatalities 2. Drinking Driver Facts, Driver Fatalities, Level Of ntoxication And Age iii

7 Driver Fatalities, Level Of ntoxication And Time Of Crash Driver Fatalities, Level Of ntoxication And Month Of Crash Driver Fatalities, Level Of ntoxication And Road Class Of Crash 7. DW Convictions, Revocations Under The mplied Consent Law, Repeat DW Convictions, Blood Alcohol Levels n 1973 DW Arrests 11. Highway Patrol DW Arrests And Convictions, Blood Alcohol Levels n Statewide DW Arrests, Drinking Pedestrian Facts, Pedestrian Fatalities, Level Of ntoxication By Age iv

8 ntroduction This report has been prepared by the Minnesota Department of Public Safety in accordance with Minnesota Statutes, Section 169.1, for the year The information is derived principally from reports submitted by drivers and police agencies on crashes involving death, personal injury or property damage of $1 or more. Selected highway crash data are presented to determine trends, to point ut problem areas and to establish the dominant characteristics of motor vehicle crashes in Minnesota so that appropriate countermeasures can be implemented. n 1973, 1,24 people were killed and 42,772 injured in 17,956 crashes throughout the state. Over 2.5 million vehicles traveled 24.9 billion miles on 128,32 miles of roadway. Approximately 2.2 million Minnesota citizens had a license to drive last year. n addition to death and injury, the economic loss due to traffic crashes in our state in 1973 has been set at $54,781,5. This figure is derived from cost breakdowns established by the Department of Transportation for fatalities, injuries and damage done in fatal, personal injury and property damage crashes. The report itself is divided into nine parts, the first examining the vehicles, drivers and crashes, the other reviewing pedestrians, alcohol involvement, and selected types of motor vehicle crashes. Graphical charts as well as data tables have been included in the hopes that this will enable the reader to more clearly understand and analyze the trends present in the crash picture for the State of Minnesota through V

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10 PERSONAL LOSS 1,24 KLLED 42,772 NJURED ESTMATED COST ECONOMC LOSS: $54,781,5 vii

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12 PART. Crash Facts Summary Trends by Year, Month, Day, and Hour The year 1973 provided a continuation of the trend for more drivers to drive more vehicles more miles. From a safety standpoint, however, an interesting phenomenon took place during the last few months of the year: Minnesotans began to run out of gas. The increasing volume of automobile sales began to slow and take a dip toward "replacement only" levels, drivers cut back on unnecessary trips, and traffic began to thin on Minnesota roadways. Due partly to these factors, and to a number of safety programs aimed at various segments of the motoring public, Minnesota experienced declines.rather than increases in the number of traffic accidents and fatalities occurring during The number of vehicle miles traveled is perhaps the most important factor to consider (in terms of exposure) when looking at the record. n 1973, each licensed driver traveled an average of 11,436 miles. There was one crash for every 233,58 vehicle miles traveled, and one fatality for every 24,57,313 vehicle miles. Both of these ratios are lower than 1972, indicating the Minnesota drivers had a much better chance during 1973 to drive and survive. n Minnesota summer and fall months tend to contribute larger numbers of fatalities and fatal crashes than the remaining months of the year. During 1973, the months of July through October contributed 41 percent of the fatalities and 4 percent of the fatal crashes. An average of three people per day were killed on Minnesota roadways over that period. Friday and Saturday have consistently accounted for the greatest numbers of accidents. On these two days, 34 percent of all crashes and 36 percent of fatal crashes occurred. Sunday has also consistently shown greater numbers of fatal crashes than other days of the week, though to a lesser extent. f one assumes that vehicular travel (and thus exposure) tends to peak on these three days of the week, which is a fairly solid assumption, then the accident involvement pattern should logically follow that which in fact exists. When all crashes are broken down by hour of day, the 3 to 6 p. m. "rush hour" showed the peak number of crashes. Looking at just fatal crashes, a bimodal pattern appeares, with the peak accident hours being 1 a. m. and between 5 and 7 p.m. Looking at the graphs showing yearly comparisons of crashes and fatal crashes broken down by month, day, and hour, it becomes obvious that the aforementioned patterns appear every year with little, if any variation. 1

13 Types of Crashes The breakdown of 1973 motor vehicle crashes by type indicates that three categories of crashes constituted 91 percent of the total. Crashes involving two motor vehicles in traffic, crashes in which motor vehicles ran off the road, and crashes with parked cars were the three most frequently occurring types, with the "motor vehicle in traffic'' category contributing 68 percent of the total. Accidents involving railroad trains with motor vehicles, and pedestrians with motor vehicles produced the largest fatality per crash ratio in Both of these crash types produced fatalities at a 7 percent rate during this period. n terms of injury and death, pedestrian crashes tend to be the most severe of all the possible accident types. During 1973, pedestrianinvolved accidents produced either injury or death 99 percent of the time. Urban and Rural Configuration The metropolitan areas of Minneapolis, St. Paul and Duluth contributed 31 percent of all crashes but only 12 percent of the fatal crashes during This has generally been the pattern over the years; i.e., the urban areas generally contribute more of the injury and property damage accidents, while most of the fatal accidents take place in rural areas. Road Conditions and Weather Factors The majority of all crashes occurred on clear, dry days, and more than 7 percent of all fatal crashes occurred under these ideal driving conditions. Fatal crashes were fairly evenly divided between the hours of daylight and darkness, although 63 percent of all crashes occurred during daylight hours. Drivers nvolved in Crashes n 1973 there were 18,118 drivers involved in crashes. Of that group, 7.4 percent were males nd 26.2 percent were females. This is a slight increase in the proportion of female involvement over 1972 and an even greater change from the comparison year of What this possibly indicates is that more females are on the roadways driving more miles now than they have in the past, and are thereby increasing their exposure to possible accident involvement. 2

14 Although males made up the greater portion of all drivers in crashes, there proved to be little difference between the sexes in terms of degree of severity of crash. Less than 1 percent of both groups were involved in fatals, about 26 percent were involved in personel injury crashes, and the remaining 73 percent of both groups were involved in property damage crashes. Looking at the ages of all licensed drivers and comparing this with the ages of the driver population involved in crashes results in an interesting pattern. Although almost all of the age groups indicated show some disproportionate involvement in accidents in relation to their relative appearance in the licensed driver population, some age groups show greater disproportion than others. The age group 224 shows the largest disproportion, fol owed closely by the 1519 year olds, and then the 2529 grouping. As one continues up the age range, disproportionate involvement diminishes and becomes insignificant. There are no doubt, a number of reasons for this trend, but the most probable is that the early years are usually the most mobile of the average drivers lif etime, and thus the risk of accident involvement is significantl higher at this point in one's driving life. Vehicle Movements n twovehicle accidents, the most often occurring intersection type crash was that involving two vehicles entering an intersection at right angles. Fortyseven percent of all intersection crashes and 69 percent of all fatal intersection crashes were of this type. n twovehicle nonintersection type crashes, the most frequently occurring incident involved a moving vehicle colliding with a parked unit. Slightly more than onethird of all twovehicle nonintersection crashes were of this type. Although not the most frequently occurring, the headon type crash between two motor vehicles moving in opposite directions had by far the greatest chance for fatal Nearly one of every eighteen crashes of this type a fatality. The only other situation which produced fatalities at anywhere near this ratio was that involving like vehicle movement's, but located at an intersection. Here the ratio was one fatal crash for every fortytwo accidents. 3

15 Motor Vehicles in Crashes There were 2,531,37 vehicles registered in Minnesota during Of these, 2,281 were involved in a crash of some type. Passenger cars made up percent of the registered vehicles and were percent of all vehicles involved in crashes. Trucks accounted for percent of the registered vehicles and comprised about onetenth of the total crash vehicles. Two motor vehicle types stand out as the most hazardous when involved in crashes. Snowmobiles and motorcycles, both of which are openbodied vehicles, have the highest fatal crash to all crash ratio. Nearly one of every sixteen snowmobiles involved in a crash during 1973 was involved in a fatal crash. The ratio for motorcycles was one of thirtynine. No other vehicle types approach these two in incidence of fatal crash to crash involvement. Motor Vehicle nspection There were 89,55 cars; 19,311 trucks; 15,793 school buses and 384 motorcycles inspected in Since 1973 all school buses have been inspected twice yearly; thus the figure for school bus inspections should not be misconstrued to indicate a twofold increase in the actual number of school buses. The number of motorcycles inspected during 1973 almost doubled, while automobiles and trucks maintained much the same inspection levels as in previous years. Even with the increase in numbers inspected, motorcycles still maintained the lowest rejection rate showing a decrease even from the 1972 figure. Automobiles and trucks maintained rejection levels similiar to 1971 and 1972 while the rejection rate for school buses dropped significantly from its level in previous years. Roadway Mileage and Crashes During 1973, Minnesotans traveled billion miles on 128,32 miles of roadway. The trunk highway and interstate systems carried slightly more than 5 percent of this vehicle mileage, while constituting less than 1 percent of the available travelable roadway. Obviously, this led to some very dense traffic at times, especially in the larger metropolitan areas. The truck highway system contributed a slightly higher portion of all accidents (39.2 percent) than any other road system, and by far the greater portion of all fatal crashes (51. 8 percent). This pattern has been recurrent over a period of years and is due largely to the heavy traffic load (vehicle miles) as well as the aging construction (narrow lanes, blind curves, etc. ) and absence of modern high speed safety features on many of the older roadways which make up this, the "backbone" of Minnesota's vehicle movement system. 4

16 . TRAFFC CRASHES, , 11, 15, 1, 93,819 92,91 15,235.,. 99,44 14, ,135 r1.. 17,956.:i 95, 9, 85, 8, 75, 7, 65, 6, 55, 5, 45, 4, 35, t 74,289 ). _ ',, i' ' ' L... i, r ',...t ' \...! L L.. 1 t (l :11 /t.r.. _84,754 83,329 =,: l.,,=_..,...,:., Lr.:.... '.i' : ',..!. '... h _.. :.:! : \, t: : ' _:;:i._,.,.""'.' 1.'"/;. :oii.' "'* "..:,: :, '...:,. :1, _...=. :...'i.,.. =.;. 1:.. _....:. ; w _....,,,. ; ' /., '' T" ' },_ i.,... r '. _c,',l, =, =. r' '. :_f ;, J.,,.;_. '... '. J _7 ;., l : _,, :,. _ J.,_',/ ',:" ' '.. ' L _ 3,.._ :. ' L ;

17 TRAFFC FATALTES, ,1 1, r 1, 6 L.., R]S [7 n. 1 1,24 1 1, 31,. 24. j n 965 _ o ] r n n n,,. i. 1 :. '.,. :!... 1 ".. / i ) ', ' ;! ::' l '.. L \ : 1 r... le 1:, [, : /!! i : j _ l _ '. f' '.... ' : l.,.:

18 TRAFFC NJURES, , 52, 5, 48, 6, 44, 42, 4, 38, 36, 34, 32, 3, 28, 26, 24,

19 2.6 :: 2.53 REGSTERED VEHCLES, J2.39.+t r 2. Cf) 1.8 LL z j J fi...i w.wilil W r a,, r til:'4 intml i. * 1! i 1.2 _._ , LCENSED DRVERS, r L===trr,r,7 Cf) ffi 2. > cc lou'! C) 1.9 ii LL ,. 'l'!r' ' r Joi'"! l :! "il.. _J = 1.11 tii 1.6 M 1.5 ii VEHCULAR MLES TRAVELED, fi*l!+t 22 hi's 1 1 L l!m l 2... LL 18 Cf) z Q 161 _J _J ca l'ii 1 LiiM fi L.i1lil 1911 L :.1 19 :&. J! 8 "',...,_1,......a... '..., :._., ' '...i...l...l...l..l;

20 FATALTY RATE PER HUNDRED MLLON VEHCLE MLES TRAVELED,

21 FATALTY RATE PER 1, REGSTERED VEHCLES FATALTY RATE PER 1, POPULATON r,r+;j=:i + J=:::J_ :. t23.s...,,._ ,;rt++;;;;;;i J,...J _.1 ".:... ' _ 1.!.... ': '... :..., 1: J,,_,.., 12 '

22 CRASH RATE PER 1 MLLON VEHCLE MLES TRAVELED ,.,.._, '"t.ju ,..,., 5, 4, CRASH RATE PER 1, REGSTERED VEHCLES 4.. 4,8 4,7 4,6 4,5 4,4 4,3 4,2 4,1 4,173 4,456,._...,, ' ,7 4, , a , ,464,,., l"'s:. 4,265 (.!...'..., a.: _;, ,9 2,8,2,7 2,6 2,5 2,4 2,3 2,2 2,1 2, CRASH RATE PER 1; POPU LA Tl ON o,. 2,88 n , ,59,_ , ,695! '. i.,.... ' : ::..., ;ii ', '!'',T,.,. _._ 1 2,77...; ' ' '... : =,, j r;: '.. ] " ill_, t'::i i i

23 MNNESOTA TRAFFC TOLL: 1973 VS. AVERAGE OF AVERAGE Deaths 1,18 njuries 39,95 Crashes 12,543 Registered Motor Vehicles 2,24,58 Licensed Drivers 2,7, Vehicle Miles Traveled (Millions) 22, ,24 42,772 17,956 2,531,37 2,2, 25,16 Fatality Rate per 1 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled FATAL CRASHES AND FATALTES BY MONTH 125 Fatal crashes Fatalities JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 12

24 FATAL CRASHES BY DAY OF WEEK Average SUN MON TUE WED THU FR SAT 25, 24, 1. 23, ALL CRASHES BY DAY OF WEEK 1 J Average ,... 21, 1 2, 19, 19, _ 172 _ 18, 17, 16, 15, 14,., _ 13, 12, 11, 1, 9, SUN MON TUE WED THU FR SAT 13

25 FATAL CRASHES BY HOUR OF DAY Average 1973 \ J l1, , '..,,...,,,,, J l V '\... / \,,., A.\, A,./.. l... ',...' '... _... h V,,.. "" "... ' /,, '\\ (J"'" N. AM PM 8 N 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 1, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, l ALL CRASHES BY HOUR OF DAY Average 1973 n JA,, \, Af l\ \\ \,, r,j,,... =,..,,, u l\ l J '.4" ' ",, \\ "'ii..,...ir,.j. rt,.,,, l AM N PM 14

26 ACCDENT DSTRBUTON BY DAY OF WEEK AND TME OF DAY, 1973 HOUR BEGN TOTAL ACC. ALL FATAL MON DAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRDAY ALL FATAL ALL FATAL ALL FATAL ALL FATAL ALL FATAL SATURDAY SUNDAY ALL FATAL ALL FATAL Midnite 2, : a.m. 4, , , : 2, : 1, : : : 1, : 4, : 4, : 3, : 4, : 5, Noon 5, , i...i. U1 1: p.m. 5, , : 6, ,46 6 1, : 8, , , , , , , : 9, , , ,57 8 1, , , : 8, , ,29 7 1, , , : 5, , : 5, , : 4, : 4, : 4, : 4, , Not stated 1, ri 311 L Total Accidents 17, , , , , , , ,

27 TYPE OF CRASH COLLSON WTH: MOTOR VEHCLE N TRAFFC Average ( ( ( \ \ \ ( ( ( ( ( \ { \ \ { ( ( ( ( < ( ( ( ( ( { ( ( { ( { ( 1973 ANMAL Average PARKED MOTOR VEHCLE Crashes Killed nj ured 71, ,719 73, ,248 FXED OBJECT Crashes Killed nj ured 1, , PEDESTRAN Crashes 1,81 Killed 14 njured 1,494 11, ,655 Crashes Killed njured RAN OFF ROAD 3, ,287 3, ,358 BCYCLE Crashes Killed njured 1, ,826 1, ,89 Crashes Killed njured OV ERTURNED ON ROADWAY 1, ,97 13, ,353 1 = ) TRAN Crashes Killed njured , ,24 OTHER Crashes Killed njured OTHER FXED OBJECT & OTHER NONCOLLS ON Crashes Killed njured Crashes Killed njured

28 FATALTES AND NJURES BY TYPE OF MOTOR VEHCLE CRASH N MNNESOTA N 1973* TYP OF CRASH NUMBER OF CRASHES NUMBER OF PERSONS Personal Property njury Types** All Fatal njury Damage Killed njured A B C Fatality Rate Per 1, Crashes '..J Singlevehicle crash: Ran off the road 13, ,229 8, ,353 3,939 2,11 1, Overturned on the road Vehicle collided with: Pedestrian 1, , , Motor vehicle in traffic 73, ,6 56, ,248 9,19 6,48 12, Parked motor vehicle 11, ,338 1,51 6 1, Railroad train Bicyclist 1, , , Animal 1, , Fixed Object 3, ,23 2, , Other Object Other Noncollision TOTALS: 17, ,925 79,153 1,24 42,772 16,772 1,552 15, * All crashes are coded according to the first event; e.g., if a car hits a pedestrian and then a parked car, the crash is coded as a collision with a pedestrian. ** njury type A Visible signs of injury, bleeding wound, distorted member B Other visible injury, such as bruises, abrasions, swelling C No visible injury, but complaint of pain or momentary unconsciousness

29 CRASHES, KLLED, AND NJURED BY COUNTY FOR 1973 AND THE AVERAGE OF COUNTY ALL CRASHES Kl LLED NJ URED ALL CRASHES Kl LLED COUNTY Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg NJURED Avg Aitkin Marshall Anoka 3,392 4, ,776 2,188 Martin Becker Meeker Beltrami Mille Lacs Benton Morrison Big Stone Mower 1,7 1, Blue Earth 1,94 1, Murray Brown Nicollet Carlton Nobles Carver Norman Cass Olmsted 2,251 2, Chippewa Otter Tail Chisago Pennington Clay 1,58 1, Pine Clearwater Pipestone Cook Polk Cottonwood Pope Crow Wing 98 1, Ramsey 16,94 16, Dakota 3,173 3, ,34 1,713 Red Lake Dodge Redwood Douglas Renville Faribault Rice 1,52 1, Fillmore Rock Freeborn 974 1, Roseau Goodhue St. Louis 5,41 5, Grant Scott Hennepin 33,225 33, ,684 12,572 Sherburne Houston Sibley Hubbard Stearns 2,64 2, santi Steele tasca Stevens Jackson Swift Kanabec Todd Kandiyohi Traverse Kittson Wabasha Koochiching Wadena Lac qui Parle Waseca Lake Washington 1,636 2, Lake of the Woods Watonwan Le Sueur Wi lkin Lincoln Wi nona 1,13 1, Lyon Wright McLeod Yellow Medicine Mahnomen TOTA LS 12,553 17,956 1,12 1, ,944 6, ,775 1, ,51 1, ,82 42,772 Cl)...i

30 FATALTES BY COUNTY COMPARED WTH AVERAGE St. Louis ncrease over 2% ncrease 2% and Under.Decrease D No change 19

31 LOCATON OF CRASHES BY POPULAT ON, 1973 ALL CRASHES FATA L CRASH ES PERSONAL NJURY CRASHES PROPERTY DAMAGE CRASH ES KLLED NJURED 18, ,142 14, ,426 MNNEAPO LS (434,4) 12, ,958 9, ,84 DU LUTH (15,578) 2, , w,filjllllii1lllr'rla1 2,515 a 647 1,a BLOOMNGTON (81,97) 25, 5, 17, ,64 13,2 51 6,852 15, , , ,76 12, ,82 9, ,147 26, ,144 17, ,671 RURA L (Under 2,5) 2

32 1973 COUNTY CRASH REPORT PERSONAL PROPERTY ALL FATAL NUMBER NJURY NUMBER DAMAGE COUNTY CRASHES CRASHES KLLED CRASHES NJURED CRASHES Aitkin Anoka 4, ,354 2,188 2,643 Becker Beltrami Benton Big Stone Blue Earth 1, ,464 Brown Carlton Carver Cass Chippewa Chisago Clay 1, ,275 Clearwater Cook Cottonwood Crow Wing 1, Dakota 3, , 111 1,713 2,86 Dodge Douglas Faribault Fillmore Freeborn 1, Goodhue Grant Hennepin 33, ,254 12,572 24,978 Houston Hubbard santi tasca Jackson Kanabec Kandiyohi Kittson Koochiching Lac Oui Parle Lake Lake of the Woods Le Sueur Lincoln Lyon McLeod Mahnomen Marshall Martin Meeker Mille Lacs Morrison Mower 1, Murray

33 PERSONAL PROPERTY ALL FATAL NUMBER NJURY NUMBER DAMAGE COUNTY CRASHES CRASHES KLLED CRASHES NJURED CRASHES Nicollet Nobles Norman Olmsted 2, ,887 Otter Tail Pennington Pine Pipestone Polk Pope Ramsey 16, ,266 6,39 12,638 Red Lake Redwood Renville Rice 1, Rock Roseau St. Louis 5, ,39 1,932 3,923 Scott Sherburne Sibley Stearns 2, ,119 1,915 Steele Stevens Swift Todd Traverse Wabasha Wadena Waseca Washington 2, ,41 Watonwan Wilkin Winona 1, Wright Yellow Medicine TOTALS 17, ,24 27,925 42,772 79,

34 1973 MNNESOTA MOTOR VEHCLE TRAFFC CRASHES BY CTY GROUPNGS PERSONAL PROPERTY ALL FATAL NUMBER NJURY NUMBER DAMAGE CTY GROUP CRASH ES CRASHES K LLED CRASHES NJURED CRASHES A. Pop. 1, or more Minneapolis 18, ,142 6,426 14,25 St. Paul 12, ,958 4,84 9,548 Duluth 2, ,169 B. Pop. 2, 99,999 Austin Bloomington 2, ,86 Brooklyn Center Crystal Edina 1, Mankato 1, ,141 Minnetonka Moorhead 1, Richfield 1, ,7 Rochester 1, ,477 Roseville 1, St. Cloud 1, ,322 St. Louis Park 1, South St. Paul Winona C. Pop. 1, 19,999 Albert Lea Anoka Brainerd Brooklyn Park Burnsville Columbia Heights Coon Rapids Cottage Grove Faribault Fergus Falls Fridley Golden Valley Hibbing Hopkins Maplewood New Ulm Owatonna Red Wing Robbinsdale Virginia West St. Paul White Bear Lake Willmar D. Pop. 5, 9, Alexandria Apple Valley Bemidji B laine Chisholm Cloquet Crookston

35 CTY GROUP Detroit Lakes East Grand Forks Eden Prairie Ely Eveleth Fairmont Falcon Heights Grand Rapids Hastings Hutchinson nternational Fal ls nver Grove Heights Litchfield Little Falls Marshall Mendota Heights Montevideo Mound Mounds View New Brighton Northfield North Mankato North St. Paul Orono Pipestone Plymouth St. Anthony St. Peter Shakopee Shoreview Stillwater Thief River Falls Waseca Worthington E. Pop. 2,5 4,999 Arden Hills Aurora Babbitt Bayport Benson Blue Earth Breckenridge Buffalo Caledonia Cambridge Chanhassen Chaska Circle Pines Deephaven East Bethel East Granite Falls Excelsior ALL CRASHES FATAL CRASHES NUMBER KLLED PERSONAL NJURY CRASHES NUMBER NJURED PROPERTY DAMAGE CRASHES

36 CTY GROUP Farmington Forest Lake Glencoe Glenwood Granite Falls Hoyt Lakes Jackson LaCrescent Lake City Lakeville Lino Lakes Le Sueur Little Canada Luverne Mahtomedi Maple Grove Minnetrista Mora Morris New Hope Newport New Prague Olivia Ortonville Osseo Park Rapids Princeton Proctor Redwood Falls Roseau St. James St. Paul Park Sauk Centre Sauk Rapids Shorewood Silver Bay Sleepy Eye Springfield Spring Lake Park Staples Stewartville Tracy Two Harbors Vadnais Heights Wadena Waite Park Wayzata Wells Windom Woodbury ALL CRASHES FATAL CRASHES NUMBER KLLED PERSONAL NJURY CRASHES NUMBER NJURED PROPERTY DAMAGE CRASHES

37 LOCATON OF 1973 CRASHES BY URBAN OR RURAL AREA ALL CRASHES = 17,956 FATAL CRASHES = % 31.% =2&, 634 Urban = 272 Urban = 81,322 raj.:.. 66 LGHT CONDTONS N 1973 CRASHES ALL CRASHES FATAL CRASHES PERSONAL PROPERTY NJURY DAMAGE CRASHES CRASHES NUMBER _ KLLED NUMBER NJURED Daylight 68, ,816 51, ,683 Darkness 39, ,19 27, ,89 TOTAL 17, ,925 79, 153 1,24 42,772 ALL CRASHES FATA L CRASHES Daylight 63.4% Daylight 47.% 26

38 ROAD SURFACE CONDTONS N 1973 TRAFFC CRASHES ALL CRASHES FATAL CRASHES PERSONAL NJURY CRASHES PROPERTY DAMAGE CRASHES 48, ,212 29,434 WET 16, ,822 1,689 12, ,117 9,398 ALL OTHERS & NOT STATED 3, ,632 TOTAL 17, ,925 79,153 WEATHER CONDTONS N 1973 TRAFFC CRASHES PERSONAL ALL FATAL NJURY CRASHES CRASHES CRASH ES PROPERTY DAMAGE CRASHES 63, ,597 39,979 8, ,992 5,541 4, ,148 3,199 FOG ALL OTHER 3, TOTAL 17, ,925 29,91 79,153 27

39 1973 ROAD MLEAGE SUMMARY TYPE OF ROAD M LES PERCENT nterstate Freeways Open to T raffle 716.6% Trunk Highways 11, County State Aid Highways 29, County Roads 15, Township Road 56, Local Street 12, Other Road 2, TOTAL 128, % 1973 CRASHES BY TYPE OF ROAD CLASSFCATON ROAD CLASS FCATON ALL CRASHES FATAL CRASHES PERSONAL PROPERTY NUMBER OF NUMBER OF NJURY DAMAGE PEOPLE PEOPLE CRASHES CRASHES KLLED NJURED Urban* nterstate 5, , 3 7 4, ,947 Rural nterstate 1, Urban* Trunk Highway 28, ,47 21, ,5 Rural Trunk Highway 1, , , ,251 County State Aid Highway 2, , , ,576 County Road 1, ,197 Township Road 1, Local Street 3 4, , , ,174 Other Road TOTAL 17, ,925 79,15 3 1,24 42,772 * Any builtup area of 2,5 or more population 28

40 1973 MLEAGE AND CRASH DSTRBUTON BY TYPE OF ROADWAY TOTAL VEHCLE MLEAGE Trunk Highway 42.7% All other roads including County State Aid Highways, County Roads, Township Roads, Local Streets, etc. 44.4% nterstate,,r., Trunk Highway Township..._.., Road.. County State Aid Highw y County Roads Local Streets Other Roads TOTAL ROAD MLEAGE 8.9% 44.% ' '...,,... '....,'..., """"'!..., '...,',,,,,, ',... ' ,',, '....,',,, ',, ',,,,, ALL CRASHES 39.2% \' ',, ', ',, ', ',,,, ', ', ' \ \ ' \ ' \ ' \ '' ',,,,, ', ', ',, ', ',, ',,, ',,, ',, '', ',,_ ',, FATAL CRASHES 51.8% 29

41 2% 15% 18.3 AGE DSTRBUTON = OF FATALTES _ PERCENT OF 1% TOTAL KLLED % % 2% n , Not Stated AGE DSTRBUTON 16.8 OF NJURES 15%' PERCENT OF TOTAL NJURED 1% 5% %., Not Stated AGE GROUP up Not Stated TOTAL TOTAL KLLED TOTAL NJURED All Male. Female All Male Female , , ,826 1, ,214 5, , 344 5,199 3, ,196 4,325 2, ,64 1,991 1, , 459 1,744 1, ,612 1,328 1, , , ,579 1, ,772 24,483 18,289 3

42 DSTRBUTON OF DRVERS N 1973 CRASHES BY SEX AND DEGREE OF SEVERTY Male Drivers Number Drivers n: Female Drivers.9% 1, 1 39., FATAL...J11 CRASH ES 23.4% 25.6% PERSONAL...,_ NJURY.,.. CRASH ES 26.4% 73.5% 96,59 PROPERTY DAMAGE CRASH ES 35, % 131, 197 TOTAL DRVERS N ALL CRASH ES1 48, COMPARSON OF MALE AND FEMALE DRVERS N CRASHES PERCENT OF TOTAL DRVERS U) w l _J U) <! <! a: u % 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 1% 1963 U) _J w <! U) <! <! u.. a:.j % Not Stated for % Not Stated for

43 AGE DSTRBUTON OF LCENSED DRVERS AND MOTOR VEHCLE CRASHES, 197L LCENSED DRVERS C l3_ 8_$H_l;S 3% 2% 1% Age 1% 2% 3% 14under.2% 11.7% % % 29.7% % % % % 8 1_,% 7 1 % ?% 6.9% 5.4% 5.2% 4.4% %.. 5.5% 3.1 % 774 _ 2.9%. 4.7% 76over 3.3% % Not Stated 1.%, _, 17.6% Percent of All Licensed Drivers Proportion of All Crashes nvolving This Age Group Proportion of All Fatal Crashes nvolving This Age Group 32 Total Crashes: 17,956. Fatal Crashes: 878 Note: The crash involvement statistics are derived from the actual number of crashes in which each age group appears. Since members of different age groups may appear in the_ same accident, that crash appears twice or more and thus the percentage involvement totals more than 1%.

44 DRVERS N 1973 TRAFFC CRASHES AGE NUMBER OF DRVERS N: ALL FATAL PERSONAL PROPERTY NUMBER CRASHES CRASHES NJURY DAMAGE LCENSED CRASHES CRASHES DRVERS 14under , ,499 21, , , ,134 24, , , ,216 15, , , ,198 1, , ,2 99 2,994 7,99 171, , ,665 7,121 16, , ,614 7,12 164, , ,39 6, , , ,98 5, , ,954 1,551 4,356 12, , ,8 3,176 95, , ,335 67,98 75over 3, ,611 71,94 Not Stated 19, , TOTAL 186,4 1,348 47,15 138,37 2,2, PROBABLE DRVER BEHAVORS N 1973 CRASHES DRVER BEHAVOR NDCATED ALL CRASHES FATAL CRASHES PERSONAL NJURY CRASHES PROPERTY DAMAGE CRASHES llegal / Unsafe Speed 11, ,789 6,515 Traffic Control Violation 2,89 4 1,368 1,41 Over Center Line, Wrong Lane 2, ,47 1,697 mproper Parking, Starting, Stopping 1, ,162 mproper Passing 1, Following Too Closely 4, ,44 2,721 Failure To Yield RightOfWay 12, ,526 7,816 No Signal / mproper Signal Vision Obscurement 2, ,492 Bicycle Violation mpeding Traffic mproper Left Turn 1, mproper Right Turn Other mp roper Turn Beyond Driver's Control 36, ,914 22,814 Defective Equipment 1, Pedestrian Violation Other 14, ,635 87,796 TOTAL 186,4 1,348 47,15 138,37 33

45 1973 VEHCLE MOVEMENTS N TWOVEHCLE NONNTERSECTON CRASHES 1 i l l Cj A i \ OPPOSTE DRECTON BOTH MOVNG All Crashes 1,875 Fatal Crashes 17 Personal njury Crashes 749 Property Damage Crashes 1,19 BOTH SAME D RECTON REAR END S DESWPE All Crashes 2,763 Fatal Crashes 21 Personal njury Crashes 1,27 Property Damage Crashes 1,715 All Crashes 1,495 Fatal Crashes 5 Personal njury Crashes 297 Property Damage Crashes 1,193 ONE VEHCLE PARKED All Crashes 9,375 Fatal Crashes 14 Personal njury Crashes 1,428 Property Damage Crashes 7,933 ALL OTHERS & NOT STATED All Crashes 3,223 Fatal Crashes 4 Personal njury Crashes 85 Property Damage Crashes 2,333 TOTAL TWOVEHCLE NONNTERSECTON CRASHES A 'ONE VEHCLE STOPPED N TRAFFC ONE VEHCLE ENT. OR LVE. PRK. SPACE ON E VEHCLE ENT. OR LVE. ALLEY OR DRVEWAY A All Crashes Fatal Crashes Personal njury 25,65 21 Crashes 6,221 Property Damage Crashes 19,228 Al Crashes 1,856 Fatal Crashes 5 Personal njury Crashes 758 Property Damage Crashes 1,93 All Crashes 1,117 Fatal Crashes Personal njury. Crashes 98 Property Damage Crashes 1,19 All Crashes 3,946 Fatal Crashes 9 Personal i njury Crashes 1,14 Property Damage Crashes 2,923 34

46 ' lj. '... s:oo 1973 VEHCLE MOVEMENTS N TWOVEHCLE NTERSECTON CRASHES A,, /.,/ ' ;, A ENTERNG AT ANGLE All Crashes 15,81 Fatal Crashes 1 31 Personal njury Crashes 5,857 Property Damage Crashes 9,822 SAME DRECT ON BOTH STRAGHT REAR END SDESWPE All Crashes 6,881 All Crashes 55 Fatal Crashes 1 3 Fatal Crashes Personal njury Personal njury Crashes 2,522 Crashes 117 Property Damage Property Damage Crashes 4,346 Crashes 433 SAME DRECTON ONE TURNNG, ONE STRAGHT All Crashes 2,91 Fatal Crashes 1 Personal njury Crashes 874 Property Damage Crashes 2,35 y SAME DRECTON ALL OTHERS All Crashes 1,829 Fatal Crashes 1 Personal njury Crashes 39 Property Damage Crashes 1,519 OPPOSTE DRECTON ALL OTHERS All Crashes 627 Fatal Crashes 7 Personal njury Crashes 174 Property Damage Crashes 446 A NOT STATED All Crashes 1,31 1 Fatal Crashes 8 Personal njury Crashes 318 Property Damage Crashes 985 OPPOSTE DRECTON ON E TURNNG LEFT, GONG STRAGHT ONE STRAGHT All Crashes 168 All Crashes Fatal Crashes 4 Fatal Crashes Personl njury Personai i nfury Crashes 93 Crashes Property Damage Property Damage Crashes 71 Crashes 3, ,419 2,183 TOT AL TWO VEHCLE NTERSECT ON CRASHES All Crashes 33,713 Fatal Crashes 19 Personal njury Crashes 11,683 Property Damage Crashes 2 1,84 35

47 1973 CRASH NVOLVEMENT COMPARED WTH REGSTRATONS BY TYPE OF MOTOR VEH CLE VEHCLES N CRASHES REGSTERED VEHCLES Passenger Passenger Cars73.8% Cars83.4% Other.7% Motorcycles 4. 7% Other 1.7% Buses.3% Taxi, bus School bus. 7% VEHCLES N CRASHES REG STRATONS NUMBER OF VEHCLES N: TYPE 1973 TYPE ALL FATAL PERSONAL PROPERTY MOTOR VEHCLE REGSTRATONS MOTOR VEHCLE CRASHES CRASHES NJURY DAMAGE CRASHES CRASHES Passenger Cars 1,866,756 Passenger Cars 166, , ,466 Trucks Pass. Car & Trailer Gross Weight 385,826 Trk/Trk Tractor 18, ,399 13,51 Farm 14,2 53 Trk Tractor & SemiTrail. 2, ,39 Urban 4,41 Trk Tractor & TwinTrai l. Buses 6,51 Other Truck Comb Motorcycles 119,277 FM Tracior &/or Fm. Recreational 12,318 FM. Equipment Tax Exempt 31,74 Tax icab Bus TOTAL 2,531,37 School Bus Motorcycle 2, , Snowmobile Emergency Vehicles Military Vehicles Other Public Vehicles HitRun Vehicles 6, ,925 Other & Not Stated TOTAL VEHCLES 2,281 1,375 49,1 149,896 36

48 DRVER LCENSNG DATA * 1969* 197* 1971* Number of Licensed Drivers 1,85, 1,9, 1,95, 2,, 2,25, 2,5, 2,125, 2,15, 2,2, Permits ssued 162, ,33 164,33 17, ,61 167, ,11 156,23 162,16 Written Tests 172,3 189, ,475 27,68 241,72 266, ,68 226, 238,482 Road Tests 175, , ,921 2, ,58 221, , , 215,64 Regular Licenses ssued 457,92 455, , , , , , Classified Licenses ssued :** 72,777 63,689 Class A 6,36 62,371 Class B 22,139 24,825 Class C 638, ,493 w.j Duplicate Licenses ssued : 163,752 Endorsements on Licenses 175, ,39 197,779 22,373 29, ,331 19,265 23,836 Motorcycle N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 55,377 School Bus N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 16,469 Driver Evaluations 11,365 13,941 14,189 15,294 14,254 15,21 13,33 18,783 12,744 Driver Evaluation Suspensions 18,884 16,975 16,775 )7,69 16,212 14,669 11,65 11,91 12,11 Safety Responsibility Act Suspensions 24,823 24,81 21,67 19,585 21,62 26,431 23,734 17,734 19,6 Revocations 8,477 8,87 8,912 1,819 11,961 12,134 12,974 12,624 14,987 License Cancellations 3,19 3,53 3,338 4,4 3,54 3,357 3,447 5,656 4,789 Medical Referrals 3,34 4,436 4,894 6,136 4,155 2,752 3,892 2,442 2,724 Referrals to Driver mprovement Clinics 643 Reported Convictions 214, , , , , , , , ,412 *Motorcycle license data are included. **Beginning in 1972, classified licenses were issued.

49 MNNESOTA VEHCLE REG STRATON, TYPE OF VEHCLE Passenger Cars 1,56,21 1,552,54 1,578,791 1,643,25 1,694,936 1,732,67 1,782,734 1,86,394 1,866,756 Trucks Gross Weight 213, , , , ,778 31,15 334, ,1 385,826 Farm 11,274 13,55 14,124 15,74 15,242 15,212 15,22 13,346 14,2 Urban 3,384 3,693 3,925 4,37 4,25 4,42 4,731 4,645 4,41 SUBTOTAL, TRUCKS 318, , , , ,27 419, , ,91 494,436 Tax Exempt 23,613 22,899 25,997 29,63 26,647 24,438 26,296 24,443 31,74 Buses 1,96 2,157 1,943 1,97 1,948 1,799 1,3 2,956 3,19 School Buses 3,821 3,921 4,38 4,314 4,58 4,74 5,93 3,64 3,491 Motorcycles 39,395 49,775 55,892 6,886 61,199 71,914 9,15 13, ,277 co C""') Recreational ,286 4,834 6,592 9,233 12,318 MOTOR VEHCLE SUBTOTAL 1,893,727 1,967,529 2,22,131 2,114,587 2,187,514 2,26,96 2,356,512 2,413,7 2,531,37 Mobile Homes 2 18,955 2,892 23,94 25,997 28,728 34,44 38,67 3,56 64 Trailers 3 67, ,978 79,73 29, ,85 336, , , ,539 SUBTOTAL, TRALERS 86, ,87 12, , , , ,69 429, ,143 Collector's ltem 4 7,779 8,54 9,427 GRAND TOTAL 1,98,469 2,235,399 2,125,18 2,43,79 2,549,327 2,631,222 2,781,9 2,85,789 3,98, Motorpowered vehicles used for human habitation during recreational activities. 2. The reduction in 1972 registrations of mobile homes is due to a change in registration year from January 1 through December 31 to October 1 through September After May 24, 1973 mobile homes are no longer required to be registered with the Department of Motor Vehicles. 4. The number of vehicles registered as collector's items is unknown prior to 1971.

50 MOTOR VEHCLE NSPECTON TYPE OF NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER* VEHCLE DEFECTS REJECTED NSPECTED Cars 68,171 36,1 79,959 Trucks 17,25 8,42 18,5 School Buses 9,162 3,825 8,1 2 Motorcycles TOTAL VEHCLES 94,61 48,287 16,2 15 PERCENT REJ ECTED 45.% 46.5% 47.7% 25.8% 45.5% 1971 TYPE OF NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER VEHCLE DEFECTS REJECTED NSPECTED 2 Cars 67,187 42,19 84,945 Trucks 14,466 1,3 2 1,224 School Buses 2,782 2,468 5,35 Motorcycles TOTAL VEH CLES 84,467 54, ,376 PERCENT REJECTED 49.5% 47.3% 49.% 16.8% 49.% 197 TYPE OF NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER VEHCLE 3 DEFECTS REJECTED NSPECTED Cars 57,92 36, ,7 Trucks 18,33 1,599 19,57 School Buses 2,283 2,223 4,835 TOTAL VEH CLES 78,533 49,1 36 9,475 PERCENT REJECTED 55.% 54. 1% 46.% 54.3% 1969 TYPE OF NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER VEHCLE DEFECTS REJECTED NSPECTED Cars 61,666 37,444 67,354 Trucks 7,241 4,725 8,25 School Buses 3,227 2,869 4,939 Motorcycles TOTAL VEH CLES 72,246 45, 15 8,463 PERCENT REJECTED 55.6% 58.9% 58.1% 77.2% 56. 1% 1 Due to coding errors, 8,858 vehicles inspected in District 25 are riot represented in this table. 2 1ncludes only those vehicles for which complete inspection reports are available. 3 Motorcycles were not inspected in

51 MOTOR VEHCLE NSPECTON 1973 TYPE OF NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER* PERCENT VEH CLE DEFECTS REJECTED NSPECTED REJECTED Cars 78,8 42,19 89, % Trucks 18,393 9,241 19, % School Buses 12,278 5,885 15, % Motorcycles % TOTAL VEH CLES 1,584 57, , % 4 Beginning in 1973 all school buses are inspected twice yearly, thus these figures represent two inspections of the same vehicle. 4

52 PART 2. Pedestrian nvolved Crashes Pedestrians, by virtue of the fact that skin and bone are no match for two tons of steel, are more vulnerable to injury than the victims of any other type crash. Since 1964 there has been an average of 1,954 pedestrian crashes per year, in which an average of 133 fatalities and 1,991 injuries have occurred. During 1973, there were 1,94 pedestrianinvolved crashes in which 149 pedestrians were killed and an additional 1,94 were injured. Both the numbers killed and injured are increases over the 1972 figures, but well below records established in earlier periods. t is normally the very young and the very old age groups that contribute the most to the pedestrian fatality picture. During 1973, nearly 3 percent of the pedestrian fatalities were in the two age groups 59 and 75 or over. njuries provide a somewhat diff erent picture, with the peak number of injuries coming from the ages under fourteen. What this implies is that it is the young who are involved in the majority of pedestrian type crashes, but since they are physically better able to recover from serious injury, they do not contribute as much to the fatality picture as they conceivably could. The very old on the other hand do not mend as easily and thus contribute heavily to the fatality picture even though they appear relatively less often in the overall pedestrian crash picture. Like crashes involving only motor vehicles or motor vehicles and other objects, pedestrianinvolved crashes tended to increase during the peak people movement hours of 3 to 6 p. m. These three hours contribute 32 percent of all pedestrian crashes. The hourly breakdown for fatal pedestrianinvolved crashes also closely follows that for fatal motor vehicle accidents discussed previously. The "rush hour" provides one peak (the largest), with a second smaller peak occurring around 1 a. m. in the morning. 41

53 _PEDESTRAN CRASHES, !_ 2 2,1 2,... 2,26 r (/) (/) 1,9 1,8 1,7 1,6 1,5 1,

54 PEDESTRANS NJURED, ,2 r 2, 1 2P89 2,67 2,92 2, t :: l. r r==7 '..,..,...,..,..,_, T (/) LU :: ::,, 1,9 t., LWJ..1! :. '.' 1...,... r lttllxl ljil!p.,..,, 1,8 1 1 a 1,=.. 1 i :.. 1 'iji]i 1 1. _ i 1 ill., 1 1 J 1<ai H,_ _, 1 1,7 _, h&: L r '; r 1 [ lllihifll Jt.'1 1 1,6 ' 21 P!lil!!.,_ t. :. lb f, 1, l 2, 1,5 t.ll!i! L i5.. ". L 11, l 17 ktif _ 1,4 :....,,_...,.. 1.,.._,.J...J..L..::...L_.L:.,.J L;.L_ J... J ' 1973 PEDESTRANS Kl LLED, , : 157 (/) LU i==... <! <! 14 ii ii1'!: 13 lflll 1 P& 1,.,q rr. '*: 1 lmii: 12 L UP.Jal. t sfal 11:11, s&f!i f n 1 11 lli! l * kuj '1l'llll r _. lwrj Ffjill. ipt2:: 1.aJ d 1 1 u 1. a J llsp1'!i! t. J 1. lad L Wlll 1 1 llilal PEDESTRANS KLLED AND NJURED BY AGE AND SEX, 1973 AGE GROUP TOTAL KLLED TOTAL NJURED MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL J over Not Stated TOTAL , ,94 43

55 AGES OF PEDESTRANS KLLED AND NJURED N 1973 COMPARED WTH THE AVERAGE YEAR FROM PEDESTR ANS 1< 1 LLED PEDESTRANS NJURED Age al 75over Not Stated r 27 TOTAL injuries, 1973 Fatalities, 1973 ll Fatalities, Average njuries, Average 44

56 CJ) w CJ) <( 11 a: 1 u _J 9 <( 8 <( 7 LL FATAL PEDESTRAN CRASHES BY HOUR OF DAY FOR 1973 J' j \. / \,, \ \ H. {''. Vl /' \ /,,, i"... \. M N D AM PM N ' ' ' \ {/) 18 w 17 CJ) 16 <( a: 15 u 14 _J _J 13 <( J\ \, \ ',, ALL PEDESTRAN CRASHES BY HOUR OF DAY FOR 1973 J... \ \ \... /, J.....i / l ', ii,. \ /..._" \ ' \,,, r M N D AM 1 PM 1._ N 45

57 ACTONS OF PEDESTRANS KLLED, 1973 CROSSNG NOT AT NTERSECTON 21 Killed 34 njured. STANDNG N ROADWAY 9 Killed 35 njured CROSSNG AT NTERSECTON 1 Kil led 5 njured WORKNG N ROADWAY 8 Killed 24 njured WALKNG N ROAD WTH TRAFFC 14 Kil l ed 54 njured PLAYNG N ROADWAY 1 Ki lled 32 WALKNG N ROAD AGANST TRAFFC 2 Ki lled 16 njured GETTNG ONOFF VEHCLE OR SCHOOL BUS 2 Killed 32 njured ALL OTHE.RS STATED 67 Ki l l ed?87 njured NOT S,TATED 15 Killed 356 nj ured 46

58 PEDESTRAN ACTONS N 1973 MNNESOTA FATAL TRAFFC CRASHES BY AGE TOTAL ACTON KLLED over Crossing at intersection Crossing not at intersection Walking in road with traffic Walking in road against traffic 2 2 Standing in road Entering or leaving vehicle 1 1 > Crossing to or from school bus 1 1 Working on vehicle in roadway Working in roadway Playing in roadway 1 1 Other in roadway Not in roadway Not stated TOTAL

59 PEDESTRAN ACTONS N 1973 MNNESOTA PERSONAL NJURY CRASHES BY AGE TOTAL NOT ACTON NJURED over STATED, Crossing at intersection Crossing not at intersection Walking in road with traffic Walking in road against traffic Standing in road Entering or leaving vehicle Crossing to or from school bus Working on vehicle in roadway 19, Working in roadway Playing in roadway Other in roadway Not in roadway Not stated TOTAL 1,

60 PART 3. Motorcycle nvolved Crashes The motorcycle has evolved as an inexpensive, quick, sporty means of transportation. More and more people are purchasing and registering these twowheeled motor vehicles each year. Many people are using them daily as a means of transportation to and from work. This increasing usage, coupled with the inherent vulnerability of the motorcycle rider, has led to steadily increasing numbers of injuries and fatalities. Riders of motorcycles are without doubt the most endangered segment of the motorized population which cormnonly utilize the state's roadways. Out of the 2,411 motorcycleinvolved crashes during 1973, only 19 percent were noninjury crashes. This compares with percent of the crashes involving all other vehicle types. Of the 2,3 99 injuries sustained in motorcycleinvolved crashes, 12 percent were of the very minor 'C' type, whereas nearly 6 percent were fatal or serious in nature. By comparison, in crashes involving all other vehicle types, 36 percent of the injuries were of the very minor 'C' type, while less than 4 percent were serious (type 'A') or fatal. n essence, then, motorcycleinvolved crashes 1) are more likely to be fatal; 2) are conducive to more serious injuries; and 3) tend to be injurious to the motorcycle rider more often than not. 49

61 12 REGSTERED MOTORCYCLES, (/) 1 o a: 8 7 O 'J ,5 2,4 2,3 ' 2,2. 2,1 r 2,, 1,9, MOTORCYCLES NVOLVED N ACCDENTS, ,65., , 1 1,8 G 1,7 ' 1 1,6 1,5 1,4 1,3 1,2 ' 1,1 1,, 9 L ,4 1 ::. :.. '... _.....! _ :... : i i ' \:...,:1,. 1, 1,61... "...! J r.....! _ : 1,338 J 98 l D J 1,291 1,7 23 r, l....'. 'C"> ' :

62 FATALTES N MOTORCYCLE CRASHES, w <t: 35 <t: _.. ; zl.... J ',. i,... _rp.. l.:., 25, _. t. J i i,= ', l! r.,,,. ' :, 1 '..., ' 32 C l ij,...,.. ['] ,4 NJURES N MOTORCYCLE CRASHES, ,3 2,2 2, 1 2, 1,9 w 1,8 z 1,7 1,61 1,6 1,5 1,4 1,3 1,2 ',:. 1 ;_ " rj... 1 :! 1,628., r 1,

63 SEVERTY OF CRASHES NVOLVNG MOTORCYCLES AND ALL OTHER MOTOR VEHCLES, 1973 Crashes nvolving Crashes nvolving Motorcycles All Other Vehicle Types FATAL 2.6%!C RASHES.8% 24.7% / PERSONA 78.4% NJURY CRASHES 78, % 19.% 1% 2, % 458 i PROPERTY DAMAGE CRASHES TOTAL CRASHES ALL VEH CLES: 15,545 17,956 SEVERTY OF NJURES NVOLVNG MOTORCYCLES AND ALL OTHER MOTOR VEHCLES, 1973 njuries in Crashes nvolving Motorcycles 65 FATAL NJURY njuries in Crashes nvolving All Other Vehicle Types 959 1% 2.3% 56.8% a A NJURY* JJ 37.2% 28.4% r 12.1% B NJURY C 291 j NJ URY j 1 1% 2,399 TOTAL NJURES ALL VEH CLES: 43,796 15, , % 36.3% 1% *NJURY TYPE A Visible signs of injury, bleeding wound, distorted member B Other visible injury such as bruises, abrasions, swelling C No visible injury, but complaint of pain or momentary unconsciousness 52

64 PART 4. Train nvolved Crashes Although there is no reliable information available as to an increase or decrease in frequency of contact between trains and motor vehicles, accurate information is available as to the outcome of crashes between these types of transportation. n 1973 there were 323 crashes involving railroad trains and motor vehicles. Twentytwo of these crashes were fatal, killing 29 people. The totals and proportions have remained much the same over the years with the chances for fatality always being considerably higher in crashes involving trains than in crashes involving other types of vehicles.,> 7 53

65 NUMBER OF TRAN CRASHES, ALL CRASHES Fatalities 6 Fatal Crashes _

66 PART 5. Bicycle nvolved Crashes The increasing popularity of the bicycle as a means of transportation, method of exercise, and source of pleasure has obviously contributed to an increase in the numbers of this vehicle type on the roadways and consequently increased the chances for bicyclist involvement in motor vehicle crashes. The number of bicycle crashes climbed to an all time high for the fourth straight year during 1973, despite several safety programs aimed specifically at this population. Fortunately, the majority of these accidents produced injury rather than death, with 17 bicyclists killed and another 1,197 injured in the 1,31 bicycleinvolved crashes. The 17 bike deaths represents a significant drop from the 27 deaths in 1972, and marks the lowest bike fatality figure since 1967 when 14 were killed. 55

67 BCYCLE CRASHES, ,4 r PJ 1 1,29 r_j 1,1 r_j 1, r_j 9 r soo r,31 7 t :

68 1,2 BCYCLSTS NJURED, ,1 L : 4 7 1, , 9 U) a: 8 :::> iai 1 : al Fla" 1 5 L. J _ l r.1 l o: 1 i U) LU...J <( <( LL 4 t! [. [,,.., ,. BCYCLSTS Kl LLED, t1 3 t r"'""""" 1 *1,l wiP l"j#s:: P:16.1 r iu:ll ii 5 Q 1 ' r, 1.,, BCYCLSTS KLLED AND NJURED BY AGE AND SEX, 1973 AGE GROUP BCYCLSTS KLLED BCYCLSTS NJURED MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE TCT/l, L over 3 3 Not Stated TOTAL ,197 57

69

70 PART 6. Snowmobile 111\11 nvolved Crashes Like the motorcycle, the snowmobile has entered the limelight in the past few years as a means of opening up Minnesota's great outdoors to larger and larger numbers of people. As an indication of this trend, up through 1972 the number of snowmobile registrations in any one year had more than trippled since During 1973, however, this ever increasing trend took a sharp downward swing, and snowmobile registrations were little more than half of the records high set in This may indicate that purchases of new snowmobiles, as well as re, registration of old ones, has 1) reached saturation levels, or 2) decreased due to climactic conditions not conductive to great quantities of snow cover during the 1973 winter periods. The fuel shortage may also have affected winter recreational trends enough to drop new snowmobile sales. Although registrations have fallen off significantly, snowmobileinvolved motor vehicle crashes reached a record high of 149 in Fortunately, the majority of these accidents were of the personal injury and property damage type, while 1 of them were fatal, killing 11 people. This constitutes a decrease from the peak fatality year of 1972, but is still significantly larger than the previous four year period of The snowmobile rider, like the motorcycle rider, is a very vulnerable individual. The 1973 statistics showed that the snowmobile rider involved in a crash had a better chance of escaping without any type of injury, but had a greater chance of becoming a fatality than the motorcyclist. While as a group, snowmobileinvolved crashes were proportionately less serious (i.e., more of them produced only property damage) than motorcycle accidents, proportionately more of them were fatal accidents. 59

71 9 L6L ll6 L LL6L L6L 696 L 896L ooo'ol ooo'ol 1 "17 '9 1 9 ooo'ol '8 1 6 L6L 896L 1 a3nss SNOl.l'vl:Ll.S D3H 37181/\lMONS ' L

72 SNOWMOBLE CRASHES, ALL CRASHES / l / V,'' PERSONAL NJURY CRASHES / / 19, / FATAL CRASH ES 1 Wlf,/ TYPES OF CRASHES AND NUMBER Kl LLED AND NJURED ALL FATAL PERSONAL PROPERTY YEAR crash ES CRASH ES NJURY DAMAGE CRASHES CRASHES NUMBER KLLED NUMBER NJURED

73 6.7% SEVERTY OF CRASHES NVOLVNG SNOWMOBLES AND ALL OTHER MOTOR VEHCLES, 1973 Crashes nvolving Snowmobiles 1 Crashes nvolving Al l Other Vehicle Types 868, :a FAT AL, t;;:;;;;:;;;;;:;;;;;====:=:1 CRASHES.8% 25.8% 6.4% ;1, f PERSONAL / NJURY CRASHES 79, % 32.9% PROPERTY DAMAGE CRASHES 1% 8.5% 149 TOTAL CRASHES ALL VEHC LES: 17,956 17,87 SEVERTY OF NJURES NVOLVNG SNOWMOBLES AND ALL OTHER MOTOR VEHCLES, % njuries in Crashes njuries in Crashes nvolving Snowmobiles nvolving All Other Vehicle Types 11 FATAL _. 1 ' %...NJURY Ja f//%3})5%5m,,)3 38.3% 52.3% 21.5% 17.7% 1% NJ RY 23 C NJURY TOTAL NJURES 15, ALL VEH CLES: 43,666 43, % 35.3% 1% *NJURY TYPE A Visible signs of injury, bleeding wound, distorted member B Other visible injury such as bruises, abrasions, swelling C No visible injury, but complaint of pain or momentary unconsciousness 62

74 PART 7. School Bus 1111 nvolved Crashes Over the years school buses have generally tended to contribute very little to the state crash picture. n 1973, 421 school buses were involved in 417 crashes. This is less than onehalf of one percent of all crashes involving motor vehicles in the state. Of this group, 116 school buses were involved in 113 personal injury accidents and 4 fatal crashes, killing 4 people. One of the four fatalities was the driver of the other vehicle involved, one was a bicyclist and two were pedestrians, one of which was a young child running to meet the bus. The statistics from 1965 through 1973 shed a very favorable light upon the school bus as a mode of transportation. The number of crashes involving school buses has gone generally upward, which is understandable considering that more buses were on the road transporting more people in recent years. Fatal crashes have fluctuated around a midpoint of three per year since 1965, peaking at four crashes in 1966 and

75 SCHOOL BUSES NVOLVED N CRASHES, ,...,,, 45 4 SCHOOL BUSES N ALL CRASHES SCHOOL BUSES N 15 1 PERSONAL NJURY CRASHES f B _ J _ SCHOOL BUSES N FATAL CRASHES

76 PART 8. TeenAge Driver Crash Facts The teenage driver has been stereotyped as a bad risk, both by insurance companies and by older drivers with whom they share the highways and streets. To a certain degree, such typical appraisals of teenage drivers are correct. n light of recent statistical comparisons, however, teenage drivers show definite improvement and deserve a closer look and fairer evaluation. The teenage driver has always been disproportionately involved in motor vehicle crashes in relation to their actual appearance in the licensed driver population. Although this phenomenon is not unusual (since it is true of most age groups), teenage drivers over the years have normally shown a larger disproportion than other age groups with the exception of the 224 catagory, which exhibits very nearly the same amount of disproportion. t must not be construed that this disproportion has remained static; in fact, from 1964 to 1968 there had been a general widdening of this gap. Since 1968, however, there has been a general narrowing (i.e., decrease) in this disproportion. Other statistics tend to show the same trend. For example, since 1967 the proportion of teenagers involved in crashes compared to the total teenage licensed driver population has generally decreased from 15.6 percent to 11.5 percent in What this seems to show is that programs aimed at the begining driver are paying off in terms of reduced probability of accident involvement. The teenage driver today is a much more experienced individual going into his driving career than his counterpart of five or ten years ago. Yet the aforementioned disproportion continues to exist. The reason why is hidden in a combination of factors, some of which are mobility (i.e., exposure), attitude, and the somewhat fading, yet still strong, mystique of the automobile for the young, which results in greater manipulation and experimentation, and ultimately in greater probability of crash involvement. 65

77 TOTAL ALL LCENSED DRVERS 2,2, Teenage Drivers Licensed Drivers Over 19 Years Old 1,941,5 88.2% TOTAL NJURED 42,772 njured and Killed Teenage Drivers Only TOTAL KLLED 1,24 in Crashes nvolving Only Drivers Over 19 Years Old 66

78 TEENAGE DRVNG RECORD, 1973 TOTAL CRASHES 17,956 FATAL CRASHES 878 D Crashes nvolving Only Drivers Over 19 Years Old Crashes nvolving Drivers Both Over And Under 19 Years of Age Crashes nvolving A Teenage Driver Only PERSONAL NJURY CRASHES 27,925 PROPERTY DAMAGE CRASHES 79,153 67

79 NUMBER OF LCENSED DRVERS BY AGE, YEARS OLD AND OVER YEAR TEENAGE 1,679, ,975 1,677, ,5 1,723,3Q , 7 1,76, ,15 1,798, , 1,828, ,425 1,814, ,75 1,876, ,625 1,911_, ,65 1,941, ,5 _ PERCENT OF TEENAGE AND OTHER LCENSED DRVERS NVOLVED N CRASHES, , 15.6 PERCENT OF LCENSED TEENAGE DRVERS NVOLVED N ALL CRASHES _14.1,,_.,...;:;......;:,_....::,,, =:l., _J ti"" 1 z w u : 1 w ,...,. PERCENT OF LCENSED DR VERS OVER 19 YEARS OLD NVOLVED N ALL CRASHES '

80 TEENAGE DRVERS AS A PERCENT OF ALL LCENSED DRVERS AND AS A PERCENT OF DRVERS N CRASHES, TEENAGE PROPORTON OF ALL DRVERS N : LU 14 O" <( \ z 13 LU LU 12 LU : LU TEENAGE PROPORTON OF ALL LCENSED DR VERS

81 ; J \ \ \ :l ' \ ' i, \ \ FATAL CRASHES BY HOUR OF DAY BY AGE OF DRVER, 1973 """lllii Teenage Driver.nr. Driver, 2 Years and Older r '11.. ' / ',,., \... ii"" \ 3,plllll"" ""' J\.. \ i."' \,,,.. ', 1.. ',_,r, r... ' ' "' /. ""' 7 r'. L... "f ',,... ' J, 1 4' AM N 4i o N PM _ 3QO ALL CRASHES BY HOUR OF DAY BY AGE OF DRVER, 1973 Teenage Driver Driver, 2 Years and Older "t.,_.,,... r,....., \ \ ii.... J ". J ""'11111'11,,.,..._ \ ' V \ nr.. \ f" / l..,.,.._ " ""... " ""... ',...ollli. J... / i, ' ' / J """'"'..,,,,,,,,, '"'" r,...r /... i ""i M 1 N AM 8 PM N

82 9. Pedestrians n 1973, 561 drivers were killed in motor vehicle crashes. Alcohol content was determined for 46 (72.4 percent) of these drivers, with 59.1 percent testing positive and at or above the.1 blood alcoh9l level considered illegal by Minnesota Law. The drinking driver tends t be a danger not only to himself, but to all others sharing the road with him. During 1973, 35. percent of the 24 alcoholpositive drivers were involved in multivehicle crashes, and an additional 6.. percent were involved in singlecar "ranoff.. theroad" and "fixed object" type cra shes. June, August and October provided the largest portions of positivetesting fatal cases, with 13.7 percent, 11.3 percent and 11.3 percent respectively. The hours of midnight to 3 a. m. contributed 35.4 percent of all alcoholpositive cases, while the hours of 6 to 9 p. m. and 9 p. m. to midnight contributed the next highest proportions at 16.7 percent and 24.6 percent respectively. n 1973, there were 13,47 DW (driving while intoxicated) convictions. Out of this group, 16. percent of 2,94 drivers were convicted for the second time or more. Repeat convictions begin to fall off quite sharply after the second conviction, and there are very few people who survive or are caught and convicted five times or more (less than one percent of the total repeat convictions in any one year). Along with this increased number of DW convictions, the number of revocations under the implied consent law reached an all time high of 877 cases during Out of the 149 pedestrians killed in 1973, 73 were tested for alcohol. This is a substantial increase over previous years in which the testing program was operative. Of these 73 alcoholtested pedestrian fatalities, 3 had alcohol in their system, with 23 testing at or above the.1 percent BAG level. Of the positivetesting group, 53.4 percent were between the ages of 162 and 2529, while 16.7 percent were 6 years of age or older. 71

83 1973 ALCOHOLPOSTVE DRVER FATALTES NUMBER OF DRVER PERCENT OF DRVER TYPE OF CRASH FATALTES FATALTES Multivehicle Collision % Ran Off the Road Collision With: Parked Vehicle 1.4 Fixed Object Animal, Other Object, Bicycle. Pedestrian. Railroad Train Snowmobile 1.4 Noncollision ncluding Overturned TOTALS 24 1.% 72

84 DRNKNG DRVER' FACTS, % 1969 % 197 % 1971 % 1972 % 1973 % 1, ,24 1,31 1, people were killed in motor vehicle crashes drivers were killed fatally injured drivers were tested for alcohol of those tested had alcohol in their system (called positive cases) of the positive cases were at or above the. 1% level of intoxication..j v,) of the positive cases were male of the positive cases were female of the positive cases which tested.1% or higher occurred between midnight and 3 a.m of the positive cases were between the ages of 16 and of the 16 to 24yearolds testing positive were at or above.1% of the positive cases were under the legal drinking age* *The age of majority was legally lowered to 18 years of age on June 1, 1973.

85 DRVER ES, LEVEL OF AGE BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATON (PERCENT) AGE TOTAL TOTAL _ TOTAL KLLED TESTED NEGATVE over TOTAL POSTVE PERCENT OF AGE GROUP TESTNG POSTVE PERCENT OF ALL POSTVE CASES j" r up unknown TOTALS

86 1973 DRVER FATALTES, LEVEL OF NTOXCATON AND TME OF CRASH BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATON (PERCENT) TME TOTAL KLLED TOTAL TESTED PERCENT OF PERCENT OF TOTAL TOTAL GROUP ALL POSTVE NEGATVE over POSTVE TESTNG POSTVE CASES.99 Mid3am am6am J Ul 6am9am amNoon Noon3pm 3pm6pm 6pm9pm pmMid unknown TOTALS

87 1973 DRVER FATALTES, LEVEL OF NTOXCATON AND MONTH OF CRASH BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATON (PERCENT) MONTH TOTAL KLLED TOTAL TESTED TOTAL TOTAL NEGATVE over POSTVE PERCENT OF GROUP TESTNG POSTVE PERCENT OF ALL POSTVE CASES January February March April May ' r June July August September October November December TOTALS

88 1973 DRVER FATALTES, LEVEL OF NTOXCAT ON AND ROAD CLASS OF CRASH BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATON (PERCENT) ROAD TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL CLASS KLLED TESTED NEGATVE over POSTVE PERCENT OF GROUP TEST NG POSTVE PERCENT OF ALL POSTVE CASES nterstate (rural) J...J nterstate (urban) Trunk Hwy (rural) Trunk Hwy (urban) County Road City Street ' Township ; Road ' TOTALS

89 REVOCATONS UNDER DW CONVCTONS, THE MPLED CONSENT LAW, , , , , , , , , , , REPEAT DW CONVCTONS, Second Conviction Third Conviction Fourth Conviction Fifth Conviction Sixth Conviction Seventh Conviction Eighth Conviction Ninth Conviction Tenth Conviction Eleventh Conviction Twelfth Conviction ,162 1,316 1,454 1,716 1, Total Repeat Convictions 1, ,27 1,492 1,76 1,915 2,267 2, 4 Total DW Convictions 5,792 5,977 7,431 8,471 8,634 9,687 11,33 13,47 Percent Repeat Convictions 19.2% 15.9% 17.1% 17.6% 2.4% 19.8% 2. 1% 16.% 78

90 BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS N 1973 DW ARRESTS (SAMPLES ANALYZED BY STATE LABORATORY) AGE TOTAL TESTED TOTAL l'jegatve BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATON (PERCENT) over PERCENT OF PERCENT OF TOTAL AGE GROUP TOTAL TESTNG POSTVE POSTVE POSTVE Not Determined and under J ' , , over TOTALS 5, , ,

91 HGHWAY PATROL DW ARRESTS AND CONVCTONS, YEAR NUMBER NUMBER PERCENT ARRESTS CONVCTONS CONVCTONS ,722 3, ,534 2, ,41 1, ,86 1, ,64 1, ,535 1, ,384 1, ,225 1, ,268 1, ,27 1, BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS N STATEWDE DW ARRESTS, (SAMPLES ANALYZED BY STATE LABORATORY) ALCOHOL LEVEL (Percent) Negative (..9) ,154 1,343 1,653 1,985 1, ,63 1,422 1, TOTAL 3,49 3,632 4,33 5,425 5,675 8

92 Additions and Corrections Please note the following changes: 1. Disregard the table on page 79 and insert the accompanying table in its placeo

93

94 BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS N 1973 DW ARRESTS (SAMPLES ANALYZED BY STATE LABORATORY) TOTAL TOTAL BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRP.TON(PERCENT ) TOTAL % AGE AGE TESTED NEGATVE over POS TVE GRP POS Not Determined under % OF ALL POS CASES , , over o TOTAL S 5, , , NOTE : These data refer to analys is of chemical specimens submitted to the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension laboratory by state and local police ag ncies.

95

96 DRNKNG PEDESTRAN FACTS, /U 1969 % 197 % 1971 ;,'., 1972 % 1973 / / pedestrians were killed in motor vehicle crashes 'K fatally injured pedestrians were tested for alcohol of those tested had alcohol in their system (called positive cases) CD of the positive cases were at or above the.1% level of intox ication of the positive cases were 65 or older of the positive cases were under the legal drinking age. K X 'ncludes ped estrians killed in all types of motor vehicle crashes, including those in which the pedestrian was hit subsequent to the initial accident. x "The age of majority was legally lowered to 18 years of age on June 1, 1973.

97 1973 PEDESTRAN FATALTES, LEVEL OF NTOX CATON BY AGE BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATON (PERCENT) AG E TOTAL KLLED TOTAL TESTED TOTAL TOTAL NEGATVE over POSTVE PERCENT OF AGE GROUP TESTNG POSTVE PERCENT OF ALL POSTVE CASES N up TOTALS

98

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