Laboratory Alignment Procedure for Improving Reproducibility of Tyre Wet Grip Measurement
|
|
- Mark Jerome Kennedy
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 EVS28 Seoul, Korea, May 17-20, 2015 Laboratory Alignment Procedure for Improving Reproducibility of Tyre Wet Grip Measurement Kwangki Jeon 1*, Yongho Yoo 1, Jinwoo Lee 1, Dohyun Jung 1, Seolhee Lim 2, Seongwoo Park 2 1 KOREA AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE, 303 Pungse-ro,Pungse-myeon, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan City, Chungnam , Republic of Korea, kkjeon@katech.re.kr 2 KOREA ENERGY MANAGEMENT CORPORATION, Yongin City, Gyeonggi, , Republic of Korea Abstract Korea and EU governments are running the tyre labelling system from All tyres sold in Korea have to carry a label displaying information about two performance criteria such as rolling resistance and wet grip. The rolling resistance of tyres determines their fuel efficiency grading and the wet grip of tyres determines their braking safety grading. Measurement of rolling resistance and wet grip must be reproducible; tests on the same tyres in different laboratories must produce the same results in order to ensure a fair comparison between tyres from different suppliers. In addition, a good reproducibility of testing results prevents market surveillance authorities from obtaining different results from those of the suppliers when testing the same tyres. The laboratory alignment procedure of rolling resistance was developed and published as an EU Commission Regulation No in But the laboratory alignment procedure of wet grip has not developed yet. So there are a lot of differences of wet grip test results among the test laboratories in the world. The proposed new procedure for the alignment of test laboratories with regard to the measurement of tyre wet grip can improve the reproducibility of the wet grip testing results. The proposed wet grip laboratory alignment procedure was verified through five laboratory alignment tests between KATECH and five test laboratories in the world. Keywords: WG(Wet Grip), Tyre Labelling System, Laboratory Alignment Procedure, Reproducibility, BFC(Braking Force Coefficient) 1 Introduction As an effort to reduce exhaust gas emission of the transportation, the improvement of tyre energy efficiency is required. Therefore, tyre manufacturers are trying to develop eco-friendly tyres [1, 2]. The tyre labelling system has been enforced by European Parliament and EU Council since November, 2012 [3] as well as by Korea government since December, 2012 [4]. European tyre label indicates the grade of three performance parameters such as rolling resistance, wet grip and outside rolling noise. All tyres sold in Korea have to carry labels with information about two performance criteria (rolling resistance, wet grip). EU, Japan and Korea s tyre label are shown in Fig. 1. Fuel consumption of cars is related to the rolling resistance of tyres. Wet grip is one of the most important safety characteristics of tyres and it EVS28 International Electric Vehicle Symposium 1
2 is displayed in red box of Fig. 1. Tyres with excellent wet grip will have shorter braking distance on wet road. Figure 1: Tyre Labels of EU, Japan and Korea Measurement of rolling resistance and wet grip for these tyre labels must be reproducible; tests on the same tyres in different laboratories must produce the same results in order to ensure a fair comparison between tyres from different suppliers. In addition, a good reproducibility of testing results prevents market surveillance authorities such as MOTIE and KEMCO of Korea from obtaining different results from those of the suppliers when testing the same tyres. The laboratory alignment procedure of rolling resistance was developed and published as an EU Commission Regulation No in 2011 [5]. But the laboratory alignment procedure of wet grip has not developed yet. So there are a lot of differences of wet grip test results among the test laboratories in the world. In this study, new procedure for the alignment of test laboratories with regard to the measurement of tyre wet grip is proposed in order to improve the reproducibility of the wet grip testing results. The proposed wet grip laboratory alignment procedure was verified through five laboratory alignment tests between KATECH and five test laboratories in the world. 2 Uncertainty Factors of Wet Grip Test 2.1 SRTT Factor Analysis SRTT16 is very important because wet grip index is calculated by using the average peak BFCs(braking force coefficients) of candidate tyre and SRTT16. But there are no guidelines about use period of SRTT16 s in the regulations. Four SRTT16 s which have same DOT (production date) with several different braking times were selected and tested. When the use period of SRTT16 rise from 100 to 800 braking times, average PBFC is increased by 2.4% with some tread wear as shown in Fig. 2 [6]. Average PBFC Figure 2: Effect of braking times of SRTT 2.2 Surface Friction Factor Analysis There is some variation of friction even in the same wet grip test track. So each braking test run should be made at the same spot in one test cycle according to the wet grip test regulation. In order to review the effect of surface friction factor on wet grip, the wet grip test is performed at several positions with different frictional properties of the same wet grip test track using four C1 test tyres as shown in Table 1. Table 1: Specification of Test Tyres ID Usage Size Test Tyre A Summer Tyre 225/40ZR18 Test Tyre B All Season Tyre P205/65R16 Test Tyre C All Season Tyre 205/65R15 Test Tyre D Summer Tyre 245/45ZR18 Average PBFC values of five test tyres are shown in Fig. 3. As friction of test surface increases, both average PBFC of SRTT16 and test tyres increase in proportion. But the change of wet grip index is very little. In the case of test tyre B of Fig. 3, wet gip index is increases by 2.5% [6]. Average PBFC Braking Times Average PBFC Tread depth (mm) Average Braking Force Coefficient Position A Position B Position C Test Tire A Test Tire B Test Tire C Test Tire D SRTT 1 SRTT 2 Figure 3: Effect of Surface Friction on PBFC Tread Depth (mm) EVS28 International Electric Vehicle Symposium 2
3 2.3 Surface Temperature Factor Analysis Wet grip performance of tyres is deeply related to air and surface temperature of test track. In order to review the effect of surface temperature factor on PBFC and wet grip, a lot of wet grip test were performed at several temperature conditions from 5 to 35 in the same position using a C2(light truck) SRTT and three C2 test tyres as shown in Table 2. When surface temperature rise from 5 to 35, average PBFCs of each tyre decrease with different slopes as shown in Fig. 4 because of each tread rubber s characteristics. Table 2: Specification of C2 Tyres ID Usage Size C2 SRTT All Season Tyre 225/75R16C C2 Tyre A Summer Tyre 195/70R15C C2 Tyre B Summer Tyre 185R14C C2 Tyre C All Season Tyre 185R14C Figure 4: The Effect of Wet Surface Temp. on PBFC 2.4 Tyre Factor Analysis For tyre break-in and conditioning, two braking runs shall be performed under the test load, pressure and speed as specified in wet grip test regulation. From the conditioning test results of three new C1(passenger car) tyres show that there is a transition area to be stabilized PBFC values for certain tyres as shown in Fig. 5. A few car makers have their own guidelines on tyre conditioning method using 80 braking runs at 32 kph for their tyre traction correlation test. 3 Laboratory Alignment Test Procedure of Rolling Resistance 3.1 Laboratory Alignment Test Procedure of Rolling Resistance The rolling resistance of tyres determines their fuel efficiency grading. The laboratory alignment procedure of rolling resistance was developed and published as an EU Commission Regulation No ANNEX IVa Laboratory alignment procedure for the measurement of rolling resistance in 2011 [5]. A set of five or more alignment tyres shall be selected for the alignment procedure in compliance with the criteria below. One set shall be selected for C1 and C2 tyres together, and one set for C3(truck and bus) tyres. The set of alignment tyres shall be selected so as to cover the range of different RRCs of C1 and C2 tyres together, or of C3 tyres. RRC values of each alignment tyre of the set shall be spaced out and distributed uniformly as shown in Table 3. Measurement method of RR laboratory alignment test is summarized in Table 4. The reference laboratory shall measure RRC of each alignment tyre four times and retain the three last results for further analysis. 3.2 Laboratory Alignment Test Results of Rolling Resistance KATECH is the unique reference test body and its RR test machine is the unique reference machine in Korea tyre labelling system. From 2011, a lot of laboratory alignment test for RR have been carried out between KATECH and other candidate test laboratories in the world as shown in Fig. 6. Table 3: Tyre Selection of RR Lab. Alignment Test Min. number of Tyres Min. Range of RRC Interval of RRC Section Width Outer Diameter Five (5) 3 kg/t (for C1/C2) 2 kg/t (for C3) (1.0 ± 0.5) kg/t (for C1/C2) (1.0 ± 0.5) kg/t (for C3) 245 mm (for C1/C2) 385 mm (for C3) 510 ~ 800 mm (for C1/C2) 771 ~ 1143 mm (for C3) Figure 5: Effect of Tyre on PBFC EVS28 International Electric Vehicle Symposium 3
4 Table 4: Measurement method of RR Lab. Alignment Test No. of each RRC Test Four (4) No. of Retaining Test Results Last Three (3) RR Test Temp. (25 ± 1) Test Velocity 80 km/h (for C1/C2/C3 K-) 60 km/h (for C3 -J) Test Load 80 % of Max. Load (for C1) 85 % of Max. Load (for C2/C3) Thermal Min. 3 hours (for C1) of Test Tyres Min. 6 hours (for C2/C3) Warm Up Duration 30 min. (for C1) 50 min. (for C2/C3 LI 121) 150 min. (for C3 LI>121, D<22.5) 180 min. (for C3 LI>121, D 22.5) alignment tyre at least ten braking runs and retain the six braking runs results for further analysis. In order to minimize the effect of uncertainty factors to wet grip index, a lot of conditions should be controlled more tightly than those of current wet grip test procedure. Air and surface temperature should be within 10 and 30 for normal tyres. Test load should be (75 ± 1) % of maximum tyre capacity. Maximum braking times of SRTTs should be within 300. Braking zone of wet grip test track should be controlled within ± 2.0 m for longitudinal direction and ± 0.25 m for lateral direction. Maximum deviation of time-topeak of test trailer should be within ± 0.10 s for C1 tyres and ± 0.14 s for C2 and C3 tyres. Tyre conditioning should be carried out at least 40 braking runs at 32 kph for C1 tyres and 25 kph for C2 and C3 tyres. Table 5: Tyre Selection Requirements of WG Lab. Alignment Test Figure 6: Lab. Alignment Test Results of RR Min. number of Tyres Min. Range of WGI Interval of WGI Section Width Outer Diameter Five (5) 0.3 (for C1/C2) 0.2 (for C3) (0.1 ± 0.05) (for C1/C2/C3) 245 mm (for C1/C2) 385 mm (for C3) 510 ~ 800 mm (for C1/C2) 771 ~ 1143 mm (for C3) 4 New Laboratory Alignment Test Procedure of Wet Grip 4.1 New Laboratory Alignment Test Procedure of Wet Grip Tyre selection requirements for the wet grip laboratory alignment test are summarized in Table 5. A set of five or more alignment tyres shall be selected for the wet grip alignment procedure same as RR in compliance with the criteria below. One set shall be selected for C1 and C2 tyres together, and one set for C3 tyres. The set of alignment tyres shall be selected so as to cover the wide range of wet grip index. Wet grip index of each alignment tyre of the set shall be spaced out and distributed uniformly as shown in Table 5. Wet grip laboratory alignment test procedure using a trailer method is summarized in Table 6. The reference laboratory shall measure each 4.2 Laboratory Alignment Test Results of WG with Korean Test Laboratories To verify the proposed wet grip laboratory alignment procedure of 4.1, laboratory alignment tests between KATECH and three test laboratories in Korea. From Fig. 7 to Fig. 9 show the wet grip alignment test results only using C2 tyres between KATECH and three test laboratories. Because of using only C2 tyres, the set of alignment tyres cover quite small (from 0.2 to 0.3) ranges of wet grip index. Nevertheless, the alignment graphs of Fig. 7 to Fig. 9 show good linearity of R 2 values of 0.97, 0.96 and 0.95 respectively. 4.3 Laboratory Alignment Test Results of WG with EU Test Laboratories To verify the proposed wet grip laboratory alignment procedure of 4.1, laboratory alignment EVS28 International Electric Vehicle Symposium 4
5 tests between KATECH and two test laboratories in EU. Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 show the wet grip alignment test results using C1 and C2 tyres between KATECH and two test laboratories. Because of using C1 and C2 tyres, the set of alignment tyres cover wider (from 0.4 to 0.5) ranges of wet grip index in these test cases. The alignment graphs of Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show good linearity of R 2 values of 0.96 and 0.98 respectively. Table 6: Measurement method of WG Lab. Alignment Test (Trailer Method) No. of Braking for each Tyre No. of Retaining Test Results Air/Surface Temp. Test Velocity Test Load Thermal Max. Braking Times of SRTT Braking Zone of Track Track Time-to-Peak Max. Deviation of Time-to-Peak Tyre Ten (10) Six (6) (20 ± 5) (for C1/C2/C3) (Reg. : 5~35 ) (10 ± 5) (for C1 Snow Tyre) (Reg. : 2~20 ) (65 ± 2) km/h (for C1) (50 ± 2) km/h (for C2/C3) (75 ± 1) % (for C1/C2/C3) (Reg. : (75 ± 5) %) Min. 2 hours (for C1/C2/C3) 300 ± 2.0 m for Longitudinal, ± 0.25 m for Lateral (Reg. : ± 2.5 m / ± 0.25 m) Min. 10 braking at 65 kph (for C1) Min. 10 braking at 50 kph (for C2/C3) 0.2 ~ 0.5 s (for C1) 0.2 ~ 1.0 s (for C2/C3) ± 0.10 s (for C1) ± 0.14 s (for C2/C3) 40 braking runs at 32 kph (for C1) (Reg. : 2 braking runs at 65 kph) 40 braking runs at 25 kph (for C2/C3) (Reg. : 2 braking runs at 50 kph) Figure 7: Lab. Alignment Test Results of Wet Grip (KATECH to Korean Test Lab. A) Figure 8: Lab. Alignment Test Results of Wet Grip (KATECH to Korean Test Lab. B) Figure 9: Lab. Alignment Test Results of Wet Grip (KATECH to Korean Test Lab. C) Figure 10: Lab. Alignment Test Results of Wet Grip (KATECH to EU Test Lab. D) Figure 11: Lab. Alignment Test Results of Wet Grip (KATECH to EU Test Lab. E) 5 Conclusion In this paper, a few uncertainty factors of wet grip index such as SRTT, surface friction, surface temperature, tyre conditioning were analyzed using a lot of experiments. And new procedure for wet grip alignment of test laboratories is proposed in order to improve the reproducibility of the wet grip testing results. In order to minimize the effect of uncertainty factors of the wet grip laboratory alignment test, a lot of test conditions such test tyre EVS28 International Electric Vehicle Symposium 5
6 selection, air and track surface temperature, test load, maximum braking times of SRTTs, braking zone of test track, maximum deviation of timeto-peak, braking runs for tyre conditioning are proposed to be controlled. The proposed wet grip laboratory alignment procedure was verified through five laboratory alignment tests between KATECH and five test laboratories in the world. Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy of Korea. References [1] J. Oh, H. Lee, S. Kim, Review of Wet Grip Test Method for Eco-friendly Tyre Labelling, KSAE, [2] I. Kuwayama, H. Matsumoto, H. Heguri, Development of Next Generation Ecology Tire Technology, JSAE, [3] 2011 COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No.228/2011 amending Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the wet grip testing method for c1 tyres. [4] The Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy Notification Number , [5] 2011 COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No.1235/2011 amending Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the wet grip grading of tyres, the measurement of rolling resistance and the verification procedure. [6] Y. Yoo, K. Jeon, D. Jung, S. Hwang, Uncertainty Factor Analysis of Tyre Wet Grip Index for EU and Korea Tyre Labelling System, EVS27, YonghoYoo, Republic of Korea. He received the M.S. degree in mechatronics engineering at Sungkyun kwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea, in His interests are vehicle dynamics, ADAS and tyre wet grip for tyre labeling system. Jinwoo Lee, Republic of Korea. He received the B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung, Republic of Korea, in His research interests are fuel efficiency and tyre rolling resistance for tyre labeling system. DohyunJung, Republic of Korea. He received the Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, in His research interests are vehicle control for chassis systems and ADAS systems. Seolhee Lim, Republic of Korea. She received the B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Incheon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea, in Her research interest is tyre labelling system. Seongwoo Park, Republic of Korea. He received the B.S. degree in public administration from Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, in His research interests are tire energy efficiency, vehicle fuel economy and EV policies. Authors Kwangki Jeon, Republic of Korea. He received the Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, in His research interests are vehicle dynamics, tyre wet grip, ADAS and autonomous vehicle control. EVS28 International Electric Vehicle Symposium 6
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU)
30.11.2011 Official Journal of the European Union L 317/17 COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1235/2011 of 29 November 2011 amending Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council
More informationComparison of Braking Performance by Electro-Hydraulic ABS and Motor Torque Control for In-wheel Electric Vehicle
ES27 Barcelona, Spain, November 7-2, 23 Comparison of Braking Performance by Electro-Hydraulic ABS and Motor Torque Control for In-wheel Electric ehicle Sungyeon Ko, Chulho Song, Jeongman Park, Jiweon
More informationWET GRIP TEST METHOD IMPROVEMENT for Passenger Car Tyres (C1) GRBP 68 th session
Transmitted by the expert from ETRTO Informal document GRB-68-15 (68 th GRB, 12-14 September 2018, agenda item 6) WET GRIP TEST METHOD IMPROVEMENT for Passenger Car Tyres (C1) Overview of Tyre Industry
More informationIntegrated Control Strategy for Torque Vectoring and Electronic Stability Control for in wheel motor EV
EVS27 Barcelona, Spain, November 17-20, 2013 Integrated Control Strategy for Torque Vectoring and Electronic Stability Control for in wheel motor EV Haksun Kim 1, Jiin Park 2, Kwangki Jeon 2, Sungjin Choi
More informationDriving Performance Improvement of Independently Operated Electric Vehicle
EVS27 Barcelona, Spain, November 17-20, 2013 Driving Performance Improvement of Independently Operated Electric Vehicle Jinhyun Park 1, Hyeonwoo Song 1, Yongkwan Lee 1, Sung-Ho Hwang 1 1 School of Mechanical
More informationWET GRIP TEST METHOD IMPROVEMENT for Passenger Car Tyres (C1) Overview of Tyre Industry / ISO activities. Ottawa
WET GRIP TEST METHOD IMPROVEMENT for Passenger Car Tyres (C1) Overview of Tyre Industry / ISO activities Ottawa June 11 th, 2017 1 CURRENT REGULATORY FRAMEWORK CURRENT WET GRIP PROCEDURE TECHNICAL PRINCIPLES
More informationCONSUMER INFORMATION Tyre Labelling 1222/2009. ETRMA CRIA Meeting, Brussels 0ctober Fazilet Cinaralp, Secretary General
CONSUMER INFORMATION Tyre Labelling 1222/2009 ETRMA CRIA Meeting, Brussels 0ctober 26 2010 Fazilet Cinaralp, Secretary General Content 1. The tyre labelling requirements 2. Status of test methods 3. Declaration
More informationMotor Vehicles Working Group (MVWG)
EUROPEAN COMMISSION ENTERPRISE DIRECTORATE-GENERAL Single market, regulatory environment, industries under vertical legislation Automotive industry Motor Vehicles Working Group (MVWG) Brussels, 27 October
More informationANNEXES. to the. Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 17.5.2018 COM(2018) 296 final ANNEXES 1 to 8 ANNEXES to the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the labelling of tyres with respect
More informationStudy on V2V-based AEB System Performance Analysis in Various Road Conditions at an Intersection
, pp. 1-10 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijseia.2015.9.7.01 Study on V2V-based AEB System Performance Analysis in Various Road Conditions at an Intersection Sangduck Jeon 1, Gyoungeun Kim 1 and Byeongwoo
More informationAnalysis of regenerative braking effect to improve fuel economy for E-REV bus based on simulation
EVS28 KINTEX, Korea, May 3-6, 2015 Analysis of regenerative braking effect to improve fuel economy for E-REV bus based on simulation Jongdai Choi 1, Jongryeol Jeong 1, Yeong-il Park 2, Suk Won Cha 1 1
More informationREGULATION No. 117 (Tyres rolling noise and wet grip adhesion) Proposal for amendment to the document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2010/63. Annex 8.
Transmitted by the expert from Japan Informal document No. GRB-51-23-Rev.1 REGULATION No. 117 (Tyres rolling noise and wet grip adhesion) Proposal for amendment to the document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2010/63
More informationAnalysis of Fuel Economy and Battery Life depending on the Types of HEV using Dynamic Programming
World Electric Vehicle Journal Vol. 6 - ISSN 2032-6653 - 2013 WEVA Page Page 0320 EVS27 Barcelona, Spain, November 17-20, 2013 Analysis of Fuel Economy and Battery Life depending on the Types of HEV using
More informationComparison of Braking Performance by Electro-Hydraulic ABS and Motor Torque Control for In-wheel Electric Vehicle
World Electric ehicle Journal ol. 6 - ISSN 232-6653 - 23 WEA Page Page 86 ES27 Barcelona, Spain, November 7-2, 23 Comparison of Braking Performance by Electro-Hydraulic ABS and Motor Torque Control for
More informationWhether you are looking for a performance, passenger or commercial van tire; we ve got the product to suit your lifestyle.
PRODUCT GUIDE 2014-2015 Whether you are looking for a performance, passenger or commercial van tire; we ve got the product to suit your lifestyle. 2 Table of Contents Basic Information Labelling Explained
More informationl Regulatory Committee on tyre labelling
l Regulatory Committee on tyre labelling Implementation of the tyre labelling Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009 Alix Chambris 20/10/2010 Outline.Regulatory Committee.Working plan.draft Regulation on a revised
More informationTHE NETHERLANDS (N E D E R L A N D) COMMUNICATION
Vehicle Technology Division THE NETHERLANDS (N E D E R L A N D) COMMUNICATION Concerning (1) - approval granted - approval extended - approval refused - approval withdrawn - production definitely discontinued
More informationEuropean Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation RETREADED TYRES IMPACT OF CASING AND RETREADING PROCESS ON RETREADED TYRES LABELLED PERFORMANCES
European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation RETREADED TYRES IMPACT OF CASING AND RETREADING PROCESS ON RETREADED TYRES LABELLED PERFORMANCES Content 1. Executive summary... 4 2. Retreaded tyres: reminder
More informationMeeting CRIA - ETRMA October 26, 2010
Meeting CRIA - ETRMA October 26, 2010 1 Content Tyre Homologation Introduction ETRTO General Safety Regulations 661/2009 (Tyre performance thresholds) Interaction between EU and UNECE legislation and type
More informationTHE PRESENT EUROPEAN TYRE DESASTER Egon-Christian von Glasner 28
AKTUÁLNÍ PROBLEMATIKA ŠPATNÉHO STAVU PNEUMATIK V EVROPĚ ABSTRACT: THE PRESENT EUROPEAN TYRE DESASTER Egon-Christian von Glasner 28 Following items will be discussed: 1. The demands of the European Union
More information(Non-legislative acts) REGULATIONS
9.3.2011 Official Journal of the European Union L 62/1 II (Non-legislative acts) REGULATIONS COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 228/2011 of 7 March 2011 amending Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009 of the European
More informationETRTO Update on Rolling Resistance
ETRTO Update on Rolling Resistance ISO 18164 Amdt. ISO 28580 progress. European Tyre Industry proposal to EC. EC consultation. C. Penant ETRTO update on RR GRFF 62 Geneva 27 /09/07. 1 ISO 18164 Amdt. RR
More informationDevelopment of Regenerative Braking Co-operative Control System for Automatic Transmission-based Hybrid Electric Vehicle using Electronic Wedge Brake
World Electric Vehicle Journal Vol. 6 - ISSN 232-6653 - 213 WEVA Page Page 278 EVS27 Barcelona, Spain, November 17-2, 213 Development of Regenerative Braking Co-operative Control System for Automatic Transmission-based
More informationDevelopment of HDV Fuel Economy in Korea
Development of HDV Fuel Economy in Korea 2015. 4. 29 Hwanjung JUNG Contents Overview Tests Procedure Classification Fuel Economy Scenarios issues MRV * Operating System * MRV : Measuring, Reporting, Verifying
More informationAmendments to the 02 series of amendments to Regulation No. 117 (Tyre rolling noise, wet grip adhesion and rolling resistance)
Submitted by the experts from the European Commission and France Informal document GRRF-73-08 (73rd GRRF, 18-20 September 2012 agenda item 7(d)) Amendments to the 02 series of amendments to Regulation
More informationPerformance Analysis of Green Car using Virtual Integrated Development Environment
Performance Analysis of Green Car using Virtual Integrated Development Environment Nak-Tak Jeong, Su-Bin Choi, Choong-Min Jeong, Chao Ma, Jinhyun Park, Sung-Ho Hwang, Hyunsoo Kim and Myung-Won Suh Abstract
More informationVEHICLES I: RATING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
THE INTERNATIONAL TIRE EXHIBITION & CONFERENCE 1725 MERRIMAN ROAD AKRON OHIO 44313-9006 PHONE: 330-836-9180 FAX: 330-836-1005 WWW.RUBBERNEWS.COM TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE FOR LIGHT VEHICLES I: SELECTION
More informationAEB System for a Curved Road Considering V2Vbased Road Surface Conditions
, pp.8-13 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2015.86.03 AEB System for a Curved Road Considering V2Vbased Road Surface Conditions Hyeonggeun Mun 1, Gyoungeun Kim 1, Byeongwoo Kim 2 * 1 Graduate School of
More informationISO 15222:2011- Overview
Informal document GRRF-71-06 (71st GRRF, 13-15 September 2011, agenda item 6(d)) ISO 15222:2011- Overview Images à recevoir Presented by Georges DIMITRI (ISO TC31/SC4-WG9 Chairman) for ISO/TC31 Tyres,
More informationA Tire Friction Characteristic and Braking Performance in High-Speed Driving
A Tire Friction Characteristic and Braking Performance in High-Speed Driing Yum-Rak Oh, Research and Deelopment Center, Hankook Tire, Daejeon, South Korea e-mail:yroh@hankooktire.com Soo-Hyung ee, Je-Won
More informationResearch and Design of an Overtaking Decision Assistant Service on Two-Lane Roads
Research and Design of an Overtaking Decision Assistant Service on Two-Lane Roads Shenglei Xu, Qingsheng Kong, Jong-Kyun Hong and Sang-Sun Lee* Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang
More informationA Study on the Efficiency of Tapered Roller Bearings
A Study on the Efficiency of Tapered Roller Bearings IN WOOK LEE*, DAE YONG LEE*, HEE CHEOL KIM**, KWANG HYUN KIM***, and CHUL KI SONG**** *R&D center, Schaffler Korea, Changwon, Gyeongnam,Korea ** Yongdong
More informationImprovements for reduction of the brake squeal noise at Seoul metro rolling stock on tracks
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 23 (2009) 2206~2214 Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology www.springerlink.com/content/1738494x DOI 10.1007/s122060090518x Improvements for reduction
More informationSwitching Impulse Flashover Tests and Analysis for 765kV Jumper V-strings with Damaged Insulators
J Electr Eng Technol Vol. 8, No. 2: 359-363, 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/jeet.2013.8.2.359 ISSN(Print) 1975-0102 ISSN(Online) 2093-7423 Switching Impulse Flashover Tests and Analysis for 765kV Jumper
More informationecotechnology for Vehicles Program (etv II) 2012 Tire Technology Expo, Cologne, Germany February 14, 2012 RDIMS #
OVERVIEW OF TRANSPORT CANADA S LIGHT DUTY VEHICLE (LDV) TIRE INVESTIGATION AND PLANNED TESTING OF CLASS 8 HEAVY DUTY VEHICLE (HDV) TIRES IN WINTER CONDITIONS ecotechnology for Vehicles Program (etv II)
More informationCHAPTER 4 : RESISTANCE TO PROGRESS OF A VEHICLE - MEASUREMENT METHOD ON THE ROAD - SIMULATION ON A CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER
CHAPTER 4 : RESISTANCE TO PROGRESS OF A VEHICLE - MEASUREMENT METHOD ON THE ROAD - SIMULATION ON A CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER 1. Scope : This Chapter describes the methods to measure the resistance to the progress
More informationOur tyres for summer and winter. Gislaved. A brand of Continental.
Our tyres for summer and winter Gislaved. A brand of Continental. 2 Nordic know-how Gislaved stands for 110 years of experience with a focus on tyres for difficult road conditions. Its Swedish heritage
More informationStudy of Fuel Economy Standard and Testing Procedure for Motor Vehicles in Thailand
Study of Fuel Economy Standard and Testing Procedure for Motor Vehicles in Thailand MR.WORAWUTH KOVONGPANICH TESTING MANAGER THAILAND AUTOMOTIVE INSTITUTE June 20 th, 2014 Overview Background Terminology
More informationE/ECE/324/Rev.2/Add.108/Rev.1/Amend.2 E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2/Add.108/Rev.1/Amend.2
7 December 2017 Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Harmonized Technical United Nations Regulations for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and
More informationNew EU Regulation on General Safety. Implementation of Tyre Aspects
New EU Regulation on General Safety Working Paper No. STD-01-03 1st STD meeting, 23 July 2009, agenda item 2 Implementation of Tyre Aspects Presentation to joint GRB/GRRF meeting. Overview Background.
More informationCharacteristics Analysis of Novel Outer Rotor Fan-type PMSM for Increasing Power Density
Journal of Magnetics 23(2), 247-252 (2018) ISSN (Print) 1226-1750 ISSN (Online) 2233-6656 https://doi.org/10.4283/jmag.2018.23.2.247 Characteristics Analysis of Novel Outer Rotor Fan-type PMSM for Increasing
More informationResearch on Collision Characteristics for Rear Protective Device of Tank Vehicle Guo-sheng ZHANG, Lin-sen DU and Shuai LI
2017 2nd International Conference on Computer, Mechatronics and Electronic Engineering (CMEE 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-532-2 Research on Collision Characteristics for Rear Protective Device of Tank Vehicle
More informationDevelopment of Engine Clutch Control for Parallel Hybrid
EVS27 Barcelona, Spain, November 17-20, 2013 Development of Engine Clutch Control for Parallel Hybrid Vehicles Joonyoung Park 1 1 Hyundai Motor Company, 772-1, Jangduk, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi, 445-706, Korea,
More informationDesign of Sensorless Controlled IPMSM with Concentrated Winding for EV Drive at Low speed
EVS27 Barcelona, Spain, November 17-20, 2013 Design of Sensorless Controlled IPMSM with Concentrated Winding for EV Drive at Low speed Myung-Seop Lim 1, Seung-Hee Chai 1 and Jung-Pyo Hong 1, Senior Member,
More informationParameter design of regenerative braking strategy and battery range of use of electric vehicle using the Optimization Technique
EVS28 KINTEX, Korea, May 3-6, 2015 Parameter design of regenerative braking strategy and battery range of use of electric vehicle using the Optimization Technique Kiyoung Kim 1, Seungwan Son 1, Sukwon
More informationNCC Leisure Battery Verification Scheme. Leisure Accommodation Vehicles
The UK trade body for the caravan, motorhome, caravan holiday and park home industry. NCC Leisure Battery Verification Scheme Leisure Accommodation Vehicles Page 1 of 11 1 Scope The NCC Battery Verification
More informationValidation and Control Strategy to Reduce Fuel Consumption for RE-EV
Validation and Control Strategy to Reduce Fuel Consumption for RE-EV Wonbin Lee, Wonseok Choi, Hyunjong Ha, Jiho Yoo, Junbeom Wi, Jaewon Jung and Hyunsoo Kim School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan
More informationA Brake Pad Wear Control Algorithm for Electronic Brake System
Advanced Materials Research Online: 2013-05-14 ISSN: 1662-8985, Vols. 694-697, pp 2099-2105 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.2099 2013 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland A Brake Pad Wear Control
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 137 (2016 ) GITSS2015
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 137 (2016 ) 244 251 GITSS2015 Simulation Analysis of Double Road Train Adaptability of Highway in China Hao Zhang a,b,*, Hong-wei
More information1614. Dynamic experiment of active accelerator pedal system with a coreless tubular electromagnetic linear actuator
1614. Dynamic experiment of active accelerator pedal system with a coreless tubular electromagnetic linear actuator Jae Yong Lee 1, Ki Bum Lee 2, Jin Ho Kim 3 1 Korea Textile Machinery Research Institute,
More informationTÜV SÜD - Tire Test 2017
TÜV SÜD - Tire Test 2017 205/55 R16 Goodyear Vector 4Seasons Gen-2 Tire Performance Test acc. to PPP 90023A:2014 Test Period: July - August 2017 Report No. 713112421 TIRE DETAILS DIMENSION: 205/55 R16
More informationBattery Thermal Management System in HEV/EV
Battery Thermal Management System in HEV/EV Jun-Young Na and Haeng-Muk Cho* Division of Mechanical Engineering, Kongju National University(KNU), 1223-24, Cheonan-daero, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do,
More informationEffect of driving patterns on fuel-economy for diesel and hybrid electric city buses
EVS28 KINTEX, Korea, May 3-6, 2015 Effect of driving patterns on fuel-economy for diesel and hybrid electric city buses Ming CHI, Hewu WANG 1, Minggao OUYANG State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and
More informationA Study on Energy Usage Efficiency Improvement Scheme in 48V Multi-axis Robot System
International Journal of echanical Engineering and Robotics Research Vol. 6, No. 3, ay 2017 A Study on Energy Usage Efficiency Improvement Scheme in 48V ulti-axis Robot System Sang Hun Lee and Young Duck
More informationPATTERN DIGEST
2017-2018 PATTERN DIGEST 1 PCR PASSENGER CAR RADIAL ZT1000 a. Eco friendly because of the curved edge of pattern blocks that ensures efficient wear resistance, increasing tire service life b. Outer shoulder
More informationStudy on Performance and Exhaust Gas. Characteristics When Biogas is Used for CNG. Converted Gasoline Passenger Vehicle
Contemporary Engineering Sciences, Vol. 7, 214, no. 23, 1253-1259 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikari.com http://dx.doi.org/1.12988/ces.214.49155 Study on Performance and Exhaust Characteristics When Biogas is Used
More informationImplementation of Rolling Resistance in R117
Implementation of Rolling Resistance in R117 Tyre Rolling Resistance Rolling Resistance measuring methods Calibration of RR Machines Questions raised during GRB meeting July 23 1 Tyre Rolling Resistance
More informationAbout Tires. Tire Function. Tire Size Designation For
About Tires Tire Function Over one hundred years' experience of tire technology has enabled Pirelli to combine in their products maximum levels of security, longevity, comfort and attention to the environment.
More informationHigh PAH Oil restriction in tyres. (1) Implication of the restriction for the EU -tyre industry
High PAH Oil restriction in tyres (1) Implication of the restriction for the EU -tyre industry October 6 2011 (2) ETRMA analysis & proposals to strengthen market surveillance General Principle Current
More informationSTUDY ON VEHICLE PULL CHARACTERISTICS ACCORDING TO TIRE TREAD PATTERN
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 9, Issue 5, May 2018, pp. 891 896, Article ID: IJMET_09_05_098 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=9&itype=5
More informationA Comparative Study and Analysis of Emission Norms Adopted by Developed and Developing Nations
A Comparative Study and Analysis of Emission Adopted by Developed and Developing Nations Pankaj Sharma 1, Mohit Yadav 2, Deepak Yadav 3, Devendra Vashist 4 1,2,,3 Student, 4 Professor Automobile Engineering
More informationRoad Vehicle noise Regulations and standardization Impacts and Stakes
GdR 13 et 14 novembre 2012 Road Vehicle noise Regulations and standardization Impacts and Stakes Presented by Louis-Ferdinand PARDO 1 Working groups For automotive standardization : ISO / TC43 / SC1 /
More informationEconomic and Social Council
United Nations Economic and Social Council ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2018/58 Distr.: General 4 April 2018 Original: English Economic Commission for Europe Inland Transport Committee World Forum for Harmonization
More informationA study of the power capacity of regenerative inverters in a DC electric railway system
Energy Management in the Train Operation 35 A study of the power capacity of regenerative inverters in a DC electric railway system C. H. Bae, M. S. Han, Y. K. Kim, S. Y. Kwon & H. J. Park Korea Railroad
More informationDevelopment of the Evaluation Technology of the Braking Test for High-speed Brake Performance Tester
Development of the Evaluation Technology of the Braking Test for High-speed Brake Performance Tester Min-Soo Kim, Jeong-Guk Kim, and Byeong-Choon Goo Metropolitan Railroad System Research Center, Radio-based
More informationDTP Subgroup Ispra, LabProcICE. WLTP 11th DTP Meeting slide 1
Progress Report Lab Process Internal Combustion Engines ( ) slide 1 Overview 1) State of the working progress 2) Issues on DTP level 3) Validation phases 2 and 3 4) Work in progress items / proposals /
More informationInvestigation of CO 2 emissions in usage phase due to an electric vehicle - Study of battery degradation impact on emissions -
EVS27 Barcelona, Spain, November 17 -, 13 Investigation of CO 2 emissions in usage phase due to an electric vehicle - Study of battery degradation impact on emissions - Abstract Tetsuya Niikuni, Kenichiroh
More informationBraking Performance Improvement Method for V2V Communication-Based Autonomous Emergency Braking at Intersections
, pp.20-25 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2015.86.05 Braking Performance Improvement Method for V2V Communication-Based Autonomous Emergency Braking at Intersections Sangduck Jeon 1, Gyoungeun Kim 1,
More informationMaglev(UTM-02) Brake System Change from Pneumatic Bake System to Hydraulic Brake System
IJR International Journal of Railway Vol. 8, No. 1 / March 2015, pp. 30-34 The Korean Society for Railway Maglev(UTM-02) Brake System Change from Pneumatic Bake System to Hydraulic Brake System Kinam Kim,
More informationThe analysis of the PEMS measurements of the exhaust emissions from city buses using different research procedures
The analysis of the PEMS measurements of the exhaust emissions from city buses using different research procedures Jerzy Merkisz, Jacek Pielecha, Pawel Fuc, Piotr Lijewski Poznan University of Technology,
More informationSUMMER, ALL-SEASON AND WINTER TYRES 2017/18
SUMMER, ALL-SEASON AND WINTER TYRES 2017/18 PASSENGER CAR AND VAN SPORTY. STRONG. SAFE! Viking. A brand of Continental. SPORTY. STRONG. SAFE! SUMMER TYRES 2017/18 Viking is a Continental brand developed
More informationCharacteristic analysis of the self-excited eddy current brake according to the parameter variations
EVS8 KINTEX, Korea, May 3-6, 15 Characteristic analysis of the self-excited eddy current brake according to the parameter variations Teachul Jeong 1, Sooyoung Cho 1, Jaenam Bae and Ju Lee 1 1 Hanyang University,,
More informationDEPLOYMENT STRATEGIES FOR CLEAN AND FUEL EFFICIENT VEHICLES: EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION AND SENSITIZATION IN INFLUENCING PURCHASE BEHAVIOUR
DEPLOYMENT STRATEGIES FOR CLEAN AND FUEL EFFICIENT VEHICLES: EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION AND SENSITIZATION IN INFLUENCING PURCHASE BEHAVIOUR Leen GOVAERTS, Erwin CORNELIS VITO, leen.govaerts@vito.be ABSTRACT
More informationEffect of driving pattern parameters on fuel-economy for conventional and hybrid electric city buses
EVS28 KINTEX, Korea, May 3-6, 2015 Effect of driving pattern parameters on fuel-economy for conventional and hybrid electric city buses Ming CHI 1, Hewu WANG 1, Minggao OUYANG 1 1 Author 1 State Key Laboratory
More informationA Study of increasing regeneration energy using Electric Double Layer Capacitor
A Study of increasing regeneration energy using Electric Double Layer Capacitor Oh Jung Kwon*, Chang Kwon Park, Tae Young Kim, Byeong Soo Oh * Digital Control Group, Refrigerator R&D Team, System Appliances
More informationINDUCTION motors are widely used in various industries
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 44, NO. 6, DECEMBER 1997 809 Minimum-Time Minimum-Loss Speed Control of Induction Motors Under Field-Oriented Control Jae Ho Chang and Byung Kook Kim,
More informationScientific expert workshop on CO2 emissions from light duty vehicle Lisbon 7-8 June Session 3: challenges of measuring real driving emissions
Scientific expert workshop on CO2 emissions from light duty vehicle Lisbon 7-8 June 2016 Session 3: challenges of measuring real driving emissions DIRECTION RECHERCHE ET DEVELOPPEMENT Stéphane RIMAUX (Fuel
More informationGeneral Safety Regulation Way Forward for Seat Belt Reminders
AC.nl DG GROWTH General Safety Regulation Way Forward for Seat Belt Reminders Breakfast Debate Fitting Safety as Standard Joanna Szychowska Head of Unit Automotive and Mobility Industries Regulation (EC)
More informationA study on assessment of dropper life for conventional line speed-up
Challenge H: For an even safer and more secure railway A study on assessment of dropper life for conventional line speed-up K. Lee, Y.H. Cho, Y. Park, S.Y. Kwon, S.H Chang Korea Railroad Research Institute,
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF A FAIL-SAFE CONTROL STRATEGY BASED ON EVALUATION SCENARIOS FOR AN FCEV ELECTRONIC BRAKE SYSTEM
International Journal of Automotive Technology, Vol. 13, No. 7, pp. 1067 1075 (2012) DOI 10.1007/s12239 012 0109 1 Copyright 2012 KSAE/ 068 06 pissn 1229 9138/ eissn 1976 3832 DEVELOPMENT OF A FAIL-SAFE
More informationInternational Conference on Mechanics, Materials and Structural Engineering (ICMMSE 2016)
International Conference on Mechanics, Materials and Structural Engineering (ICMMSE 2016) Comparison on Hysteresis Movement in Accordance with the Frictional Coefficient and Initial Angle of Clutch Diaphragm
More informationFIRESTONE TRUCK & BUS
FIRESTONE TRUCK & BUS TYRE RANGE 2014-2015 TABLE OF CONTENT On Road... 4 On/Off Road... 6 Size Availability... 7 European Tyre Label Regulation... 9 FRT & M+S Marking, Alpine Symbol... 10 Technology Guide...
More informationA Study on the Measurement of Contact Force of Pantograph on High Speed Train
ICCAS005 June -5, KINTEX, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea A Study on the Measurement of Contact Force of Pantograph on High Speed Train Sung-Il Seo*, Yong-Hyun Cho**, Jin-Yong Mok***, Choon-Soo Park*** and Ki-Hwan
More informationSUMMER, ALL-SEASON AND WINTER TYRES 2018
SUMMER, ALL-SEASON AND WINTER TYRES 2018 PASSENGER CAR AND VAN SPORTY. STRONG. SAFE! Viking. A brand of Continental. SPORTY. STRONG. SAFE! SUMMER TYRES 2018 Viking is a brand of Continental, developed
More informationCollaborative vehicle steering and braking control system research Jiuchao Li, Yu Cui, Guohua Zang
4th International Conference on Mechatronics, Materials, Chemistry and Computer Engineering (ICMMCCE 2015) Collaborative vehicle steering and braking control system research Jiuchao Li, Yu Cui, Guohua
More informationDesign and Manufacture of Heavy Truck Braking Spray Device Based on PLCS7-200
Sensors & Transducers 2014 by IFSA Publishing, S. L. http://www.sensorsportal.com Design and Manufacture of Heavy Truck Braking Spray Device Based on PLCS7-200 Zuojun SONG Automotive Engineering Department
More informationA Comparative Study on Automotive Brake Testing Standards
J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. C (August 2017) 98(4):527 531 DOI 10.1007/s40032-016-0289-y ARTICLE OF PROFESSIONAL INTEREST A Comparative Study on Automotive Brake Testing Standards Bhau Kashinath Kumbhar 1
More informationANNEXES. to the COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 15.2.2018 C(2018) 863 final ANNEXES 1 to 2 ANNEXES to the COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION amending and correcting Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/208 supplementing Regulation
More information2030. Design and experiments of multi-stage coil gun system
2030. Design and experiments of multi-stage coil gun system Su-Jeong Lee 1, Jin Ho Kim 2, Soo-Hyun Kim 3 1, 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeoungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
More informationEconomic and Social Council
United Nations Economic and Social Council ECE/TRANS/WP.29/GRRF/2018/8 Distr.: General 4 December 2017 Original: English Economic Commission for Europe Inland Transport Committee World Forum for Harmonization
More informationFinite Element Modeling and Analysis of Crash Safe Composite Lighting Columns, Contact-Impact Problem
9 th International LS-DYNA Users Conference Impact Analysis (3) Finite Element Modeling and Analysis of Crash Safe Composite Lighting Columns, Contact-Impact Problem Alexey Borovkov, Oleg Klyavin and Alexander
More informationASTM B117 Testing Quality Control
ASTM B117 Testing Quality Control ASTM B117 Testing, also known as a Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog), is used to analyze relative corrosion for specimens of metals and coated metals exposed
More informationOfficial Journal of the European Union
L 140/8 COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) 2018/829 of 15 February 2018 amending and correcting Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/208 supplementing Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 of the European Parliament
More informationImprovement of Vehicle Dynamics by Right-and-Left Torque Vectoring System in Various Drivetrains x
Improvement of Vehicle Dynamics by Right-and-Left Torque Vectoring System in Various Drivetrains x Kaoru SAWASE* Yuichi USHIRODA* Abstract This paper describes the verification by calculation of vehicle
More informationVehicle Performance. Pierre Duysinx. Research Center in Sustainable Automotive Technologies of University of Liege Academic Year
Vehicle Performance Pierre Duysinx Research Center in Sustainable Automotive Technologies of University of Liege Academic Year 2015-2016 1 Lesson 4: Fuel consumption and emissions 2 Outline FUEL CONSUMPTION
More informationQINGDAO KEBEK TIRE CO.,LIMITED LinGong Road MengYinEconomic Development Zone.Lin Yi City. ShanDong Province P.R. China
Information document No.: XHY-20180109 Page I of I APPLICATION FOR EXTENSION APPROVAL OF A TYPE OF PNEUMATIC TYRE ACCORDING TO ECE REGULATION No.30 02 SERIES OF AMENDMENTS I. 's name and address 2. Tyre
More informationDevelopment of Pushrim-Activated Power-Assisted Wheelchair
Development of Pushrim-Activated Power-Assisted Wheelchair Yoon Heo, Ki-Tae Nam, Eung-Pyo Hong, Mu-Sung Mun Korea Orthopedics & Rehabilitation Engineering Center 26, Gyeongin-ro 10beon-gil, Bupyeong-gu,
More informationThis document is a preview generated by EVS
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18106 First edition 2016-08-15 Passenger car, commercial vehicle, truck and bus tyres Methods for measuring snow grip performance Loaded new tyres Pneumatiques pour voitures
More informationPlug-in Hybrid Systems newly developed by Hynudai Motor Company
World Electric Vehicle Journal Vol. 5 - ISSN 2032-6653 - 2012 WEVA Page 0191 EVS26 Los Angeles, California, May 6-9, 2012 Plug-in Hybrid Systems newly developed by Hynudai Motor Company 1 Suh, Buhmjoo
More informationKey Parameters Investigation on Small Cycle Fuel Injection Quantity for a Diesel Engine Electronic Unit Pump System
Page63 EVS25 Shenzhen, China, Nov 5-9, 21 Key Parameters Investigation on Small Cycle Fuel Injection Quantity for a Diesel Engine Electronic Unit Pump System Abstract Liyun Fan 1, Bingqi Tian 1, and Xiuzhen
More information