PAKISTAN STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR THREE WHEELER AUTO VEHICLES PSS: (R)

Transcription

1 PS (5 th Rev.) ICS No PAKISTAN STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR THREE WHEELER AUTO VEHICLES PSS: (R) PAKISTAN STANDARDS AND QUALITY CONTROL AUTHORITY

2 C o m m i t t e e M e m b e r s L i s t Chairman Mr. Razi-ur-Rahman G.M. HR, Admin & Corporate Affairs, Atlas Honda Ltd km, Lahore-Sheikhupura Road, Sheikhupura , razi.rahman@lhr.atlashonda.com.pk Mr. Munawar Ahmed Khan, MD, Plum Qingqi Motors Ltd. 43-km, Multan Rd., Manga Mandi, Lahore munawar@qingqi.com.pk Engr. Anis-ur-Rehman Executive Director, Master Motorcycles (Pvt.) Ltd. 82-C/1, Gulberg-III, Lahore anisurrehman@master.com.pk, anispk43@hotmail.com Mr. Shahid Nasim Director, Omega Industries 42 km, Ferozepur Road, Kasur orient15@hotmail.com Mr. Jamil Ahmed Director Corporate Planning Division, Pak Suzuki Motor Company Limited, Bin Qasim, Karachi , jamil@paksuzuki.com.pk Engr. M. Farooq Bhatti Director Technical, Blue Star Automobiles Momenpura Road, Darogawala, Lahore bhatti_farooq@yahoo.com Mr. Gohar Ali Plant Manager, Rachna Automobiles (Pvt.) Ltd. Chanab Bank, Wazirabad, Gujranwala gohar_ali14@yahoo.com Mr. Inam-ul-Haq Director, Stahlco Motors (Pvt.) Ltd. 21Km Ferozpur Road, Lahore kingmakerinam@gmail.com Mr. Omer Bashir Plant Manager, SIWA Industries (Pvt.) Ltd. Plot no. 6, Opp. Nizami Engineering Shadbagh Ring Road, Lahore imranqadir1@yahoo.com Mr. Imran Qadir Director SIWA Motors Circuler Road Lahore imran.qadir@yahoo.com Muhammad Ismail Khan Assistant Director (Technical) QCCPITAC Compound, Ferozpur Road Lahore Ismail.khan@yahoo.com Mr. Zubair Aamir G.M. (P), Sazgar Engineering Works Ltd. 18Km, Raiwind Road, Lahore zubairaamir21@yahoo.com Waqas Ahmad Butt C.E.O., Pak Star Automobile (Pvt.) Ltd. 19-km, Multan Rd., Behind Highnoon Labs, Lahore , , (Fax.) pakstarautomobile@hotmail.com Mr. Asif Rehan Dar C.E.O. Stahlco Motors (Pvt.) Ltd. 21Km Ferozpur Road, Lahore stahlco12@yahoo.com Engr. Ali Ahmed Khan A.M. (Production) New Allied Motors , Sundar Industrial Estate, Lahore ali@newalliedmotors.com Mian Abdul Ghaffar C.E.O. Tiger Auto Industry 27/9, QIE, Kot Lakhpat, Lahore tigerauto_ind@hotmail.com Engr. Mustafa Khaqan General Manager, Rachna Automobiles (Pvt.) Ltd. Chanab Bank, Wazirabad, Gujranwala rachnaho@gmail.com Mr. Shahid Pervaiz General Manager, Omega Industries 42 km, Ferozepur Road, Kasur shahper786@hotmail.com Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 2 of 69

3 Mr. Amer Abbas Deputy Manager, PCICS Ltd. Sohrab House, 1-Bank Square,Shahrah-e-Quaid-e-Azam, Lahore Engr. Khalid Hussain Kiyani General Manager, A.K. Auto Industries C-30, Opp: PEPSI Cola, Near Mehran Kanta, SITE, Hyderabad Mr. Akhtar Ali C.E.O., Senior Automobiles (Pvt.) Ltd. 7-A, Punjab Small Industrial Estate, Kot Lakhpat, Lahore Secretariat : Mr. Anees-ur-Rehman Project Manager, Senior Automobiles (Pvt.) Ltd. 7-A, Punjab Small Industrial Estate, Kot Lakhpat, Lahore seniorrozgar@yahoo.com Engr. Razzak Ahmed C.E.O., Metaline Engg. Company 12Km, Multan Road Shahpur, Lahore info@metalinegroup.com 1. Engr. Ashfaque Ahmed Ujjan Assistant Director / Incharge (Automobile Division) Secretary to the NSC/TC Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 3 of 69

4 Table of Contents 0. FOREWORD: SCOPE DEFINITIONS Vehicle Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2 Passenger Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3 Braking system and components Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.4 Vehicle mass Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.5 Attainable speed test Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.6 Emission from Engine Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.7 Sound Level Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.8 Decibel (db) Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.9 Engine Leak Prevention Test Error! Bookmark not defined Engine Idling RPM Test Error! Bookmark not defined Ground Clearance Road Clearance REQUIREMENTS FOR EMISSION MARKING AND LABELLING... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5. CRITERIA FOR LOT AND SAMPLING FOR CONFORMITY TESTING... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.1 Lot Error! Bookmark not defined. 6. TESTING & RECORDS... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.1 General Requirements for Testing Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.3 Test Records Error! Bookmark not defined. 7. VEHICLE SPECIFICATIONS: TABLE-1 63 TABLE-2 65 TABLE-3 66 TABLE-4 66 TABLE-5 67 TABLE-6 67 TABLE OTHERS: ~ 8.6 Distribution Standards of Vehicle Q.A / Q.C Checklist...14 Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 4 of 69

5 PAKISTAN STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR THREE WHEELER AUTO VEHICLES PSS: (R) 0. FOREWORD: 0.1 This Pakistan Standard was endorsed by the National Standard Committee after the draft prepared and finalised by the Technical Committee; Three Wheelers Auto Vehicles and was approved and endorsed by the National Standards Committee on through circulation in the light of decision made by Supreme Court of Pakistan. 0.2 This Pakistan Standard is prepared after taking into consideration the views and suggestions of manufacturers, specialists and utilizing agencies. 0.3 This Pakistan Standard has been revised after taking assistance, from PSQCA Officials, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and stake holders which are acknowledged with thanks; i.e., EPA SRO No. 742(1)/93. (Emission Standard) as amended in 2009 [SRO No. 72(KE)/2009]. 0.4 This Pakistan Standard was first prepared in 2001 and then revised in 2005, 2008 and Now keeping in view, the latest developments for accommodating the amended EPA SRO and the necessary amendments have been made in this standard. 0.5 This standard is subject to periodical review in order to keep pace with developments in technologies. Any suggestion for improvement will be recorded and placed before the concerned committee in due course. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This Standard specifies the requirements for Three-Wheeler Auto Vehicles which have either separate closed rear area or an open platform normally used for the transport of goods and passengers. 1.2 This standard specifies marking, labelling, sampling requirements and distribution criteria for conformity. 1.3 This standard covers safety requirements and limitation of emission of gaseous pollutants & sounds. 1.4 This standard does not cover competition vehicles and special purpose vehicles. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 5 of 69

6 0. DEFINITIONS 2.1 Vehicle 1 A Three-wheeler auto vehicle that is ready to use on road and comprising of the following; single chassis frame complete body, built with hood frame, hood cover and driver seat passenger seats in accordance with the applicable specifications (Tables 3-7) A wind screen At least one head lamp, turn signals, reflectors for vehicle broad configurations (specified in Table 1) Power-train comprising of a single engine/electric motor(s) having suitable power to weight ratio, an efficient and safe transmission and safe braking system An efficient and safe steering system Speedo meter, Neutral indicator and Temperature gauge (for water cooled engines only). Power-driven vehicle: Means any self-propelled road vehicle other than a rail-borne vehicle. Motor vehicle: means any power-driven vehicle which is normally used for carrying persons or goods by road or for drawing, on the road, vehicles used for the carriage of persons or goods. This term embraces trolley-buses, that is to say, vehicles connected to an electric conductor and not rail-borne. It does not cover vehicles such as agricultural tractors, which are only incidentally used for carrying persons or goods by road or for drawing, on the road, vehicles used for the carriage of persons or goods. Passenger: means the Travelers of the vehicle including driver of the vehicle are said to be the passengers. Driver: means the person who operates the machine/vehicle in a manner as specified by the manufacturer. Manufacturer: means the person or body who is responsible to the Type Approval Authority (TAA) for all aspects of the type approval process and for ensuring the conformity of production. It is not essential that the person or body is directly involved in all stages of the construction of the vehicle or component which is the subject of the approval process. Approval of a vehicle: means the approval of a vehicle type with regard to its construction as defined in tables of paragraph3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 the safeties 1 Motor Cab means any Motor Vehicle constructed, adapted or used to carry not more than ten passengers excluding the driver, for hire or reward. As per Section 2 (20) of Motor Vehicles Ordinance 1965 Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 6 of 69

7 . Vehicle Safeties: means the study and practice of design, construction, equipment and regulation to minimize the occurrence and consequences of traffic collisions in paragraph 4,5, & 7, whereas paragraph 6 deals with environment protection. Vehicle type: means a main and sub-category of L-category vehicles which do not differ in such essential respects as: a. The vehicle category, as defined in the paragraph 2. b. The vehicle mass, as defined in paragraph. c. The distribution of the mass between the axles; d. V max; e. A different type of braking device; f. The number and arrangement of the axles; g. The engine type; h. The number and ratios of gears; i. The final drive ratios; j. The tire dimensions. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 7 of 69

8 Classification of vehicles 1. Category L Motor vehicles with less than four wheels 2. "Category L2":A three-wheeled vehicle of any wheel arrangement with an engine cylinder capacity in the case of a thermic engine not exceeding 50 cm 3 and whatever the means of propulsion a maximum design speed not exceeding 50 km/h. 3. "Category L4": A vehicle with three wheels asymmetrically arranged in relation to the longitudinal median plane with an engine cylinder capacity in the case of a thermic engine exceeding 50 cm 3 or whatever the means of propulsion a maximum design speed exceeding 50 km/h (motor cycles with sidecars). 4. "Category L5": A vehicle with three wheels symmetrically arranged in relation to the longitudinal median plane with an engine cylinder capacity in case of a thermic engine exceeding 50 cm 3 or whatever the means of propulsion a maximum design speed exceeding 50 km/h. 5. "Category L6": A vehicle with four wheels whose un-laden mass is not more than 350 kg, not including the mass of the batteries in case of electric vehicles, whose maximum design speed is not more than 45 km/h, and whose engine cylinder capacity does not exceed 50 cm 3 for spark (positive) ignition engines, or whose maximum net power output does not exceed 4 kw in the case of other internal combustion engines, or whose maximum continuous rated power does not exceed 4 kw in the case of electric engines. 6. "Category L7": A vehicle with four wheels, other than that classified for the category L6, whose un-laden mass is not more than 400 kg (550 kg for vehicles intended for carrying goods), not including the mass of batteries in the case of electric vehicles and whose maximum continuous rated power does not exceed 15 kw. **For better understanding of classification of vehicle and the sub-classification of vehicle please see Annex-I. In this annex each vehicle is defined through photographs for easy understanding also because L category of vehicles has very wide range of products and uses in the world that s why its classification is further divided into sub-classification also. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 8 of 69

9 2.2 Passenger A person that travels in the vehicle including driver of the vehicle. 2.3 Braking system and components As defined in PS Annex II 2.4 Vehicle Mass and Dimensions Mass of a vehicle in running order: means the mass of an un-laden vehicle with bodywork, and with coupling device in the case of a towing vehicle, or the mass of the chassis with cab if the manufacturer does not fit the bodywork and/or coupling device, including coolant, oils, 90 per cent of fuel, 100 per cent of other liquids except used waters, tools, spare wheel, driver (75 kg) and, for buses and coaches, the mass of the crew member (75 kg) if there is a crew seat in the vehicle. Laden vehicle mass Auto vehicle laden with the maximum limits of loadable mass as claimed by O.E.M. Un-laden vehicle mass The verifiable vehicle mass as defined by the O.E.M. without any passenger and carriage loads. Maximum dimensions: The maximum dimensions authorized for three or four-wheel motor vehicles are as follows: Length 4.00m Width 2.00m Height 2.50m Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 9 of 69

10 Maximum masses The maximum unladen masses for three or four-wheel motor vehicles are as follows: Three-wheel motor vehicles: 270 kg for mopeds ; of category of L kg for tricycles; of category L4, L5 (no account is taken of the mass of traction batteries for electric vehicles); Four-wheel motor vehicles: 350 light quadricycles; of category L6; 600 kg quadricycles; of category L7 other than light for transport of persons; 750 kg quadricycles; other than light for transport of goods (no account is taken of the mass of traction batteries for electric vehicles). The maximum payloads declared by the manufacturer for three or four-wheel motor vehicles are as follows: Three-wheel mopeds: 300 kg; Light quadricycles: 200 kg; Tricycles: For transport of goods and or passengers: 1500 kg; 2.5 Attainable speed test Max. Speed multiplied by 0.95 that a vehicle can attain when tested on a vehicle test bench without any air resistance simulation mechanism. 2.6 Emission from Engine Smoke, Carbon-monoxide, Hydrocarbon and Oxides of Nitrogen (HC + NOx) in addition to the sound emitted from vehicle during idling [as per SRO 742(1)/93] and load condition. [Smoke valid and HC + NOx optional; till implementation of Ministry of Environment s S.R.O. 72(Ke)/2009]. Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbon compounds derived from non-combustion or incomplete combustion of fuel in the engine emitted during idling and load condition. (To be measured and added to NOx) Oxides of Nitrogen Compound of nitrogen and oxygen resulting from combustion in the engine. (To be measured and added to HC) Carbon-monoxide Carbon-monoxide resulting from incomplete combustion in the engine. Smoke Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 10 of 69

11 The particulate matter emitted through the vehicle exhaust as measure with some suitable equipment (i.e., smoke gun/ pump using ringlemann chart or smoke meter). 2.7 Sound Level Noise It means the root-mean-square of the values measured in dba that are recorded at 7.5 meters from source. dba means the A-weighted sound level in decibels, measured using a sound level meter. Horn Sound It means the root-mean-square of the values measured in dbc that are recorded during testing of the vehicle as emitted from vehicle horn. dbc means the C-weighted sound level in decibels, measured using a sound level meter. 2.8 Decibel (db) It means 20 times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the measured sound pressure relative to a reference sound pressure of 20 mpa. 2.9 Engine Leak Prevention Test Any suitable system to assure leak prevention of engine or its parts Engine Idling RPM Test The rotational speed of an engine in rotations per minute (RPM) at which the engine is in idling condition to ensure uniform engine tune-up of vehicle as tested by any suitable RPM meter Ground Clearance The ground clearance is the amount of space between the base of an automobile tire and the underside of the chassis; or, more properly, to the shortest distance between a flat, level surface, and any part of a vehicle other than those parts designed to contact the ground (such as tires, tracks, skis, etc.). Ground clearance is measured with standard vehicle equipment and is usually given with no cargo or passengers Road Clearance The road Clearance for the purpose of this Pakistan Standard shall be defined as the height of any part of a vehicle that would touch first if the height of a conventional speed breaker (a continuous heaped surface on road perpendicular to the traffic flow direction) is gradually increased. The road clearance is to be measured using laden vehicle with standard vehicle equipment.road clearance may not be affected by the differential or any such part of the vehicle that does not create any hindrance in crossing a conventional speed breaker due to the height provided by tires while crossing such surfaces. 1. REQUIREMENTS FOR EMISSION The requirements for emission shall be met in accordance with EPA Standards for vehicular exhaust & noise, as well as the level of sound emitted from the vehicle horn as mentioned in Table-1. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT The Table below contains the requirements or a group of requirements for the protection of environment, already adopted by the World Forum and included into Regulations. For any requirement or group of requirements, references are given to the relevant regulations by their number in the 1958 Agreement and to the relevant Recommendations and Standard Annexes. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 11 of 69

12 Relevant Documents Subject Regulations annexed to the 1958 Agreement Recommendations PS Standard Annexes A. Pollutant emissions, motor vehicles of L Category. B. Pollutant emissions, motor cycles, mopeds, P.I. engines F. Noise emissions, motor cycles, mopeds , 92 See paragraph SAFTY: GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS The Table below contains the requirements or a group of requirements in the field of general safety, already adopted by the World Forum and included into Regulations. For any requirement or group of requirements, references are given to the relevant regulations by their number in the 1958 Agreement and to the relevant Recommendations and Standard Annexes. L5e L6e L7e Relevant Documents Subject Regulations annexed to the 1958 Agreement Recommendations PS Standard Annexes F. Vehicle alarm and anti-theft systems H. Electromagnetic compatibility J. Safety glazing All A All All All 62 All All All 10 B CP CU K. Speedometer All All All PASSIVE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS The table below contains the requirements or a group of requirements in the field of passive safety, already adopted by the World Forum and included into Regulations. For any requirement or group of requirements, references are given to the relevant regulations by their number in the 1958 Agreement and to the relevant Recommendations and Standard Annexes. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 12 of 69

13 Relevant Documents Subject L5e L6e L7e Regulations annexed to the 1958 Agreements Recommendations PS Standard Annexes K. Restraint systems for adults All A B CP CU 16 - ACTIVE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS The table below contains the requirements or a group of requirements in the field of active safety, already adopted by the World Forum and included into Regulations. For any requirement or group of requirements, references are given to the relevant regulations by their number in the 1958 Agreement and to the relevant Recommendations and Standard Annexes. Category Relevant Documents Subject L5e L6e L7e Regulations annexed to the 1958 Agreement Recommendation s PS Standard Annexes A. Braking, power-driven vehicles, and theirs trailers All A, B CP CU 90, C. Audible warning device All A B CP CU 28 D. Lighting and lightsignaling devices, powerdriven vehicles All A B CP CU 6, 7, 50, E. Head Lamp All A B CP CU 57 K. Retro Reflecting Devices All A B CP CU 3 N. Pneumatic tires, motor cycles/mopeds All A B CP CU 75 Q. Controls, tell-tales, motor cycles, mopeds All A B CP CU 60 S. Indirect vision, motor vehicles All A B CP CU 46 - T. Rear view mirror All A A CP CU 81 - Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 13 of 69

14 Subject Category L5e L6e L7e Regulations annexed to the 1958 Agreement Relevant Documents Recommendation s PS Standard Annexes Emission All A B CP CU 24,40-3. MARKITING AND LABELLING 5.1 At least there shall be affixed, legibly, clearly and permanently; to any part of the engine and chassis of every vehicle; number, letter or mark representing the model of the vehicle corresponding to the engine and chassis. 5.2 Any unit that manufacture (s) products complying with this standard shall use the PS Mark in connection with its products only after having received license from the Pakistan Standard and Quality control Authority. Sale of production without PS Mark is prohibited. 4. CRITERIA FOR LOT AND SAMPLIING FOR CONFORMITY TESTING 6.1 Lot Vehicles of the same type as those previously deemed to comply with this standard, which are manufactured or delivered or purchased at the same time A lot shall not exceed 500 in number for the purpose of QA /QC A minimum number of 10 units must be offered for sampling of 03 units (to be picked up at random) for inspection / surveillance by PSQCA. 5. TESTING &RECORDS In-house testing of samples and test records (as defined at 8.7) shall be maintained for at least six months 5.1 General Required for Testing Calibration All critical analytical equipment shall have an accuracy of measurement to within + 5% (Instruments such as metro tapes, foot scales and beakers are not to be considered mandatory) Exhaust Gas Analyzer (Emission Test): The emission analyzer for CO, HC + NOx determination shall be capable of using ECER 40 method with effect from July 01, 2012 and its availability with the assembly unit shall not be mandatory while NDIR or any other technique based equipment is acceptable till June 30, 2012 for CO. 7.2 The vehicles(s) tested must be approximately horizontal during the test so as to avoid any abnormal distribution of the fuel. 7.3 Test Records In house testing of samples and records of test shall be maintained for a minimum period of six months. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 14 of 69

15 8. CONSTRUCTION OF VEHICLE: S. No. Title 1. The approval of retro-reflecting devices for powerdriven vehicles and their trailers 2. The approval of direction indicators for power-driven vehicles and their trailers 3. The approval of front and rear position lamps, stoplamps and end-outline marker lamps for motor vehicles (except motor cycles) and their trailers 4. the approval of category L 2, L 4 and L 5 vehicles with regard to noise 5. The approval of vehicles with regard to electromagnetic compatibility 6. The approval of: I. Safety-belts, restraint systems, child restraint systems and ISOFIX child restraint systems for occupants of power-driven vehicles II. Vehicles equipped with safety-belts, safety-belt reminder, restraint systems, child restraint systems, ISOFIX child restraint systems and i-size child restraint systems STANDARD/ REGULATION # L2e L4e L5e L6e L7e No. 3 Y Y Y Y Y No.6 Y Y Y Y Y No.7 Y Y Y Y Y No.9 Y Y Y N N No.10 Y Y Y Y Y No.16 Y Y Y Y Y 7. The approval of power-driven vehicle front fog lamps No.19 N Y Y N Y 8. Uniform provisions concerning: I. The approval of compression ignition (C.I.) engines with regard to the emission of visible pollutants II. The approval of motor vehicles with regard to the installation of C.I. engines of an approved type III. The approval of motor vehicles equipped with C.I. engines with regard to the emission of visible pollutants by the engine IV. The measurement of power of C.I. engine 9. The approval of head restraints (headrests), whether or not incorporated in vehicle seats 10. The approval of audible warning devices and of motor vehicles with regard to their audible signals No.24 Y Y Y Y Y N0.25 Y Y Y Y Y No.28 N Y Y N N 11. The approval of filament lamps for use in approved No.37 Y Y Y Y Y PS # Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 15 of 69

16 lamp units of power-driven vehicles and of their trailers 12. The approval of rear fog lamps for power-driven vehicles and their trailers 13. The approval of vehicles with regard to the speedometer equipment including its installation 14-. the approval of motor cycles equipped with a positive-ignition engine with regard to the emission of gaseous pollutants by the engine 15. The approval of safety glazing materials and their installation on vehicles 16. The approval of headlamp cleaners, and of powerdriven vehicles with regard to headlamp cleaners 17. The approval of devices for indirect vision, and of motor vehicles with regard to the installation of these devices 18. The approval of front position lamps, rear position lamps, stop lamps, direction indicators and rearregistration-plate illuminating devices for vehicles of category L 19. The approval of headlamps for motor cycles and vehicles treated as such 20. The approval of power-driven vehicles with handlebars with regard to their protection against unauthorized use 21. The approval of special warning lamps for powerdriven vehicles and their trailers 22. the approval of motor cycle headlamps emitting an asymmetrical passing beam and a driving beam and equipped with halogen filament lamps (HS 1 lamps) 23. The approval of pneumatic tires for motor cycles and mopeds 24. The approval of headlamps for mopeds emitting a driving beam and a passing beam 25. the approval of vehicles of category L 1, L 2, L 3, L 4 and L 5 with regard to braking No.38 N Y Y N Y No.39 Y Y Y Y Y No.40 N Y Y N N No.43 Y Y Y Y Y No.45 Y Y Y Y Y No.46 Y Y Y Y Y No.50 Y Y Y Y Y No.57 N Y Y Y Y No.62 Y Y Y Y Y No.65 Y Y Y Y Y No.72 N Y Y N N No.75 Y Y Y N N No.76 Y N N Y N No.78 Y Y Y N N 26. The approval of rear-view mirrors of two-wheeled power-driven vehicles with or without side car, with No.81 Y Y Y Y Y Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 16 of 69

17 regard to the mounting of rear-view mirrors on handlebars 27 the approval of moped headlamps equipped with filament halogen lamps (HS 2 ) 28. The approval of daytime running lamps for powerdriven vehicles 29. The approval of replacement brake lining assemblies, drum-brake linings and discs and drums for powerdriven vehicles and their trailers 30. The approval of non-original replacement exhaust silencing systems (RESS) for motorcycles, mopeds and three-wheeled vehicles 31. The approval of motor vehicle headlamps emitting an asymmetrical passing-beam or a driving-beam or both and equipped with filament lamps and/or lightemitting diode (LED) modules 32. The approval of motor vehicle headlamps emitting a symmetrical passing beam or a driving beam or both and equipped with filament lamps or gas-discharge light sources No.82 Y N N Y N No.87 Y Y Y Y Y No.90 Y Y Y Y Y No.92 Y Y Y N N No.112 Y Y Y Y Y No.113 Y Y Y Y Y 9. VEHICLE SPECIFICATIONS: 9.1 The specification for Three Wheeler Auto Vehicles shall be in compliance with the tables to follow TABLE-1 Sr. No. MANDATORY REQUIREMENT FOR ALL CATEGORIES OF 3-WHEELER AUTO VEHICLE Detail of Standards Limits (with units) Criteria 1. Exhaust gas emissions (CO) 4.5% (NDIR) max. 2. Exhaust gas emissions (Smoke) 40% or 2 on Ringlemann Chart 3. Vehicle noise emissions (Scale 85 dba (max.) A Noise) 4. Vehicle s Horn sound emission (Scale C) 105 dbc (max.) 5. Parking Brake Mandatory 6. Available seat size per passenger 38cm x 38cm (min.) As per prevalent NEQS To keep a fully laden vehicle stationary when parked at a slope of 15 0 Seat width for driver seat of motorcycle Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 17 of 69

18 7. 8. Available seat backrest per passenger Seating height for each passenger 9. Leg room for each passenger 10. Entrance level for passengers (in case of un-laden vehicle) 11. Drive mechanism 40cm x 38cm (min.) 30cm (min.) 33cm (min.) 30cm 55cm 4 Stroke Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine/Rotary Internal Combustion Engine / Electric Motor 12. Braking System Hydraulic Drum or Discs 13. Transmission Direct / Through Shaft or Chain. 14. Head Lamp 15. Front Side Lamp Units Low beam at 0mm lux(min.) 75mm12500 lux(min.) and shall be adjustable to give a view of the road at 7.5 meter Emitting white light visible from a distance of 7.5 meters in dark. Amber yellow turn signals visible at 45 0 angle from a distance of 15 meters in day lights. rickshaw may be 22 cm (min.) Optional for driver seat. May be reduced to 22 cm (min.) in case bucket seats are used May be reduced to 30 cm (min) in case bucket seat are used and for third row of seats. Shall have suitable power to weight ratio. Mandatory for rear wheels only There shall be reverse gear System. (Optional for Motorcycle Rickshaw) Single light / Double light To be verified by PSQCA (Measuring instrument not mandatory for Unit) To be verified by PSQCA (Measuring instrument not mandatory for Unit) White light emitting lamps shall optional for Motorcycle rickshaws. 16. Rear Lamp Units Tail lamps emitting red light visible from a distance of 15 meters in dark operational when front beam is switched on. Brake indicator lamps emitting red light visible at a distance of 20 meters when operated in day light. Amber yellow turn signals visible at a distance of 15 meters in day light. Reverse gear To be verified by PSQCA (Measuring instrument not mandatory for Unit) Reverse gear indicator lamps shall optional. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 18 of 69

19 indicator lamp emitting white light visible at a distance of 20 meters and giving a reasonable view to driver for reversing the vehicle. 17. Reflector 18. Battery (for all devices except power storage in case of electrically driven vehicle) for gasoline/cng/lpg vehicle 19. Roof height for each passenger To mark not less than 10cm from the extreme boundaries of vehicle. 12 Volts 26 Ah (min.) 96cm (min.) 90cm (min.) 20. Roof Soft Roof Water resistant 21. Wind Screen Glass 22. Wipers Electric / Manual 23. Electrical connections Safety insulated 24. Speedometer/Odometer 25. Turn signal indicator, high beam indicator, neutral / gear indicator With speed indicator and counter with units Shall be provided 26. Spare wheel Shall be provided 27. Rear View mirrors Shall be provided at both sides 28. Body construction Shall be well fitted / assembled. 29. Partitions Safety bars 30. Attainable speed 40 km/hr (min.) The size of each reflector must be 400mm 2 at each side. In case of Motorcycle rickshaw 2.5Ah shall be allowed. To be measured from highest point of Seat(s) vertically upwards. Shall cover all area from wind screen to extreme rear and sides. Clear enough that would not cause distortion of vision. Shall be provided to clear at least 30% of screen area. Shall have proper colour coding. Shall be tested and certified by supplier. With proper lighting colour scheme. Jack and wheel spanner shall be provided Shall provide a clear view of rear total Shall provide protection from dust through floor and abnormal vibration with suitable strengths. Shall be provided between each seating row / compartment. Shall be measured using a laden vehicle. (May be Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 19 of 69

20 25km/hr for electric vehicles). 31. CNG / LPG cylinders & kits OGRA approved As per valid S.R.O 32. Exhaust muffler Extended beyond rear seat back Not to extend beyond extreme rear of body and shall be nearly 33. Rear Seating protection (in case the last row of seat(s) faces backwards of the vehicle. At least a safety bar/chain horizontal. Extended from one side of the vehicle to the other at extreme rear and above the seating height but not above the minimum backrest height 9.2 The three-wheeler auto vehicle shall be categorized in accordance with following criteria; TABLE-2 Single- Seat three-wheeler auto vehicle (loader/pickup) 150 cc minimum. Sr.No. Details of standards Limits (with units) Criteria 1. Over all vehicle 400 cm length (max.) To be measured using extreme ends. 2. Over all vehicle 115 cm-150 with folded cm mirrors To be measured using extreme ends. 3. Wheel track 100 cm 145cm 4. Wheel base 165 cm - 5. Turning circle diameter 6. Over hang 7. Road clearance 8. Fuel efficiency (min.) 250 cm 700 cm (max.) 95 cm (max.) 10 cm (min.) 15 km/ltr for gasoline 20 km/kg for CNG 25 km/kg for LPG 3Km/k Wh for Electric vehicles To be measured for both sides Verification shall be done on horizontal metalled road having no obstructions and fully laden during no ambient winds. [One fuel system as selected by OEM shall be used to verify] Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 20 of 69

21 TABLE-3 Three Seat Three-wheeler auto vehicle (Passenger) 150 cc minimum. Sr.No. Details of standards Limits (with units) Criteria 1. Over all vehicle 350 cm length (max.) To be measured using extreme ends. 2. Over all vehicle 105 cm-150 with folded cm mirrors To be measured using extreme ends. 3. Wheel track 95 cm - 145cm 4. Wheel base 140 cm cm 5. Turning circle 700 cm diameter (max.) To be measured for both sides 6. Over hang 95 cm (max.) 7. Ground clearance 10 cm (min.) 18 km/ltr for gasoline 24 km/kg for 8. CNG Fuel efficiency 30 km/kg for (min.) LPG 5Km/k Wh for Electric vehicles Verification shall be done on horizontal metalled road having no obstructions and fully laden during no ambient winds. [One fuel system as selected by OEM shall be used to verify] TABLE-4 Four-seat Three-wheeler auto vehicle ( Passengers) 175 cc minimum. Sr.No. 1. Details of standards Over all vehicle length Limits (with units) 350 cm (max.) Criteria To be measured using extreme ends Over all vehicle with folded mirrors 120 cm-150 cm Wheel track 110 cm - 145cm Wheel base 140 cm cm Turning circle 700 cm diameter (max.) Over hang 95 cm (max.) To be measured using extreme ends. To be measured for both sides 7. Ground clearance 10 cm (min.) Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 21 of 69

22 8. Fuel efficiency (min.) 18 km/ltr for gasoline 24 km/kg for CNG 30 km/kg for LPG 5Km/k Wh for Electric vehicles Verification shall be done on horizontal metalled road having no obstructions and fully laden during no ambient winds. [One fuel system as selected by O.E.M. shall be used to verify] TABLE 5 Five-seat Three-wheeler auto vehicle ( Passenger) 200 cc minimum. Sr.No Details of standards Over all vehicle length Over all vehicle width with folded mirrors 3. Wheel track 4. Wheel base Limits (with units) 400 cm (max.) 105 cm-150 cm 95 cm - 145cm 140 cm cm 300 cm 5. Turning circle 700 cm diameter (max.) 6. Over hang 130 cm (max.) 7. Ground clearance 10 cm (min.) 16 km/ltr for gasoline 22 km/kg for 8. Fuel efficiency CNG (min.) 28 km/kg for LPG 4.5Km/k Wh for Electric vehicles Criteria To be measured using extreme ends. To be measured using extreme ends. To be measured for both sides Verification shall be done on horizontal metalled road having no obstructions and fully laden during no ambient winds. [One fuel system as selected by O.E.M. shall be used to verify] Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 22 of 69

23 TABLE-6 Six-seat Three-wheeler auto vehicle (Motorcycle driven) 100cc Minimum Sr.No. Details of standards Limits (with units) Criteria 1. Over all vehicle 325 cm length (max.) To be measured using extreme ends. 2. Over all vehicle 115 cm-140 with folded cm mirrors To be measured using extreme ends. 3. Wheel track 100 cm - 135cm 4. Wheel base 140 cm Turning circle diameter 6. Over hang Ground clearance Fuel efficiency (min.) cm 600 cm (max.) 105 cm (max.) 9.5 cm (min.) 16 km/ltr for gasoline 22 km/kg for CNG 28 km/kg for LPG 4Km/k Wh for Electric vehicles To be measured for both sides Verification shall be done on horizontal metalled road having no obstructions and fully laden during no ambient winds. [One fuel system as selected by OEM shall be used to verify] Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 23 of 69

24 TABLE 7 Seven-seat Three-wheeler auto vehicle (Passenger) 200 cc minimum. Sr.No. Details of standards Limits (with units) Criteria 1. Over all vehicle 450 cm length (max.) To be measured using extreme ends. 2. Over all vehicle 115 cm-150 with folded cm mirrors To be measured using extreme ends. 3. Wheel track 100 cm - 145cm 4. Wheel base 165 cm 350cm 5. Turning circle 700 cm diameter (max.) To be measured for both sides 6. Over hang 95 cm (max.) Ground clearance Fuel efficiency (min.) 10 cm (min.) 15 km/ltr for gasoline 20 km/kg for CNG 25 km/kg for LPG 3 Km /kwh for Electric vehicles Verification shall be done on horizontal metalled road having no obstructions and fully laden during no ambient winds. [One fuel system as selected by O.E.M. shall be used to verify] Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 24 of 69

25 TABLE: 8 3-Wheeler Auto Vehicle (Nine Passenger) Upto 250cc 350cc Engine S.No Detail Of Standards Limits Criteria 1 Total Length (cm) 380 cm (max.) To be measured using extreme ends. 2 Total Width (cm) 115 cm-150 cm To be measured using extreme ends. 3 Wheel Track (cm) 100cm -155cm 4 Wheel Base (cm) 165cm -300cm Turning Circle dia cm (max.) To be measured for both sides. (cm) 6 Over Hang (cm) 115 cm (max.) 7 Road Clearance (cm) 10 cm (min.) 8 Fuel Efficiency (min) 15km/ltr for gasoline 15km/kg for CNG 25km/kg for LPG a Engine 250cc 9. Seating Arrangement all facing front or side by side verification shall be done on horizontal metalled road having no obstruction and fully laden during no ambient wind [one fuel system as selected by O.E.M shall be used to verify] Procedure for the administrative requirements for the approval of three- wheel vehicles (Tricycle) and quadricycles 10. APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL The application for approval of a vehicle type with regard to its construction, safeties and environmental protection shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by their authorized representative The under mentioned documents in triplicate should be attached with this application: A description of the vehicle type with regard to the items specified in paragraph 2.1and in Annex-I The numbers and/or symbols identifying the vehicle type and the engine type shall be specified; A list of type of approval certification about active safety as per table of para 4, duly identified, constituting the vehicle as mentioned in Annex-I; Certificates of type of approvals for the components and equipments installed on this vehicle. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 25 of 69

26 Detailed drawings/sketch of each component to enable it to be easily located and identified A vehicle, sample representative of the vehicle type to be approved, shall be submitted to the technical service responsible for conducting the approval verifications 11. APPROVAL If the vehicle type submitted for approval pursuant to this Standard meets the requirements of paragraphs 5, at least, the approval of that vehicle type shall be granted An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two digits shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation, if any, at the time of issuance of the approval. The same applicant Party shall not assign the same number to the same vehicle type equipped with another type of devices such as (brake system, lighting system, exhaust system etc.etc.) or to another vehicle type There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible place specified on the approval form, to every vehicle conforming to a vehicle type approved under this Regulation 11.4 The approval mark shall be clearly legible and be indelible The approval mark shall be placed close to or on the vehicle data plate affixed by the manufacturer Annex 2 to this Regulation gives examples of arrangements of Approval marks. 12 Others; 12.1 Assemblers shall assure warranty of vehicle for at least three (03) months or 500km which ever comes earlier, in case of defects the assemblers shall offer free service /spare parts 12.2 The assembler /manufacturer shall offer availability of after sales service and parts/ maintenance through authorized service dealer workshop in the area of sales The assembler /manufacturer shall be responsible for informing the public on change of model The assembler /manufacturer shall establish sales dealerships and service cum spare parts facilitation through warranty centers in major cities of the country and publicize their address in a way that the public should be aware of these facilities The assembler /manufacturer shall not sell any vehicle without sales tax invoice and is bound to submit quarterly production reports; in accordance of applicable S.R.O. of Ministry of Science and Technology; to PSQCA Checklist of documentation to be shown at the time of inspection as evidence of QA /Qc for Assembly units defined by PSQCA. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 26 of 69

27 ANNEX- I Vehicle Category L type and Sub Classification: Category Category name Common classification criteria L2e-L7e All L-Category Vehicle other than 2 wheel (1)Length 4000mm (2)Width 2000mm and (3)height 2500mm Mopeds (L2e) Mopeds (L2e) Mopeds (L2e) Electric Category L2e Subcategories L2e-P L2e-U Category name Three-wheel moped Subcategory name Three-wheel moped for passenger transport Three-wheel moped for utility purposes Common classification criteria (4) three wheels and powered by a propulsion as listed under (3) and (5) engine capacity 50 cm3 if a PI internal combustion engine or engine capacity 50 cm3 if a CI combustion (6) maximum design vehicle speed 45 km/h and (7) maximum continuous rated or net power (1 ) W and (8) mass in running order 270 kg and (9) equipped with a maximum of two seating positions, including the seating position for the driver and Supplemental sub-classification criteria (10) L2e vehicle other than those complying with the specific classification criteria for a L2e-U vehicle. (10) exclusively designed for the carriage of goods with an open or enclosed, virtually even and loading bed that meets the following criteria: (a) length loading bed x width loading bed 0,3 x Length vehicle x maximum Width vehicle or (b) an equivalent loading bed area as defined above in order to install machines and/or equipment and (c) designed with a loading bed area which is clearly separated by a rigid partition from the area reserved for the vehicle occupants and (d) The loading bed area shall be able to carry a minimum volume represented by a 600 mm cube. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 27 of 69

28 L4e Two-wheel motorcycle with side-car Category L4e Category name Two-wheel motorcycle with side-car Common classification criteria (4) base powered vehicle complying with the classification and sub-classification criteria for a L3e vehicle and (5) base powered vehicle equipped with one side-car and (6) with a maximum of four seating positions including the driver on the motorcycle with side car and (7) a maximum of two seating positions for passengers in the side car and (8) Maximum mass = technically permissible mass declared by the manufacturer. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 28 of 69

29 This L5e Category is fully complying with Pakistan Motor Vehicle Ordinance 1965 Clause of Chapter under the definition of Motor Cab for carrying passenger not more than 10 including driver, sub-category A, B and C falls in this category. L5e-A L5e-B L5e-C L5e-U L5e-U1 Category L5e Category name Powered tricycle Motor Cab Common classification criteria (4) three wheels and powered by a propulsion as listed under (3) and (5) mass in running order 1000 kg for passenger and 1500Kg for Cargo carrier (6) three-wheel vehicle that cannot be classified as a L2e vehicle Subcategory Supplemental sub-classification criteria Sub-categories name L5e-A Tricycle (7) L5e vehicle other than those complying with the specific classification criteria for a L5e-B vehicle and (8) With a maximum of three seating positions, including the seating position of the driver. L5e-B Tricycle (7) Designed as a passenger and their goods carrying vehicle and accessible by maximum two sides. (8) equipped with a maximum of five seating positions, including the seating position for the driver and (9) Exclusively designed for the carriage of persons with an enclosed, passenger compartment. L5e-C Tricycle (7) designed as a passenger carrying vehicle and characterized by an open passenger compartment to meet the cultural requirement for male and female passengers and accessible by three sides at least and maximum design speed 45 Km/hr (8) equipped with a maximum of less than ten seating positions, including the seating position for the driver and (9) Exclusively designed for the carriage of persons L5e-U & L5e-U1 Tricycle (7) Designed for carrying goods and or utilities with open deck for the goods or with Closed container type Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 29 of 69

30 L6e L6e-A L6e-B (BP, BU) Category Category name Common classification criteria L6e Light quadricycle (4) four wheels and powered by a propulsion as listed under (3) and (5) maximum design vehicle speed 45 km/h and (6) the mass in running order 425 kg and (7) engine capacity 50 cm3 if a PI engine or engine capacity 50 cm3 if a CI engine forms part of the vehicle's propulsion configuration and (8) equipped with a maximum of two seating positions, including the seating position for the driver and Sub-categories L6e-A L6e-B L6e-BP Light quadrimobile Sub-subcategories L6e-BU Subcategory name Light on-road quad Sub-subcategory Name Light quadrimobile for passenger transport Light quadrimobile for utility purposes Supplemental sub-classification criteria (9) L6e vehicle not complying with the specific classification criteria for a L6e- B vehicle and (10) maximum continuous rated or net power (1) W. (9) enclosed driving and passenger compartment accessible by maximum three sides and (10) maximum continuous rated or net power (1) W and Sub-sub-classification criteria in addition to the sub-classification criteria of a L6e-B vehicle (11) L6e-B vehicle mainly designed for passenger transport and (12) L6e-B vehicle other than those complying with the specific classification criterion for a L6e-BU vehicle. (11) exclusively designed for the carriage of goods with an open or enclosed, virtually even and horizontal loading bed that meets the following criteria: (a) length loading bed x width loading bed 0,3 x Length vehicle x Width vehicle or (b) an equivalent loading bed area as defined above in order to install machines and/or equipment and (c) designed with a loading bed area which is clearly separated by a rigid partition from the area reserved for the vehicle occupants and (d) the loading bed area shall be able to carry a minimum volume represented by a 600 mm cube. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 30 of 69

31 L7e-A1 L7e-A1 L7e-A2 L7e Category Category name Common classification criteria Sub-categories L7e-A Sub-Sub categories L7e-A1 L7e-A2 Heavy quadricycle Subcategory name Heavy on-road quad Sub-Sub category Name A1 heavy on-road Quad A2 heavy on-road Quad (4) four wheels and powered by a propulsion as listed under (3) and (5) mass in running order: (a) 450 kg for transport of passengers; (b) 600 kg for transport of goods. and (6) L7e vehicle that cannot be classified as a L6e vehicle and Supplemental sub-classification criteria (7) L7e vehicle not complying with the specific classification criteria for a L7e-B or a L7e-C vehicle and (8) vehicle designed for the transport of passengers only and (9) maximum continuous rated or net power (1) 15 kw and Supplemental sub-classification criteria (10) maximum two straddle seating positions, including the seating position for the rider and (11)Handle bar to steer. (10) L7e-A vehicle not complying with the specific classification criteria for a L7e-A1 vehicle and (11)Maximum two non-straddle seating positions, including the seating position for the driver. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 31 of 69

32 Sub-category L7e-B Sub-Sub categories L7e-B1 L7e-B2 L7e-B2 Subcategory name Heavy all terrain Quad Sub-Sub category Name Supplemental sub-classification criteria (7) L7e vehicle not complying with the specific classification criteria for a L7e-C vehicle and (8) ground clearance 180 mm and Supplemental sub-classification criteria L7e-B1 All terrain quad (9) maximum two straddle seating positions, including the seating position for the rider and (10) equipped with a handlebar to steer and (11) maximum design vehicle speed 90 km/h and (12) wheelbase to ground clearance ratio 6. L7e-B2 Side-by-side buggy (9) L7e-B vehicle other than a L7e-B1 vehicle and (10) maximum three non-straddle seats of which two positioned side-by-side, including the seating position for the driver and (11) maximum continuous rated or net power (1) 15 kw and (12) wheel base to ground clearance ratio. 8. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 32 of 69

33 L7e-CP L7e-CP L7e-CU Sub-category Subcategory name Supplemental sub-classification criteria L7e-C Sub-subcategories L7e-CP L7e-CU Heavy quadri- Mobile Sub-subcategory Name Heavy quadrimobile for passenger transport Heavy quadrimobile for utility purposes (7) L7e vehicle not complying with the specific classification criteria for a L7e-B vehicle and (8) maximum continuous rated or net power (1) 15 kw and (9) maximum design vehicle speed 90 km/h and (10) enclosed driving and passenger compartment accessible via maximum three sides and Sub-sub-classification criteria in addition to the sub-classification criteria of a L7e-C vehicle (11) L7e-C vehicle not complying with the specific classification criteria for a L7e- CU vehicle and (12) Maximum four non-straddle seats, including the seating position for the driver. (11) exclusively designed for the carriage of goods with an open or enclosed, virtually even and horizontal loading bed that meets the following criteria: (a) size length, width and height should remain within the prescribed limits of L category vehicle i.e L=4M, W=2M and H=2.5M (c) designed with a loading bed area which is clearly separated by a rigid partition from the area reserved for the vehicle occupants (12)Maximum two non-straddle seats, including the seating position for the driver. SOURCE: Vehicle Standard Development dept. Survey of ECE Regulations and EC-Directive as per1st September 2014 Annex1 Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 33 of 69

34 ANNEX-II STANDARD FOR BRAKE OF VEHICLES 3-WHEEL VEHICLE AND 4-WHEEL VEHICLE OF CATEGORY & SUB-CATEGORY L2, L4, L5, L6 AND L7 This standard is adopted by PSQCA after draft finalized by TC and NSC. This standard is prepared for the first time considering Global Technical Regulation GTR3 formulated by UNECE which is set Goal for the future of Pakistan Automobile Industries. This standard specifies the need of service Brakes of 3wheel vehicles and 4 wheel vehicles which are covered under category of L2, L4, L5, L6 and L7 as described in: ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.3 Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E 3) In order to facilitate access to the markets of member countries of WP-29 it is necessary to establish equivalence between the requirements of this standard and those of UNECE Regulation No. 78 Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 34 of 69

35 PS No.(4708-1) 2015 APPROVAL OF 3 and 4 wheel VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES L2, L4, L5, L6, AND L7 WITH REGARD TO BRAKING CONTENTS REGULATION Page 1. Scope Definitions Application for approval Approval Specifications Tests Preparation of vehicles Instrumentation Correction of test results Vehicle data Names and addresses of Technical Services Responsible for conducting approval tests And of Administrative Departments Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 35 of 69

36 1. SCOPE: This Regulation applies to vehicles of categories L2, L4, L5, L6 and L7 as defined in PS# Annex Following categories do not include: (a) (b) Vehicles with a Vmax of < 25 km/h; Vehicles equipped for disabled riders. 2. DEFINITIONS: For the purposes of this Standard: 2.1. "Antilock brake system (ABS)" means a system which senses wheel slip and automatically modulates the pressure producing the braking forces at the wheel(s) to limit the degree of wheel slip "Approval of a vehicle" means the approval of a vehicle type with regard to braking "Baseline test" means a stop or a series of stops carried out in order to confirm the performance of the brake prior to subjecting it to a further test such as the heating procedure or wet brake stop "Brake" means those parts of the brake system where the forces opposing the movement of the vehicle are developed "Brake system" means the combination of parts consisting of the control, transmission, and brake, but excluding the engine, whose function it is to progressively reduce the speed of a moving vehicle, bring it to a halt, and keep it stationary when halted "Combined brake system (CBS)" means: For vehicle categories L2, L4, and L5: a service brake system where at least two brakes on different wheels are operated by the actuation of a single control. For vehicle categories L5, L6 and L7: a service brake system where the brakes on all wheels are operated by the actuation of a single control "Components of the braking system" means one of the individual parts which, when assembled, constitutes the braking system "Control" means the part actuated directly by the rider in order to supply or control the energy required for braking the vehicle to the transmission. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 36 of 69

37 2.9. "Different types of braking systems" means devices which differ in such essential respects as: (a) (b) (c) Components having different characteristics; A component made of materials having different characteristics, or a component differing in shape or size; A different assembly of the components "Driver mass" means the nominal mass of a driver that shall be 75 kg (subdivided into 68 kg occupant mass at the seat and 7 kg luggage mass) "Engine disconnected" means when the engine is no longer connected to the driving wheel(s) "Gross vehicle mass" or "maximum mass" means the technically permissible maximum laden mass as declared by the manufacturer "Initial brake temperature" means the temperature of the hottest brake before any brake application "Laden" means so loaded as to attain the gross vehicle mass as defined in paragraph "Lightly loaded" means mass in running order plus 15 kg for test equipment, or the laden condition, whichever is less "Mass in running order" means the sum of the un-laden vehicle mass and driver mass "Peak braking coefficient (PBC)" means the measure of tyre to road surface friction based on the maximum deceleration of a rolling tyre "Power-assisted braking system" means a brake system in which the energy necessary to produce the braking force is supplied by the physical effort of the rider assisted by one or more energy supplying devices, for example vacuum assisted (with vacuum booster) "Secondary brake system" means the second service brake system on a vehicle equipped with a combined brake system "Service brake system" means a brake system which is used for slowing the vehicle when in motion. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 37 of 69

38 2.21. "Single brake system" means a brake system which acts on only one axle "Split service brake system (SSBS)" means a brake system that operates the brakes on all wheels, consisting of two or more subsystems actuated by a single control designed so that a single failure in any subsystem (such as a leakage type failure of a hydraulic subsystem) does not impair the operation of any other subsystem "Stopping distance" means the distance travelled by the vehicle from the point the rider begins to actuate the brake control to the point at which the vehicle reaches a full stop. For tests where the simultaneous actuation of two controls is specified, the distance travelled is taken from the point the first control is actuated "Test speed" means the vehicle speed measured the moment the driver begins to actuate the brake control(s). For tests where the simultaneous actuation of two controls is specified, the vehicle speed is taken from the point the first control is actuated "Transmission" means the combination of components that provide the functional link between the control and the brake "Unladen vehicle mass" means the nominal mass of the vehicle as indicated by the manufacturer(s) including all factory fitted equipment for normal operation of that vehicle (e.g. fire extinguisher, tools, spare wheel), plus coolant, oils, 90 per cent of fuel and 100 per cent of other gas or liquids, as specified by the manufacturer "Vehicle type" means a main and sub-category of L-category vehicles which do not differ in such essential respects as: a. The vehicle category, as defined in the Consolidated Resolution (R.E.3) PS No b. The gross vehicle mass, as defined in paragraph 2.12.; c. The distribution of the mass between the axles; d. V max; e. A different type of braking device; f. The number and arrangement of the axles; g. The engine type; h. The number and ratios of gears; i. The final drive ratios; Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 38 of 69

39 j. The tyre dimensions "Vmax" means either the speed attainable by accelerating at a maximum rate from a standing start for a distance of 1.6 km on a level surface, with the vehicle lightly loaded, or the speed measured in accordance with ISO 7117: "Wheel lock" means the condition that occurs when there is a slip ratio of SPECIFICATIONS 3.1. BRAKE SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS Each vehicle shall meet each of the tests specified for a vehicle of its category and for those brake features on the vehicle Service brake system control operation Vehicles shall have configurations that enable a rider to actuate the service brake system control while seated in the normal driving position and with both hands on the steering control Secondary brake system control operation Vehicles shall have configurations that enable a rider to actuate the secondary brake system control while seated in the normal driving position and with at least one hand on the steering control Parking brake system If a parking brake system is fitted, it shall hold the vehicle stationary on the slope prescribed in paragraph 4.7 The parking brake system shall: (a) Have a control which is separate from the service brake system controls; and (b) Be held in the locked position by solely mechanical means. Vehicles shall have configurations that enable a rider to be able to actuate the parking brake system while seated in the normal driving position Three-wheeled vehicles of vehicles category L 4 shall be equipped with a split service brake system, with at least one brake operating on the front wheel and at least one break operating on the rear wheel. A brake on the sidecar wheel is not required if the vehicle meets the performance requirements prescribed in Annex 3, paragraph 4. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 39 of 69

40 Three-wheeled vehicles of category L 2 shall be equipped with a parking brake system plus one of the following service brake systems: (a) Two separate service brake systems, except CBS, which, when applied together, operate the brakes on all wheels; or (b) A split service brake system; or (c) A CBS that operates the brakes on all wheels and the secondary brake system which may be the parking break system Category L 5 vehicles shall be equipped with: A parking brake system; and A foot-actuated service brake system which operates on the brakes on all wheels, by way of either: (a) A split service brake system; or (b) A CBS that operates the brakes on all wheels and a secondary brake system, which may be the parking brake system In cases where two separate service brake systems are installed, the systems may share a common brake, if a failure in one system does not affect the performance of the other For vehicles that use hydraulic fluid for brake force transmission, the master cylinder shall: (a) Have a sealed, covered, separate reservoir for each brake system; (Have a minimum reservoir capacity equivalent to 1.5 times the total fluid displacement required to satisfy the new to fully worn lining condition with the worst case brake adjustment condition); and (b) Have a reservoir where the fluid level is visible for checking without removal of the cover All warning lamps shall be mounted in the rider's view Vehicles that are equipped with a split service brake system shall be fitted with a red warning lamp, which shall be activated: (a) When there is a hydraulic failure on the application of a force of 90 N on the control; or (b) Without actuation of the brake control, when the brake fluid level in the master cylinder reservoir falls below the greater of: Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 40 of 69

41 1. That which is specified by the manufacturer; and 2. That which is less than or equal to half of the fluid reservoir capacity. To permit function checking, the warning lamp shall be illuminated by the activation of the ignition switch and shall be extinguished when the check has been completed. The warning lamp shall remain on while a failure condition exists whenever the ignition switch is in the "on" position DURABILITY Wear of the brakes shall be compensated for by means of a system of automatic or manual adjustment The friction material thickness shall either be visible without disassembly, or where the friction material is not visible, wear shall be assessed by means of a device designed for that purpose During all the tests in this Regulation and on their completion, there shall be no friction material detachment and no leakage of brake fluid MEASUREMENT OF DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE. The method used to measure performance is as specified in the respective tests in Annex 3. There are three ways in which the service brake system performance may be measured: MFDD (Mean Fully Developed Deceleration): Calculation of MFDD: Where: d m 2 2 Vb Ve in m/s ( S S ) e b d m = mean fully developed deceleration V 1 = vehicle speed when rider actuates the control V b = vehicle speed at 0.8 V 1 in km/h V e = vehicle speed at 0.1 V 1 in km/h S b = distance travelled between V 1 and V b in metres S e = distance travelled between V 1 and V e in metres Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 41 of 69

42 Stopping distance: Based on the basic equations of motion: Where: S = 0.1 V + (X) V 2 S = stopping distance in metres V = vehicle speed in km/h X = a variable based on the requirement for each test To calculate the corrected stopping distance using the actual vehicle test speed, the following formula is used: Where: Ss = 0.1 Vs + (Sa 0.1 Va) Vs 2 /Va 2 Ss = corrected stopping distance in metres Vs = specified vehicle test speed in km/h Sa = actual stopping distance in metres Va = actual vehicle test speed in km/h Note: This equation is only valid when the actual test speed (Va) is within ± 5 km/h of the specified test speed (Vs) Continuous deceleration recording: For the burnishing procedure and tests such as the wet brake and heat fade heating procedure, there is a continuous recording of the vehicle's instantaneous deceleration from the moment a force is applied to the end of the stop Brake lining materials: Brake linings shall not contain asbestos. 4. TESTS The braking tests (test conditions and procedures) which vehicles submitted for approval are required to undergo, and the braking performance required, as prescribed here under: TEST CONDITIONS, PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 42 of 69

43 4.1. GENERAL Test surfaces High friction surface: a) Applicable to all dynamic brake tests excluding the ABS tests where a low-friction surface is specified; b) The test area is a clean and level surface, with a gradient 1 per cent; c) The surface has a nominal peak braking coefficient (PBC) of 0.9, unless otherwise specified Low friction surface: a) Applicable to all dynamic brake tests where a low-friction surface is specified; b) The test area is a clean, dry and level surface, with a gradient 1 per cent; c) The surface has a PBC of Measurement of PBC: The PBC is measured as determined by the approval authority using either: (a) The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E1136 standard reference test tyre, in accordance with ASTM Method E , at a speed of 65 kmp without water delivery; or (b) The method specified in the Appendix to Annex 4 of UNECE Regulation No. 78, 01 series of amendments Parking brake system tests: Test lane width: The specified test slope has a clean and dry surface that does not deform under the mass of the vehicle. For three-wheeled vehicles (vehicle categories L 2, L 4, L 5, L 6, and L 7 ) the test lane width is 2.5 m plus the vehicle width Ambient temperature The ambient temperature is between 4 C and 45 C. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 43 of 69

44 Wind speed The wind speed is not more than 5 m/s Test speed tolerance The test speed tolerance is ± 5 km/h. In the event of the actual test speed deviating from the specified test speed, the actual stopping distance is corrected using the formula in paragraph of this Regulation Automatic transmission Vehicles with automatic transmission shall complete all tests - whether they are for "engine connected" or "engine disconnected". If an automatic transmission has a neutral position, the neutral position is selected for tests where "engine disconnected" is specified Vehicle position and wheel lock: (a) (b) The vehicle is positioned in the centre of the test lane for the beginning of each stop; Stops are made without the vehicle wheels passing outside the applicable test lane and without wheel lock Test sequence Test order 1. Dry stop - single brake control actuated 2. Dry stop - all service brake controls actuated 3. Wet brake 4. Heat fade 1/ 5. If fitted: 5.1. Parking brake system 5.3. Partial failure, for split service brake systems Paragraph Note 1/: Heat fade is always the last test to be carried out PREPARATION Engine idle speed Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 44 of 69

45 The engine idle speed is set to the manufacturer's specification Tyre pressures The tyres are inflated to the manufacturer's specification for the vehicle loading condition for the test Control application points and direction For a hand control lever, the input force (F) is applied on the control lever's forward surface perpendicular to the axis of the lever fulcrum and its outermost point on the plane along which the control lever rotates (see figure below). The input force is applied to a point located 50 mm from the outermost point of the control lever, measured along the axis between the central axis of the fulcrum of the lever and its outermost point. For a foot control pedal, the input force is applied to the centre of, and at right angles to, the control pedal Brake temperature measurement As determined by the approval authority, the brake temperature is measured on the approximate centre of the braking path of the disc or drum using: (a) (b) A rubbing thermocouple that is in contact with the surface of the disc or drum; or A thermocouple that is embedded in the friction material Burnishing procedure The vehicle brakes are burnished prior to evaluating performance. This procedure may be completed by the manufacturer: (b) (a) Vehicle lightly loaded; Engine disconnected; Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 45 of 69

46 (c) Test speed: (i) Initial speed: 50 km/h or 0.8 Vmax, whichever is lower; (ii) Final speed = 5 to 10 km/h; (d) Brake application: (i) Each service brake system control actuated separately; e) Vehicle deceleration: (i) Single front brake system only: m/s 2 for vehicle categories L 4 ; m/s 2 for vehicle categories L 2 ; (ii) Single rear brake system only: m/s 2 ; (iii) CBS or split service brake system: m/s 2 ; (f) Number of decelerations: 100 per brake system; (g) Initial brake temperature before each brake application 100 C; (h) For the first stop, accelerate the vehicle to the initial speed and then actuate the brake control under the conditions specified until the final speed is reached. Then reaccelerate to the initial speed and maintain that speed until the brake temperature falls to the specified initial value. When these conditions are met, reapply the brake as specified. Repeat this procedure for the number of specified decelerations. After burnishing, adjust the brakes in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations DRY STOP TEST - SINGLE BRAKE CONTROL ACTUATED Vehicle condition: (a) (b) The test is applicable to all vehicle categories; Laden: For vehicles fitted with CBS and split service brake systems: the vehicle is tested in the lightly loaded condition in addition to the laden condition; Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 46 of 69

47 (c) Engine disconnected Test conditions and procedure: (a) (b) Initial brake temperature: 55 C and 100 C; Test speed: (i) Vehicle categories L 2 : 40 km/h or 0.9 Vmax, whichever is lower; (i) Vehicle categories L 5 and L 4 : 60 km/h or 0.9 Vmax, whichever is lower; (i) (c) Brake application: Each service brake system control actuated separately; (d) Brake actuation force: (i) Hand control: 200 N; (ii) Foot control: 350 N for vehicle categories L 2 and L 4 ; 500 N for vehicle category L 5 ; L6; L7 (e) (f) Number of stops: until the vehicle meets the performance requirements, with a maximum of 6 stops; For each stop, accelerate the vehicle to the test speed and then actuate the brake control under the conditions specified in this paragraph Performance requirements When the brakes are tested in accordance with the test procedure set out in paragraph , the stopping distance shall be as specified in column 2 or the MFDD shall be as specified in column 3 of the following table-1: Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Vehicle Category STOPPING DISTANCE (S) (Where V is the specified test speed in km/h and S is the required stopping distance in metres) MFDD Single brake system, front wheel(s) braking only: L 2 S 0.1 V V m/s 2 Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 47 of 69

48 L 5 Not applicable Not applicable L 4 S 0.1 V V m/s 2 Single brake system, rear wheel(s) braking only: L 2 S 0.1 V V m/s 2 L 5 Not applicable Not applicable L 4 S 0.1 V V m/s 2 Vehicles with CBS or split service brake systems: for laden and lightly loaded conditions: L 2 S 0.1 V V m/s 2 L 5 S 0.1 V V m/s 2 L 4 S 0.1 V V m/s 2 Vehicles with CBS secondary service brake systems: ALL S 0.1 V V m/s 2 TABLE-1 L5 test is applicable on L6 and L7 categories vehicles 4.4. DRY STOP TEST ALL SERVICE BRAKE CONTROLS ACTUATED Vehicle condition: (a) The test is applicable to vehicle categories L 5 and L 4 ; L6 and L7 Lightly loaded Engine disconnected Test conditions and procedure: (a) Initial brake temperature: 55 C and 100 C; (b) Test speed: 100 km/h or 0.9 Vmax, whichever is lower; (c) Brake application: Simultaneous actuation of both service brake system controls, if so equipped, or of the single service brake system control in the case of a service brake system that operates on all wheels; (d) Brake actuation force: Hand control: 250 N; Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 48 of 69

49 Foot control: 400 N for vehicle category L 4 ; 500 N for vehicle category L 5 ; L6 L7 (e) Number of stops: until the vehicle meets the performance requirements, with a maximum of 6 stops; (f) For each stop, accelerate the vehicle to the test speed and then actuate the brake controls under the conditions specified in this paragraph Performance requirements When the brakes are tested in accordance with the test procedure set out in paragraph , the stopping distance (S) shall be S V 2 (where V is the specified test speed in km/h and S is the required stopping distance in metres) WET BRAKE TEST General: (a) (i) (ii) (b) (c) (d) The test is comprised of two parts that are carried out consecutively for each brake system: A baseline test based on the dry stop test - single brake control actuated V (section 4.3.); A single wet brake stop using the same test parameters as in (i), but with the brake(s) being continuously sprayed with water while the test is conducted in order to measure the brakes' performance in wet conditions; The test is not applicable to a parking brake system, unless it is the secondary brake; Drum brakes or fully enclosed disc brakes are exempt from this test unless ventilation or open inspection ports are present; This test requires the vehicle to be fitted with instrumentation that gives a continuous recording of brake control force and vehicle deceleration. The MFDD and the stopping distance measurements are not appropriate in this case Vehicle condition: (a) The test is applicable to all vehicle categories; (b) Laden: Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 49 of 69

50 For vehicles fitted with CBS and split service brake systems: the vehicle is tested in the lightly loaded condition in addition to the laden condition; (c) Engine disconnected; (d) Each brake is fitted with water spray equipment: (i) Disc brakes: Sketch of water spray equipment: The disc brake water spray equipment is installed as follows: a. Water is sprayed onto each brake with a flow rate of 15 litres/hr. The water is equally distributed on each side of the rotor; b. If the surface of the rotor has any shielding, the spray is applied 45 prior to the shield; b. If it is not possible to locate the spray in the position shown on the sketch, or if the spray coincides with a brake ventilation hole or similar, the spray nozzle may be advanced by an additional 90 maximum from the edge of the pad, using the same radius; (ii) Drum brakes with ventilation and open inspection ports: Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 50 of 69

51 The water spray equipment is installed as follows: a. Water is sprayed equally onto both sides of the drum brake assembly (on the stationary back plate and on the rotating drum) with a flow rate of 15 litres/hr; b. The spray nozzles are positioned two thirds of the distance from the outer circumference of the rotating drum to the wheel hub centre; c. The nozzle position is 15 from the edge of any opening in the drum back plate Baseline test Test conditions and procedure: (a) The test in section 4.3. (dry stop test - single brake control actuated) is carried out for each brake system but with the brake control force that results in a vehicle deceleration of m/s 2, and the following is determined: (i) (ii) (iii) The average brake control force measured when the vehicle is travelling between 80 per cent and 10 per cent of the specified test speed; The average vehicle deceleration in the period 0.5 to 1.0 seconds after the point of actuation of the brake control; The maximum vehicle deceleration during the complete stop but excluding the final 0.5 seconds; (b) (iii). Conduct 3 baseline stops and average the values obtained in (i), (ii), and Wet brake stop Test conditions and procedure: (a) The vehicle is ridden at the test speed used in the baseline test set out in paragraph with the water spray equipment operating on the brake(s) to be tested and with no application of the brake system; (b) After a distance of 500 m, apply the averaged brake control force determined in the baseline test for the brake system being tested; (c) Measure the average vehicle deceleration in the period 0.5 to 1.0 seconds after the point of actuation of the brake control; Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 51 of 69

52 Performance requirements (d) Measure the maximum vehicle deceleration during the complete stop but excluding the final 0.5 seconds. When the brakes are tested in accordance with the test procedure set out in paragraph , the wet brake deceleration performance shall be: The value measured in paragraph (c) 60 per cent of the averaged deceleration values recorded in the baseline test in paragraph (a)(ii), i.e. in the period 0.5 to 1.0 seconds after the point of application of the brake control; and The value measured in (d) 120 per cent of the averaged deceleration values recorded in the baseline test (a)(iii), i.e. during the complete stop but excluding the final 0.5 seconds HEAT FADE TEST General: (a) The test comprises three parts that are carried out consecutively for each brake system: o A baseline test using the dry stop test - single brake control actuated (section 3. of this annex); o A heating procedure which consist of a series of repeated stops in order to heat the brake(s); o A hot brake stop using the dry stop test - single brake control actuated 4.3), to measure the brake's performance after the heating procedure; (article (b) The test is applicable to vehicle categories L 4, L 5, L 6 and L 7 ; (c) (d) (e) The test is not applicable to parking brake systems and secondary service brake systems; All stops are carried out with the vehicle laden; The heating procedure requires the vehicle to be fitted with instrumentation that gives a continuous recording of brake control force and vehicle deceleration. The MFDD and stopping distance measurements are not appropriate for the heating procedure. The baseline test and the hot brake stop require the measurement of either MFDD or the stopping distance. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 52 of 69

53 Baseline test Vehicle condition: (a) Engine disconnected Test conditions and procedure: (a) Initial brake temperature: 55 C and 100 C; (b) Test speed: 60 km/h or 0.9 Vmax, whichever is lower; (c) Brake application: Each service brake system control actuated separately; (d) Brake actuation force: Hand control: 200 N; Foot control: 350 N for vehicle categories L 2 and L 4 ; 500 N for vehicle category L 5, L 6 and L 7 ; (e) Accelerate the vehicle to the test speed, actuate the brake control under the conditions specified and record the control force required to achieve the vehicle braking performance specified in the article Heating procedure Vehicle condition: (a) Engine transmission: (i) (ii) From the specified test speed to 50 per cent specified test speed: connected, with the highest appropriate gear selected such that the engine speed remains above the manufacturer's specified idle speed; From 50 per cent specified test speed to standstill: disconnected Test conditions and procedure: (a) Initial brake temperature prior to first stop only: 55 C and 100 C; (b) Test speed: Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 53 of 69

54 Single brake system, front wheel braking only: 100 km/h or 0.7V max, whichever is lower; Single brake system, rear wheel braking only: 80 km/h or 0.7V max, whichever is lower; CBS or split service brake system: 100 km/h or 0.7V max, whichever is lower; (c) Brake application: Each service brake system control actuated separately; (d) Brake actuation force: (i) For the first stop: The constant control force that achieves a vehicle deceleration rate of m/s 2 while the vehicle is decelerating between 80 per cent and 10 per cent of the specified speed; If the vehicle is unable to achieve the specified vehicle deceleration rate, this stop is carried out to meet the deceleration requirements in the table in paragraph 3.3. (ii) For the remaining stops: Hot brake stop A.The same constant brake control force as used for the first stop; B Number of stops: 10; C Interval between stops: 1000 m; (e) Carry out a stop to the conditions specified in this paragraph and then immediately use maximum acceleration to reach the specified speed and maintain that speed until the next stop is made Test conditions and procedure: Perform a single stop under the conditions used in the baseline test (paragraph ) for the brake system that has been heated during the procedure in accordance with paragraph This stop is carried out within one minute of the completion of the procedure set out in paragraph with a brake control application force less than or equal to the force used during the test set out in paragraph Performance requirements Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 54 of 69

55 When the brakes are tested in accordance with the test procedure set out in paragraph : (a) The stopping distance: S S x 0.1V Where: S 1 = corrected stopping distance in metres achieved in the baseline test set out in paragraph S 2 = corrected stopping distance in metres achieved in the hot brake stop set out in paragraph V = specified test speed in km/h; or (b) The MFDD 60 per cent of the MFDD recorded in the test set out in paragraph PARKING BRAKE SYSTEM TEST FOR VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH PARKING BRAKES Vehicle condition: (a) The test is applicable to vehicle categories L 2, L 4, L 5, L 6, and L 7 ; (b) (c) Laden; Engine disconnected Test conditions and procedure: (a) (b) (c) Initial brake temperature: 100 C; Test surface gradient = 18 per cent; Brake actuation force: Hand control: 400 N; Foot control: 500 N; (f) For the first part of the test, park the vehicle on the test surface gradient facing up the slope by applying the parking brake system under the conditions specified in this paragraph. If the vehicle remains stationary, start the measurement of the test period; (g) On completion of the test with vehicle facing up the gradient, repeat the same test procedure with the vehicle facing down the gradient. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 55 of 69

56 Performance requirements: When tested in accordance with the test procedure set out in paragraph , the parking brake system shall hold the vehicle stationary for 5 minutes when the vehicle is both facing up and facing down the gradient PARTIAL FAILURE TEST - FOR SPLIT SERVICE BRAKE SYSTEMS General information: (a) The test is only applicable to vehicles that are equipped with split service brake systems; (b) The test is to confirm the performance of the remaining subsystem in the event of a hydraulic system leakage failure Vehicle condition: (a) The test is applicable to vehicle categories L 4, L 5, L 6, and L 7 ; (b) Lightly loaded; (c) Engine disconnected Test conditions and procedure: (a) Initial brake temperature: 55 C and 100 C; (b) Test speeds: 50 km/h and 100 km/h or 0.8 V max whichever is lower; (c) Brake actuation force: Hand control: 250 N; Foot control: 400 N; (d) Number of stops: until the vehicle meets the performance requirements, with a maximum of 6 stops for each test speed; (e) Alter the service brake system to induce a complete loss of braking in any one subsystem. Then, for each stop, accelerate the vehicle to the test speed and then actuate the brake control under the conditions specified in this paragraph; (f) Repeat the test for each subsystem Performance requirements: Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 56 of 69

57 (a) When the brakes are tested in accordance with the test procedure set out in paragraph 4.8.3; (b) The stopping distance (S) shall be 0.1 V V 2 (where V is the specified test speed in km/h and S is the required stopping distance in metres) or the MFDD shall be 3.3 m/s PREPARATION OF THE VEHICLE The vehicle manufacturer before offering the vehicle shall ensure that vehicle sample must be run at least 1000Km. 5.2 The brake lever free and pedal free play shall be adjusted according to manufacturer s recommendations for optimum braking performance. 5.3 The weight of testing personnel/driver seated on the vehicles while testing and the instrumentation installed on the vehicle shall be considered part of vehicle mass. The additional load shall be selected and mounted in normal operating condition in such a way that actual mass during testing shall not exceed the specified laden or un-laden mass by more than 25 kg. Weight distribution among axles should be at the closest possible values recommended by the manufacturer. However, if sum of maximum recommended axle weight exceeds the gross vehicle weight, the actual weight on each axle shall be in proportionate to the same ratio of the gross vehicle weight to the sum of maximum recommended axle weights. Actual load condition shall be recorded in the report. 5.4 The tires should be in good condition and should run in along with the vehicle. Declaration of the vehicle manufacturer shall be accepted as compliance to this sub-- clause 5.5 At the start of the test, tires shall be cold and shall be inflated to the pressure specified for respective load condition of the vehicle. 6. INSTRUMENTATION Installation of instruments should be as per recommendation of instrument manufacturer. All instruments shall be mounted in such a way that they do not affect the performance or stability of the vehicle and do not disturb the driver while normal driving of a vehicle and carrying out the test Appropriate switches shall be fixed to control lever and Brake Pedal such that actuation of controls is signaled to the instruments. Alternatively, brake light switch of the vehicle may be used, if possible to do so Instruments must be calibrated according to instrument manufacturer s instructions before commencement of a test series. Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 57 of 69

58 6.1.4 A time device would be needed to control actuation of both lever/paddle simultaneously, and record the time interval elapsed between actuation of two controls Instruments for Stopping Distance Contactless electronic speed and distance measuring instruments or speed measuring system using an additional wheel when used, should meet the following least count and accuracy requirements. Parameter Least count Accuracy Speed 0.1km/h ± 1 percent at the prescribed Distance 0.1 m speed for the test Time 0.01 s Instruments for Deceleration Decelerometers should be installed on test vehicle properly such that its position is not likely to be disturbed during tests. This shall be fitted as close to centre of gravity of vehicle as possible in longitudinal and lateral plane. Before commencement of each run, leveling of instrument within the limits prescribed by the instrument manufacturer shall be ensured. The accuracy of the instrument for deceleration should be within ± 3 per cent For calculating mean fully developed deceleration/mean deceleration, it is essential that graph of deceleration is fairly uniform. It is not possible to lay down norms for steady features of this graph as this is influenced by many testing factors, mainly response of the rider. Hence, general engineering should be followed. The graph illustrated in Fig. 3 is typically valid graph and the graph illustrated in Fig. 4 shall be considered invalid. Methods of calculations of deceleration are also illustrated in Fig Instrument for Control Force Suitable load cells shall be used for measuring braking force and recommended least count accuracy should be within the limit of 10N (1kg) and 20N (2kg) respectively Instrument for Speed Measurement While measuring stopping distance by instruments specified in 6.1.5, speed is also measured by these systems. A proper fixture need to be designed to measure the force applied on the brake paddle. One way is to install force sensor other way is using pressure sensor and distance measuring device While measuring deceleration, a speedometer may be used. This may be the one fitted Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 58 of 69

59 on the vehicle. Appropriate temporary marking shall be made on the dial of speedometer in such a way that the actual speed of the vehicle. Measuring tolerance should be within a limit of +1 km/h of the specified initial speed. There shall be suitable markings for all necessary test speeds. Fig. 3 ILLUSTRATION OF A TYPICAL VALID DECELERATION VS TIME GRAPH Fig. 4 ILLUSTRATION OF A TYPICAL INVALID DECELERATION VS TIME GRAPH Pakistan Standards & Quality Control Authority Page 59 of 69