CEMA position on the draft Regulation on braking for tractors & the need for a balanced regulatory approach on ABS. 03 July 2013

Transcription

1 CEMA position on the draft Regulation on braking for tractors & the need for a balanced regulatory approach on ABS 03 July 2013

2 Goal vehicles with a maximum design speed of more than 40 km/h meet an equivalent level of functional safety with regard to brake performance and, where appropriate, antilock braking systems as motor vehicles and their trailers. a comparison with motor vehicles is deemed necessary 22 May 2013 Page 2

3 Comparison to other motor vehicles Development, market penetration & EU regulation Safety gains from market studies 22 May 2013 Page 3

4 ABS development, market penetration & EU regulations Origin of ABS: developed in the 1920 s for aircraft brakes Passenger cars: first developments in the 1960 s; first reliable commercial systems in the 1970 s; EU mandatory fitting for all passenger cars in 2007 when the market was already highly penetrated. Heavy duty vehicles: Mandatory fitting in 1997 after it reached a market percentage of 20 %. Motor cycles: By 2000, all major manufacturers had commercial systems fitted; 15 years later, by January 2016, there will be mandatory fitting > 125 ccm; 22 May 2013 Page 4

5 Safety gains of ABS brakes Passenger cars (study 2009): close to a zero net effect on avoiding fatal crash involvements. relatively effective in helping to avoid nonfatal crashes: -6 %. fatal run-off-road crashes +9 % overall and +34 % on wet, snowy, or icy roads (ABS activation most likely). The increase was for all three types: side-impact with fixed objects, first event roll-over and all other run-off road crashes For side-impact +85 %! 22 May 2013 Page 5

6 Safety gains of ABS brakes Heavy duty vehicle (comparison before and after 1997 study 2010): -6% of crashes in which ABS is assumed to be potentially influential including jack-knives and off-road overturns; NO significant reduction of fatal crashes; an accident increase was observed: hitting of animals, pedestrians, or bicycles and only in fatal crashes related to rear-ending lead vehicles in twovehicle crashes. 22 May 2013 Page 6

7 Safety gains of ABS brakes Motorcycles (study in 2010): motorcycles with ABS were 37% less likely to be involved in a fatal crash than models without ABS. Reasoning: The aggressive front wheel brake systems in use today are important to keep the enhanced driving performance in check; ABS can prevent the front wheels of a motorcycle from locking and help to maintain stability 22 May 2013 Page 7

8 ABS on tractors Development & market penetration The development of ABS for tractors is still in a very early phase. Standard tractors equipped with ABS have been on the market only since 2012 and are currently offered by merely two manufacturers. EU Sales of tractors with ABS is insignificant (0,05 and 0,1 %). At the moment there is only a very limited quantity of up to 19,000 units fast tractors sold per years; Even with EU harmonisation these quantities remain limited (speed limitations will also remain in many countries) Economies of scale? 22 May 2013 Page 8

9 ABS on tractors Safety gains (UDV study 2011) main results 85 % of all accidents with tractors happen in the daytime; 75 % happen at intersections, junctions (eg to country roads), curves and during exit and entry of the field. heavy car / tractor rear-end collisions in the dark many serious motorcycle accidents. many young drivers involved in the accident Main causes: Lack of visibility; Low speed compared to other traffic 22 May 2013 Page 9

10 ABS on tractors Safety gains (UDV study 2011) 1% of fatal accidents in the EU involve a tractor; For this 1 % fatal accidents only a statistically insignificant reduction of 1% could be achieved by the installation of ABS. For non-fatal accidents, the estimated reduction could be up to 4% Statistically < 3 out of 27,500 fatal accidents in the EU (2012) can be avoided by ABS on tractors Safety gain/loss ABS would allow evasive action which is mainly useful on highways. Tractors < 60 km/h do not use the highway; Risk for an increase of fatal run-off-road accidents and accidents involving the hitting of animals, pedestrians or cyclists 22 May 2013 Page 10

11 ABS on tractors Safety gains (UDV study 2011) A 1% reduction of fatal accidents in the EU is possible on tractors with ABS; A 16% reduction of fatal accidents in the EU is possible by an improvement of signalling, lighting and marking of tractors and their trailers ; Safety can be increased at a fraction of the cost of ABS; Geneva is working on improvements of signalling, lighting and marking based on the recommendations of the study (AVLI group); 22 May 2013 Page 11

12 Mass limits as criteria for introduction of ABS on tractors Impact assessment option 3 suboption a: ABS > 3,5 ton mass in running order and > 40 km/h 100 % of fast tractors would be affected; Impact assessment option 3 suboption b: ABS > 10 ton maximum permissible mass and > 40 km/h > 70 % of fast tractors would be affected; Up to 4 % price increase Impact will differ between manufacturers; M1 M 2 M3 M 4 M 5 Share of Tb tractors out of total company production 10 % 10 % 12 % 14 % 35 % % of Tb tractors > 10 ton maximum permissible mass 40 % 67 % 84 % 100 % 100 % Share in total production Tb tractors (assumption that most tractors > 100 kw are Tb) for these 5 biggest producers 25 % 13 % 16 % 11 % 28 % 22 May 2013 Page 12

13 Conclusive remarks and recommendation The new draft Regulation is the first update in 15 years and will contain many new technologies improving braking performance: Alternative measures to ensure stability control on agricultural vehicles; Compatibility diagrams to ensure stability control on combinations of agricultural vehicles Proposed measures deal with PRESENT-FUTURE AND PAST (old trailers); Measures proposed will ensure a safe braking process of tractor-trailer combinations as of 30 km/h this will be challenge for S manufacturers; Provisions for ABS are included and can be used on a voluntary basis < 60 km/h and mandatory > 60 km/h Tractor manufacturers should be given the opportunity to demonstrate the positive effect and safety benefits of alternative measures for stability control and compatibility requirements 22 May 2013 Page 13

14 Thank you