RDE - GOING VIRTUAL. Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux (AVL) AVL List GmbH
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1 RDE - GOING VIRTUAL Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux (AVL) AVL List GmbH
2 CHALLENGE OF REAL DRIVING EMISSION Real Driving Emission will be mandatory as a part of the EURO 6c. Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 2
3 POWERTRAIN DEVELOPMENT PROCESS UC-2: As usual development / calibration Chassis Dyno Powertrain- and Engine testbed Type Approval In Service Compliance (Verification, Benchmark) Development Type Approval COP In-Service Compliance UC-3: Virtual Development HIL Front Loading Traffic Simulation on HIL or on test bed Chassis Dyno RDE Chassis Dyno RDE UC-1: Reproduction of RDE tests Chassis Dyno Powertrain- and Engine test bed Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 3
4 FRONTLOADING OF THE RDE VALIDATION WITH MODEL BASED TESTING METHODS Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 4
5 REAL WORLD EMISSIONS IN THE LAB Mounting and Validation Street Test Data Transfer to Dyno Re-Run on Dyno Re-Run on Dyno Reporting Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 5
6 ROAD2RIG RDE READY CD RDE driver s aid Data management Road importer RDE automation package RDE simulation platform Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 6
7 ROAD TEST WITH PEMS PRETEST Calibration (ecal) Leak check MAIN TEST Remote monitor POST TEST Audit check Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 7
8 CHASSIS DYNO TEST WITH IGEM VEHICLE Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 8
9 D.A.M.S. D.A.M.S. AVL AMA i6 AVL PSS i6 AVL AMA i6 AVL PSS i6 AVL P ART IC LE C OU NTE R AVL i6 BAG CABINET AVL P ART IC LE C OU NTE R AVL i6 BAG CABINET AVL i6 BAG CABINET AVL CVS i6 AVL i6 BAG CABINET AVL CVS i6 1 PND 1 PND CORRELATION: WLTP CVS + AMA + PSS + APC Automation PEMS Chassis Dyno In-Lab Correlation PEMS to CVS-Bag Correlation CO2 467 g/mi -.4 % g/mi NOx.44 g/mi %.48 g/mi CO g/mi +.59 % 1.11 g/mi FE mpg % mpg Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 9
10 D.A.M.S. D.A.M.S. AVL AMA i6 AVL PSS i6 AVL AMA i6 AVL PSS i6 AVL P ART IC LE C OU NTE R AVL i6 BAG CABINET AVL P ART IC LE C OU NTE R AVL i6 BAG CABINET AVL i6 BAG CABINET AVL CVS i6 AVL i6 BAG CABINET AVL CVS i6 1 PND 1 PND CORRELATION: ROAD-2-LAB CVS + AMA + PSS + APC Automation PEMS Chassis Dyno Road In-Lab Correlation PEMS to CVS-Bag Correlation Road to Lab Correlation with PEMS to PEMS Over all correlation CO g/mi -4.7 % g/mi +.8 % g/mi -4. % NOx.55 g/mi %.479 g/mi +. %.478 g/mi % CO g/mi +.3 % 1.12 g/mi % 1.38 g/mi % FE mpg +2.6 % mpg -.8% mpg +.8% Road to Lab Correlation Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 1
11 ROAD VS TEST CELL Vehicle speed engine speed Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June
12 DISTANCE DISTANCE [mi] recorder_time ms V_A CT mi/h.164 Veloc ity _Sy scomp_dy no mi/h.224 Velocity (Raw ) mi/h. Velocity (Raw ) mi/h. DIS TA NCE mi Cum. Trip Distanc e mi CD Road V_ACT [mi/h] Diff.158 miles Almost 1% recorder_time [ms] Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June
13 DIFFERENCE IN CO FROM THE ROAD TO LAB Time s CO(Raw ) pp m 33. CO(Raw ) pp m Velocity GPS mi/h. Veloc ity mi/h. m_ CO g m_ CO g m_co [g] CD Road CO(Raw) [ppm] Velocity GPS [mi/h] PEMS on Road and in Lab Difference in CO large spike at beginning of road test Time [s] Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June
14 CO2- PEMS ROAD VS MODAL DILUTED CD Road Velocity_SysComp_Dyno [km/h] 25, OBD_Engine_RPM_(PID_12) [rpm] Velocity_SysComp_Dyno [km/h] 25, ,5 2, 17,5 22,5 2, 17,5 MCO2 [g/s] 15, 12,5 1, MCO2 [g/s] 15, 12,5 1, 7,5 5, 2,5 7,5 5, 2,5, Time [s], Time [s] Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June
15 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE 4 Exhaust Temperature(Raw) [degc] CD Road V_ACT [km/h] recorder_time [ms] Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June
16 SAME POLLUTANT EVENTS 125 Velocity_SysComp_Dyno [km/h] OBD_Engine_RPM_(PID_12) [rpm],25,225,2,175,15 CD Road MNOx [g/s],125,1,35,3,75,5 NOx CO MCO [g/s],25,2,15,1,25,,5, -, Time [s] Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June
17 POWERTRAIN DEVELOPMENT PROCESS UC-2: As usual development / calibration Chassis Dyno Powertrain- and Engine testbed Type Approval In Service Compliance (Verification, Benchmark) Development Type Approval COP In-Service Compliance UC-3: Virtual Development HIL Front Loading Traffic Simulation on HIL or on test bed Chassis Dyno RDE Chassis Dyno RDE UC-1: Reproduction of RDE tests Chassis Dyno Powertrain- and Engine test bed Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June
18 Vehicle Speed km/h Relative Engine Load - % CHALLENGE OF REAL DRIVING EMISSION NEDC RDE Dynamic Driver NEDC Driving Time- s Engine Speed - rpm From exactly reproducible TESTCYCLES towards STATISTICAL PROBABILITY Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June
19 WORLD EMISSION INFLUENCES Air Temperature Wind and Sidewind Predictive Energy Management Tire Pressure Vehicle Load Air Pressure And Humidity Road Gradient Predictive Energy Management Road Curvature Connected Driving Traffic Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Driving Style (aggressive, defensive, moderate) Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June
20 RDE TESTING BOUNDARY CONDITIONS GRAZ Gleisdorf Temperature Moderate C to 3 C / Extended (-7 C to 35 C) Altitude Moderate < 7 m / Extended < 13m Trip / Driver / Dynamics City (34%) / Rural (33%) / Motorway (33%), up to 16 km/h, 9-12 min, min. share of accelerations ROAD Load no empty vehicle, heating or air condition on Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 2
21 FRONTLOADING WITH MODEL BASED TESTING We are able to enrich the reality at test beds for quick variants! Vehicle Model Driver Model With styles Normal Defensive Eco Aggressive with variation of Air Resistance cwa Rolling resistance Rotating inertias Brake losses etc. Road / Environment Model With types Traffic Weather Wind Gradient Curvature Etc. Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June
22 RDE WORKFLOW Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June
23 THE POWER TO EMPOWER THE PRODUCT-PROCESS-PEOPLE-CONTINUUM AVL INMOTION Situation Challenge Solution Benefits Empowering the 3Ps People Process Products The Triad. Copyright: Prof. Jens Wittenburg Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June
24 24
25 FRONTLOADING WITH MODEL BASED TESTING RDE Road Measurement RDE Testing on Chassis Dyno RDE Testing and Calibration on ETB RDE Calibration on Virtual Test Bed Benefits Early problem detection is much cheaper to fix! Reproducible and accessible for problem solving Efficient check of vehicle variants Testing and calibration Same Results effort reduction Re-use of knowledge Same Models Same Tests Same Tools Same Data Storage Same Analysis Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June
![FRONTLOADING WITH MODEL BASED TESTING RDE Road Measurement Automated Pre- Processing RDE Testing on Chassis Dyno Standardized RDE Analysis Steer.WhlAng [deg] Car.](/docs-images/95/124417238/images/26-1.jpg "v [km/h] 15 14 13 12 11 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 35 3 25 2 15 1 5-5 -1-15 -2-25 -3-35 -4 3 32 34 36 38 4 42 44 46 Car.Distance [m] 3 32 34 36 38 4 42 44 46 Car.")
![Distance [m] 15 14 13 12 11 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 35 3 25 2 15 1 5-5 -1-15 -2-25 -3-35 -4 m_dm.steer.ang [ ] m_car.v [km/h] Proceed as usual using AVL](/docs-images/95/124417238/images/26-4.jpg "M.O.V.E Automated road and profile and vehicle model generation PEMS and CVS on the test bed. Drivers Aid or Robot.")
26 FRONTLOADING WITH MODEL BASED TESTING RDE Road Measurement Automated Pre- Processing RDE Testing on Chassis Dyno Standardized RDE Analysis Steer.WhlAng [deg] Car.v [km/h] Car.Distance [m] Car.Distance [m] m_dm.steer.ang [ ] m_car.v [km/h] Proceed as usual using AVL M.O.V.E Automated road and profile and vehicle model generation PEMS and CVS on the test bed. Drivers Aid or Robot. Parameter studies to get robustness RDE post processing as usual and track based evaluation Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June
27 RDE USE CASES UC-2: RDE Reference Cycles RDE: Real driving emission test Development Type Approval COP In-Service Compliance UC-3: Virtual Integration Chassis Dyno RDE Chassis Dyno RDE UC-1: Reproduction and Analysis Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June
28 RDE ON CHASSIS DYNO & ENGINE TESTBED AT TÜV SÜD AND TU DARMSTADT Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June
29 Vehicle Speed - km/h Engine Speed - rpm Torque - Nm RDE TESTING AND ANALYSIS Graz Time - s Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June
30 CHALLENGE OF REAL DRIVING EMISSION Vehicles show significant differences between EURO 6 emission measurement and Real Driving Emissions. Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June 216 3
31 RDE TESTING AND ANALYSIS Application expertise are needed to setup data analysis rules and ontologies GASOLINE DIESEL Engine map (stationary) Enrichment Scavenging Cat space velocity EGR Injection Timing UREA Dosing Time CO EVENT- FINDER Transient effects Transient fuelling (metering / mixture formation) EGR transient control Air path NO x PN Event history Catalyst temperature Engine temperature Conditioning EAS (Loading, temperature) Engine temperature Relevance: Map Transients Event History Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June
32 Velocity - km/h Torque - Nm Altitude - m NOx - ppm NOx - ppm RDE TESTING AND ANALYSIS NOx Peaks with Acceleration & Purging NOx NOx Peak after downhill drive cooled down EAS NOx Velocity - km/h Torque - Nm Throttle - % Torque Time [s] Engine Speed - rpm Pedal - % Altitude Torque Time - s Engine Speed - rpm Pedal - % Relevance: Map Transients Event History Felix Pfister & Rodolph Belleux June
33 THANK YOU
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