WP5 - Computational Mechanics B5 - Temporary Vertical Concrete Safety Barrier MAIN REPORT Volume 1 of 1

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1 ROBUST PROJECT TRL Limited WP5 - Computational Mechanics B5 - Temporary Vertical Concrete Safety Barrier MAIN REPORT Volume 1 of 1 December 2005 Doc. No.: ROBUST-5-010c Rev. 0.

2 (Logo here) Main Report Report title: WP5 - Computational Mechanics Client: TRL Limited TRL Project no.: ROBUST EC/HA / Doc. no.: Document no ROBUST-5-010c - Rev. 0 Reporter(s): M McGrath and G Williams Abstract: The Robust Project aims to improve scientific and technical knowledge on the main issues still open in the new European standards on the road restraint system EN1317. The knowledge acquired will form the basis of updated standards for EN 1317 and lead to more advanced road restraint systems and improve road-users safety. This report is part of the deliverables from Work Package 5 Computational Mechanics. This report documents the simulations performed on the B5 temporary vertical concrete safety barrier. The simulations were performed by TRL Limited. Keywords: Restricted Internal Free distribution Ref. allowed Rev. no. Date Prepared by Checked by Approved by Reason for revision M McGrath G Williams Issued for records no-en

3 ROBUST project Page i CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Summary Conclusions SIMULATION OF BARRIER B5 CASE General Additional data Input data Test item Test procedure Analysis data Analysis results REFERENCES...13

4 ROBUST project Page 1 1 INTRODUCTION The Robust project aims to improve scientific and technical knowledge on the main issues still open in the new European standards on road restraint systems EN The knowledge acquired will form the basis of updated standards for EN1317 and lead to more advanced road restraint systems and improved road-users safety. This report is part of the deliverables from Work Package 5 Computational Mechanics. The objective of WP5 is: Evaluation and enhancement of the use of computational mechanics to complement experimental activity Criteria and procedures for the validation of computational mechanics results through comparison with test results Reconstruction of real life accidents Identification of the activity needed for further enhancement of the use of computational mechanics. This report documents the simulations performed on the B5 temporary vertical concrete safety barrier. The simulations were performed by TRL Limited as part of the ROBUST project and were run with version 970 revision 5434a of LS-DY with the data output at 1.0E-5 from the THF and NODOUT files.

5 ROBUST project Page 2 2 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 2.1 Summary The following simulation has been performed with the B5 barrier: Barrier Test Name id. Chapter B5 case 3 B5 Concrete GM_R4_Vehicle- B5_Concrete_barrier Chapter 3 The main results are summarised in Table 2-1 below. Table 2-1 Results from simulation with the B5 barrier Case ASI [-] THIV [km/h] PHD [g] Working Width [mm] Exit speed [km/h] Exit angle [deg] Trajectory Detailed description * 29.13* OK Chapter 3 * These values were calculate using VISA software. 2.2 Conclusions

6 ROBUST project Page 3 3 SIMULATION OF BARRIER B5 CASE General The barrier used in the simulation was a temporary vertical concrete safety barrier (B5) and the vehicle model was a Geometro (GM_R4), which was supplied as part of the project. The setup was to EN1317 specification and consisted of a vehicle (862.5 kg) impacting the barrier with an initial speed of 100 km/h and an angle of 20 degrees. The characteristics specific to this simulation are: The barrier model was developed at TRL The base of the barrier is rigidly fixed in space No friction between barrier and vehicle Friction between the ground and tyres was set to Additional data The following data and files supplement the result presentation of the simulation as presented in this chapter. Excel worksheet file: Rawdata file: Animations: GM_R4_Vehicle-B5_Concrete_barrier.xls GM_R4_Vehicle-B5_Concrete_barrier_Rawdata.zip - front view GM_R4_Vehicle-B5_Concrete_barrier_Front_view.mpg * - side view GM_R4_Vehicle-B5_Concrete_barrier_Side_view.mpg * - top view GM_R4_Vehicle-B5_Concrete_barrier_Top_view.mpg * - perspective GM_R4_Vehicle-B5_Concrete_barrier_Perspective_view.mpg * *AVI format of the animation is available on request (approximately 130MB each) 3.3 Input data Test item Test item: Vehicle: Temporary vertical concrete safety barrier (B5) GeoMetro GM_R4

7 ROBUST project Page Test procedure 1) Test type TB11 Impact speed: Impact angle: Impact point Spinning wheels: Inertial vehicle test mass: 100 km/h 20 degrees About 5.1 metres from the beginning of the VRS Yes 893 kg 2) VRS model Barrier type: Number of posts: Spacing: Total length: Element formulation/type: Connection/Joints: Foundation: End anchoring: Soil (type and formulation): Roadway: Temporary Vertical Concrete Safety Barrier (B5) None None 18 m Solid elastic brick elements None used None, though barrier rigidly fixed in space Plot of FE-Model Table 3.1 Material Data Table 3.2 Modelled as rigid walls 3) Vehicle model The model of the GeoMetro, version GM_R4 was used in the simulation. The mass of the vehicle includes the mass of the GEBOD dummy model Analysis data Timestep: Precision: 1.29E-6 Single Friction barrier/vehicle (static coefficient): 0.0 Friction barrier/vehicle (dynamic coefficient) 0.0 Friction wheel/ground (static coefficient) 0.7 Friction wheel/ground (dynamic coefficient) Accelerometer location (mounting block) from COG (mm) As supplied with model

8 ROBUST project Page 5 Sampling rate Friction other: 1.0E-5 for THF and NODOUT data Table 3-1 Model description. Temporary Vertical Concrete Safety Barrier (B5) Computer model, Model description Nodes Shell elements / Brick elements Spot welds Materials Other The concrete barrier was modelled using solid elements with dimensions 0.8m height, 0.45m depth and 18m length. The base of the barrier was fixed in space using single point constraints (SPCs). Friction was modelled between the vehicle and the concrete barrier. The road was modelled in the FE-model. Table 3-2 Material characteristic Steel and plastic sections. Vehicle restraint system Part E-Module [MPa] Density [kg/m3] Yield Stress [MPa] Ultimate Stress [MPa] Failure Strain [-] Comments B5 Concrete barrier Elastic Strain Rate Stress vs. strain values

9 ROBUST project Page Analysis results 1) VRS Maximum global dynamic deflection: 0 mm Working width: 450 mm Maximum global permanent deflection: 0 mm Length of contact: 1.3 m approximately Major parts fractured or detached: No Description of damage to test items: Limited Ground anchorage s meets design levels: Plot of test items: Table Table 3-6 2) Vehicle Image of the vehicle at the time when the exit angle and speed were calculated at 200ms Exit speed: km/h Exit angle: 4.12 degrees Rebound distance: Vehicle breaches barrier: No Vehicle passes over the barrier: No Vehicle within CEN box : Simulation was not run for a long enough period to make the assessment. Vehicle rolls over after impact: No Damage to test vehicle: Table 3-7

10 ROBUST project Page 7 3) General description of vehicle trajectory: The vehicle hits the VRS at a velocity of 100 km/h and at an angle of 20 degrees. The vehicle leaves the VRS at an angle of 4.12 degrees. The trajectory is good in the simulation. Vehicle damage TAD: Vehicle damage VDI: Vehicle cockpit def. index VCDI: Major parts of vehicle detached: No Plots of the vehicle: Table 3-7 4) Assessment of the impact severity Post-processing procedure Accelerometer data used in Diadem Acceleration severity index, ASI: 1.75 Acceleration graphs: No THIV: km/h Time of flight: Post-impact head deceleration, PHD: - Flail space: 0.6 x 0.3 m 5) General statement Based on the above it can be concluded that the crash protection system fulfils the requirements of the CEN standard

11 ROBUST project Page 8 Table 3-3 Vehicle - Front view. Time 0.00 Time 0.08 Time 0.16 Time 0.24 Time 0.35 Time 0.42

12 ROBUST project Page 9 Table 3-4 Vehicle Side view. Time 0.00 Time 0.08 Time 0.16 Time 0.24 Time 0.35 Time 0.42

13 ROBUST project Page 10 Table 3-5 Vehicle - Top view Time 0.00 Time 0.08 Time 0.16 Time 0.24 Time 0.35 Time 0.42

14 ROBUST project Page 11 Table 3-6 Vehicle Iso View Time 0.00 Time 0.08 Time 0.16 Time 0.24 Time 0.35 Time 0.42

15 ROBUST project Page 12 Top view Table 3-7 Vehicle damage. Bottom view Side view Side view View View

16 ROBUST project Page 13 4 REFERENCES Ref. 1: Ref. 2: EN : Road restraint systems Part 1: Terminology and general criteria for test methods. European Committee for Standardization, April EN : Road restraint systems Part 2: Performance classes, impact test acceptance criteria and test methods for safety barriers. European Committee for Standardization, April 1998.

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