Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay - Global Market Size, Segmentation and Competitive Landscape Analysis to 2020

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1 Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay - Global Market Size, Segmentation and Competitive Landscape Analysis to 2020 Reference Code: GDPE1046MAR Publication Date: August 2012 The Growing Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market The global Medium Voltage and High Voltage (MVHV) protective relay market is currently valued at $XX billion, and is expected to double in size by Reasons for this growth in the market include investments in new infrastructure projects due largely to increased electricity consumption, and an increasing number of retrofit projects. Electricity consumption grew at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of XX% between 2006 and 2011 and is expected to increase at a CAGR of XX% between 2012 and Following this, there is expected to be increased investment in installed power generation capacity, as well as Transmission and Distribution (T&D) infrastructure such as substations, transmission lines, distribution lines and other equipment. This will result in increased market demand for MVHV protective relays. Furthermore, global growth in the industrial sector is also expected to boost the MVHV protective relay market. The changing standards of the industry and requirements of expansion and replacement of old units will lead to an increasing number of retrofit projects. Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Global, Market Revenue ($bn), China Expected to Drive the Protective Relay Market Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) have high global shares of new-build T&D infrastructure, and as a result are expected to be major drivers of the protective relay market. Of these four, China accounts for the dominating share, constituting XX% of the global MVHV revenue, and it is expected that it will continue to drive the market over the forecast period. The Chinese protective relay market grew at a CAGR of over XX% between 2006 and 2011, and it is expected to grow at a high rate during the forecast period as well. Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, China, Market Revenue ($m), Revenues ($m) Year Source: GlobalData, Primary Interviews with Protective Relay Industry Experts in China and North America Revenues ($bn) Competition in the Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market Source: GlobalData, Primary Interviews with Protective Relay Industry Experts in North America and Europe Year ABB, Siemens, Alstom, and Schneider Electric currently lead the global MVHV protective relay market. Some major global competitors include General Electric, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories and NR Electric, although intense competition is also emerging from countries such as India, China and Russia. Chinese competitors in particular are venturing into the global market and competing by providing cheaper protective relay products than the leading providers. Page 1

2 1 Table of Contents 1 Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures Introduction Scope of the Report GlobalData Report Guidance Global Protective Relay Market Technology Overview Relays Protective Relays Global Medium and High Protective Relay Market, Drivers and Challenges Impact Analysis Global Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Drivers and Impact Analysis Global Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Restraint and Impact Analysis Global Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Market Revenue ($), Global Protective Relay Market, Developing vs. Mature Markets Global Protective Relay Market, Key Countries The US: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market Overview The US: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), The US: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers (%), The US: High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), The US: Medium Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), The US: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers, The US: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Pricing Trends Germany: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market Overview Germany: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), Germany: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Split of the Market Revenue (%), Germany: High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), Germany: Medium Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), Germany: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers (%), Germany: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Relay Product Pricing Trends, The UK: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market Overview The UK: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), The UK: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Split of the Market Revenue (%), The UK: High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), The UK: Medium Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), The UK: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers (%), The UK: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Relay Product Pricing Trends, China: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market Overview China: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), China: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Split of the Market Revenue (%), China: High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), China: Medium Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), Page 2

3 4.4.6 China: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers, China: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Market Pricing Trends India: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market Overview India: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), India: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Split of the Market Revenue (%), India: High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), India: Medium Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), India: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers, India: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Market Pricing Trends Saudi Arabia: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market Overview Saudi Arabia: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), Saudi Arabia: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Split of the Market Revenue (%), Saudi Arabia: High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), Saudi Arabia: Medium Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), Saudi Arabia: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers (%), Saudi Arabia: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Product Pricing Trends, Canada: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market Overview Canada: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), Canada: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Split of the Market Revenue (%), Canada: High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), Canada: Medium Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), Canada: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers, Canada: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Pricing Trends Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay, Competitive Landscape Overview of the Top Players in the Market ABB Siemens Alstom and Schneider Electric SEL GE Competitive Benchmarking Market Share Research and Development Product Portfolio Appendix Abbreviations Bibliography Definitions Power Installed Capacity Electricity Generation Electricity Consumption Thermal Power Hydro Power Nuclear Power Renewable Power Market Size Renewable Energy Resources Coverage Page 3

4 6.5 Methodology Secondary Research Primary Research Definitions, Market Estimates and Assumptions Contact Us Disclaimer Page 4

5 1.1 List of Tables Table 1: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Global, Revenue Forecast ($bn), Table 2: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, The US, Revenue Forecast ($m), Table 3: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, The UK, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers (%), Table 4: High Voltage Protective Relay Market, The US, Revenue Forecast ($m), Table 5: Medium Voltage Protective Relay Market, The US, Revenue Forecast ($m), Table 6: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, The US, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers (%), Table 7: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Germany, Revenue Forecast ($m), Table 8: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Germany, Split of the Market Revenue (%), Table 9: High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Germany, Revenue Forecast ($m), Table 10: Medium Voltage Protective Relay Market, Germany, Revenue Forecast ($m), Table 11: Medium Voltage Protective Relay Market, Germany, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers (%), Table 12: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, The UK, Revenue Forecast ($m), Table 13: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, The UK, Split of the Market Revenue (%), Table 14: High Protective Relay Market, The UK, Revenue Forecast ($m), Table 15: Medium Protective Relay Market, The UK, Revenue Forecast ($m), Table 16: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, The UK, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers (%), Table 17: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, China, Revenue Forecast ($m), Table 18: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, China, Split of the Market Revenue (%), Table 19: High Protective Relay Market, China, Revenue Forecast ($m), Table 20: Medium Protective Relay Market, China, Revenue Forecast ($m), Table 21: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, China, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers (%), Table 22: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, India, Revenue Forecast ($m), Table 23: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, India, Split of the Market Revenue (%), Table 24: High Protective Relay Market, India, Revenue Forecast ($m), Table 25: Medium Protective Relay Market, India, Revenue Forecast ($m), Table 26: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, India, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers (%), Table 27: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Saudi Arabia, Revenue Forecast ($m), Table 28: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Saudi Arabia, Split of the Market Revenue (%), Table 29: High Protective Relay Market, Saudi Arabia, Revenue Forecast ($m), Table 30: Medium Protective Relay Market, Saudi Arabia, Revenue Forecast ($m), Table 31: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Saudi Arabia, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers (%), Table 32: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Canada, Revenue Forecast ($m), Table 33: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Canada, Split of the Market Revenue (%), Table 34: High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Canada, Revenue Forecast ($m), Table 35: Medium Voltage Protective Relay Market, Canada, Revenue Forecast ($m), Table 36: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Canada, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers (%), Table 37: Abbreviations Page 5

6 1.2 List of Figures Figure 1: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Technology, Working of a Relay... 9 Figure 2: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Technology, Evolution of Protection Relay Figure 3: Power Market, Global, Growth of Power Consumption and Capacity Figure 4: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Global, Drivers Impact Analysis Figure 5: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Global, Restraints Impact Analysis Figure 6: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Global, Revenue Forecast ($bn), Figure 7: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Selected Countries Growth Rate Comparison (%), Figure 8: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, The US, Revenue Forecast ($m), Figure 9: High Voltage Protective Relay Market, The US, Revenue Forecast ($m), Figure 10: Medium Voltage Protective Relay Market, The US, Revenue Forecast ($m), Figure 11: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, The US, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers (%), Figure 12: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Germany, Revenue Forecast ($m), Figure 13: High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Germany, Revenue Forecast ($m), Figure 14: Medium Voltage Protective Relay Market, Germany, Revenue Forecast ($m), Figure 15: Medium Voltage Protective Relay Market, Germany, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers (%), Figure 16: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, The UK, Revenue Forecast ($m), Figure 17: High Protective Relay Market, The UK, Revenue Forecast ($m), Figure 18: Medium Protective Relay Market, The UK, Revenue Forecast ($m), Figure 19: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, The UK, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers (%), Figure 20: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, China, Revenue Forecast ($m), Figure 21: High Protective Relay Market, China, Revenue Forecast ($m), Figure 22: Medium Protective Relay Market, China, Revenue Forecast ($m), Figure 23: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, China, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers (%), Figure 24: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, India, Revenue Forecast ($m), Figure 25: High Protective Relay Market, India, Revenue Forecast ($m), Figure 26: Medium Protective Relay Market, India, Revenue Forecast ($m), Figure 27: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, India, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers (%), Figure 28: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Saudi Arabia, Revenue Forecast ($m), Figure 29: High Protective Relay Market, Saudi Arabia, Revenue Forecast ($m), Figure 30: Medium Protective Relay Market, Saudi Arabia, Revenue Forecast ($m), Figure 31: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Saudi Arabia, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers (%), Figure 32: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Canada, Revenue Forecast ($m), Figure 33: High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Canada, Revenue Forecast ($m), Figure 34: Medium Voltage Protective Relay Market, Canada, Revenue Forecast ($m), Figure 35: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Canada, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers (%), Figure 36: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Global, Competitive Benchmarking (%), Page 6

7 2 Introduction According to the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), a relay is an electric device that is designed to respond to input conditions in a prescribed manner and, after specified conditions are met, to cause contact operation or similar abrupt change in associated electric control circuits. In other words, protective relays are used to sense abnormally low or high voltage in a system and trigger a circuit breaker once the fault is sensed. The current global Medium Voltage and High Voltage (MVHV) protective relay market is valued at $XX billion, and this is expected to double by The most prominent reasons for this growth in the market include increased investments in infrastructure and also an increasing number of retrofit projects. Market revenues for MVHV protective relays are growing at a steady rate. The power generation, transmission, and distribution sector accounts for the largest share of market revenues, followed by the industrial sector. MVHV relays are typically not bought by residential customers, and this demographic does not account for a significant share of the protective relay market. 2.1 Scope of the Report This report covers the market for MVHV protective relays only. Low voltage relays are not covered. The voltage levels considered in the report are: Medium voltage market: from XXkV to XXkV High voltage market: above XXkV Market shares for overall MVHV protective relay markets are covered at country level. The pricing trends discussed in the report are for average individual protective relay products sold, and this could differ from the cost of protective relays when sold in contract. Markets in India, China, the UK, the US, Canada, Saudi Arabia and Germany have been covered in the report. Differentiated revenue figures for the MVHV relay markets have been provided for all countries covered in the report. However, this differentiation has not been provided at the global level. 2.2 GlobalData Report Guidance Chapter three covers the global protective relay market, in which the technology overview and the global MVHV protective relay market revenue forecast between 2006 and 2020 have been covered. Chapter four covers the MVHV protective relay market revenue forecast from 2006 to 2020, including pricing trends and market share for 2011 for some of the key countries. This section also contains the revenue forecast differentiation for the medium voltage and high voltage protective relay markets for each of the countries. The countries covered in this report are the US, Germany, the UK, India, China, Canada and Saudi Arabia. Chapter five covers the competitive landscape of the major players in the global MVHV protective relay market. Chapter six covers the appendix, which includes market definitions, abbreviations and bibliography. Note: Market revenues have been rounded off throughout the report which may result in some minor discrepancies caused by rounding off errors.. Page 7

8 4.1.6 The US: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers, 2011 Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories (SEL) currently account for the largest share of the MVHV protective relay market in the US. The company manufactures protective relays and other protection related equipments for both power utilities and the industrial sector. In 2011, SEL accounted for about XX% of the MVHV protective relay market, followed by General Electric (GE) with a share of about XX%, and ABB with a market share of about XX%. Dazzler and Siemens also have considerable shares in the market. Figure 11: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, The US, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers (%), 2011 Others ABB SEL GE Source: GlobalData, Primary Interviews with Protective Relay Industry Experts in North America Table 6: Medium and High Voltage Protective Relay Market, The US, Market Share of Major Protective Relay Manufacturers (%), 2011 Company Market Share (%) SEL GE ABB Others Source: GlobalData, Primary Interviews with Protective Relay Industry Experts in North America Page 22

9 4.3.4 The UK: High Voltage Protective Relay Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), The high voltage protective relay market recorded a market size of $XXm in Market revenue has declined from $XXm in 2007 due to the economic recession. In the context of the overall MVHV protective relay market, the high voltage protective relay market was affected particularly negatively during 2008 and 2009 because the number of products being sold was drastically reduced as a result of low investment in power generation and transmission activities. Even in 2010, there was no significant investment in the protective relay market. However, due to the rail network electrification project there has been an increase in contract sales of high voltage protective relays. Market revenues increased from $XXm in 2010 to $XXm in There are a number of transmission network and generation projects that are expected to appear in the UK, and as a result the high voltage protective relay market is expected to grow at a steady pace between 2011 and The market is forecasted to increase at a CAGR of XX% from $XXm in 2011 to $XXm in Figure 17: High Protective Relay Market, The UK, Revenue Forecast ($m), Revenues ($m) Year Source: GlobalData, Primary Interviews with Protective Relay Industry Experts in the UK Page 33

10 Table 14: High Protective Relay Market, The UK, Revenue Forecast ($m), Year Source: GlobalData, Primary Interviews with Protective Relay Industry Experts in the UK Revenues ($m) Page 34

11 6 Appendix 6.1 Abbreviations Table 37: Abbreviations Abbreviation AC BRIC CAGR Ckm DC GCC GDP GE GW GWh HMI IEEE IO km kv MVHV MW RPS R&D SCADA SEL SGCC T&D V Source: GlobalData Full Form Alternating Current Brazil, Russia, India, China Compound Annual Growth Rate Circuit kilometer Direct Current Gulf Cooperation Council Gross Domestic Product General Electric Gigawatt Gigawatt hours Human Machine Interface Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Input-Output kilometer kilovolt Medium Voltage and High Voltage Megawatt Renewable Portfolio Standards Research & Development Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. State Grid Corporation of China Transmission and Distribution volt 6.2 Bibliography Isidore C (2012). World Bank warns on risk of global recession. World Bank via CNN Money. Available from: [Accessed June 20, 2012]. Manufacturers Alliance for Productivity and Innovation via Industry Week (2012). China's Manufacturing Sector Still Growing Despite Slowdown in Available from: _in_2011_26553.aspx. [Accessed July 5, 2012]. Nathan S (2011). Growth Industries: the future for the UK s emerging technology sectors. The Engineer. Available from: [Accessed June 21, 2012]. Central Bank of Saudi Arabia (2011) via Arabian business.com. Saudi Arabia's GDP growth seen at 5.1% in Available from: [Accessed June 16, 2012] Page 70

12 Saudi Industrial Development Fund (SIDF) (2012). Industrial Development in Saudi Arabia. Available from: spx. [Accessed June 20, 2012]. Siemens (2010). Green Technology Theatre: Smart Grids. Available from: State Grid Corporation via Research in China (2012). Construction of Smart Substations to Take Center Stage in China. Available from: [Accessed July 5, 2012]. 6.3 Definitions Power According to "Energy Information Administration" power is defined as the rate of producing, transferring, or using energy, most commonly associated with electricity. Power is measured in watts and often expressed in kilowatts (kw) or megawatts (MW) Installed Capacity According to "Energy Information Administration" installed capacity is defined as the amount of electric power delivered or required for which a generator, turbine, transformer, transmission circuit, station, or system is rated by the manufacturer Electricity Generation According to "Energy Information Administration" electricity generation is defined as the process of producing electric energy by transforming other forms of energy; also, the amount of electric energy produced, expressed Gigawatt hours (GWh) Electricity Consumption Electricity consumption is computed as electricity generated, plus imports, minus exports, minus transmission and distribution losses. It is measured in Gigawatt-hours (GWh) Thermal Power Thermal power is defined as the electricity generated by turbine generators driven by burning fossil fuelscoal, gas and oil Hydro Power Hydro power is defined as the electricity generated by turbine generators driven by the gravitational force of running water Nuclear Power Nuclear power is defined as the electricity generated by the use of the thermal energy released from the fission of nuclear fuel in a reactor Renewable Power Renewable power is defined as the electricity generated from naturally replenishing energy resources. These energy sources are flow-limited. The energy resources include: biomass, biogas, geothermal, solar, tidal, wave and wind Market Size The revenue generated from the power market equipment (e.g. HVDC converter station) sold in that particular period Renewable Energy Resources Naturally replenishing energy resources limited in the amount of energy that is available per unit of time. For example, biomass, geothermal, solar, and wind can all be termed as renewable resources. Page 71

13 6.4 Coverage This report gives detailed information on the global medium and high voltage protective relay market and examines the key countries such as the US, China, India, the UK, Germany, Canada and Saudi Arabia for the same. The report provides: The forecast for medium voltage protective relay (1 kv- 33 kv) market and high voltage protective relay market (above 33 kv) between Market shares for overall medium and high voltage protective relay markets covered at country level. The pricing trends discussed in the report are for average individual protective relay products sold, and this could differ from the cost of protective relays when sold in contract. Competitive Benchmarking of the five of the leading players in the industry, namely, ABB, Siemens, General Electric, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories and Alstom and Schneider Electric. 6.5 Methodology GlobalData s dedicated research and analysis teams consist of experienced professionals with a pedigree in marketing and market research, consulting backgrounds in the energy industry, and advanced levels of statistical expertise. GlobalData adheres to the Codes of Practice of the Market Research Society ( and the Strategic and Competitive Intelligence Professionals ( All GlobalData s databases are continuously updated and revised. The following methodology has been followed for the collection and analysis of data presented in this report Secondary Research The research process begins with exhaustive secondary research within GlobalData's own databases and external sources. Market values and volumes, pricing estimates and market growth rates are arrived at by taking the following into consideration: Statistics and historic trends provided by government bodies, industry associations and equipment vendors Utility expansion plans and other electrification plans Government, industry and private sector investments Government regulations and policies Other insights built through secondary research and analysis of company websites, annual reports, investor presentations, industry and trade journals Primary Research A number of primary interviews are conducted with personnel across the value chain to verify and fine tune the market numbers obtained from secondary research and get first hand information on industry trends. Participants are then drawn from a diverse set of backgrounds including equipment manufacturers, industry associations, government bodies, utilities. Participants include, but are not limited to, business development and sales managers, C-level executives, industry consultants and product suppliers. Page 72

14 6.5.3 Definitions, Market Estimates and Assumptions The total medium and high voltage protective relay market - historic, present and future - has been estimated based on growth of industrial and power generation sector. The growth trend has been established based on the drivers and restraints impacting the protective relay market in each of the countries. The revenue split of medium vs, high voltage protective relays has been arrived at by studying the kind of drivers impacting the protective relay market in a particular country. The split has been verified by industry experts. The average price of a protective relay considered is based on off- the-shelf price of a single component.protective relays sold as part of bigger contracts have not been considered for arriving at the average prices. The competitive landscape takes intro considered the following three factors: market share, product portfolio and R&D investment. Only the top five global players have been compared in this section. 6.7 Disclaimer All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher, GlobalData. This report is a licensed product and should not to be reproduced without prior permission. Page 73