ELECTRIC INCIDENT INVESTIGATION WORKSHOP

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Dayna Tracey Boone
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1 ELECTRIC INCIDENT INVESTIGATION WORKSHOP Schedule Start Hour Finish Hour Day 1 Breakfast 8:00 A.M. 8:30 A.M. Workshop in session Introduction Electrical Theory Physiological Effects of Electricity 8:30 A.M. 10:15 A.M. System Protection Sag & Tension Calculations Break 10:15 A.M. 10:30 A.M. Workshop in session NESC Incident Investigation 10:30 A.M. Noon Measurements Working Lunch Noon 1:00 P.M. Workshop in session Photography Evidence Crane Contacts Buildings Tanks & Signs 1:00 P.M. 2:20 P.M. Break 2:20 P.M. 2:40 P.M. Workshop in session Antenna Contacts Ladders & Scaffolding People Climbing Poles House / Structure Movers 2:40 P.M. 4:00 P.M. Day 2 Breakfast 8:00 A.M. 8:30 A.M. Workshop in session Joint Use Poles Wire Strikes Boating Incidents 8:30 A.M. 9:30 A.M. Grain Auger Contacts Vehicle Pole Hits Underground Incidents Break 9:30 A.M. 9:45 A.M. Case Study 1 Case Study 2 Case Study 3 Case Study 4 9:45 A.M. 11:45 A.M.

AEGIS Electrical Incident Investigation Workshop

- 1961 Driveway NESC Vertical Clearance to

2 AEGIS Electrical Incident Investigation Workshop ACME MOVING 16 FT FT FT Driveway NESC Vertical Clearance to Residential Driveways Service Wire (Typical) Table > > R/W Clearance Above Roads Primary Conductor Table 232-1

AEGIS Electrical Incident Investigation Workshop 1961 1977 1987 1990 3 FT. 5 FT.

3 AEGIS Electrical Incident Investigation Workshop FT. 5 FT. 5-6 FT. 7.5 FT. NESC Horizontal Clearance to Buildings Primary Conductor Table FT. 10 FT. 8 FT NESC Vertical Clearance to Buildings Primary Conductor Table 234-1

4 AEGIS Electrical Incident Investigation Workshop 8.0 FT and No Specified Specified No Clearance to Signs E AT A T EAT AT T M CH ELLE S S MICHELLE S GREA T! FOOD 5.0 FT FT. FT NESC Vertical Clearance to Signs Primary Conductor Table Requirements Pre-1990 Requirements Requirements Pre == NESC Vertical & Horizontal Clearances to Grain Bins Up to 22 kv Rule 234F

5 Table (in feet) Vertical Clearance of Wires, Conductors, and Cables Above Ground, Roadway, Rail, or Water Surfaces 25 (Voltages are phase to ground for effectively grounded circuits and those other circuits where all ground faults are cleared by promptly deenergizing the faulted section, both initially and following subsequent breaker operations. See the definitions section for voltages of other systems. See Rules 232B1, 232C1a, and 232D4.) Nature of surface underneath wires, conductors, or cables 1. Track rails of railroads (except electrified railroads using overhead 2, 16 trolley conductors) Insulated communication conductors and cable; messengers; overhead shield/surgeprotection wires; grounded guys; guys exposed to 0 to 300 V11, 15; neutral conductors meeting Rule 230E1; supply cables meeting Rule 230C1 (ft) Noninsulated communication conductors; supply cables of 0 to 750 V meeting Rules 230C2 or 230C3 (ft) Supply cables over 750 V meeting Rules 230C2 or 230C3; open supply conductors, 0 to 750 V3; guys exposed to over 300 V to 750 V14(ft) Open supply conductors, over 750 V to 22 kv; guys exposed to 750 V to 22 kv14 (ft) Where wires, conductors, or cables cross over or overhang Trolley and electrified railroad contact conductors and associated span or messenger wires 0 to 750 V to ground (ft) Over 750 V to 22 kv to ground (ft) Roads, streets, and other areas subject to truck traffic Driveways, parking 7, lots, and alleys 23 7, Other areas traversed by vehicles, such as cultivated, grazing, forest, orchard, etc Spaces and ways subject to pedestrians or restricted traffic only 9 6. Water areas not suitable for sailboating or where sailboating is prohibited Water areas suitable for sailboating including lakes, ponds, reservoirs, tidal waters, rivers, streams, and canals with an unobstructed surface area of...17, 18, 19, 20, a. Less than 20 acres b. Over 20 to 200 acres c. Over 200 to 2000 acres d. Over 2000 acres Established boat ramps and associated rigging areas; areas posted with sign(s) for rigging or launching sail boats Clearance above ground shall be 5 ft greater than in 7 above, for the type of water areas served by the launching sites Where wires, conductors, or cables run along and within the limits of highways or other road rights-ofway but do not overhang the roadway 9. Roads, streets, or alleys 10. Roads where it is unlikely that vehicles will be crossing under the line ,

6 1 Where subways, tunnels, or bridges require it, less clearance above ground or rails than required by Table may be used locally. The trolley and electrified railroad contact conductor should be graded very gradually from the regular construction down to the reduced elevation. 2 For wires, conductors, or cables crossing over mine,logging, and similar railways that handle only cars lower than standard freight cars, the clearance may be reduced by an amount equal to the difference in height between the highest loaded car handled and 20 ft, but the clearance shall not be reduced below that required for street crossings. 3 Does not include neutral conductors meeting Rule 230E1. 4 In communities where 21 ft has been established, this clearance may be continued if carefully maintained. The elevation of the contact conductor should be the same in the crossing and next adjacent spans. (See Rule 225D2 for conditions that must be met where uniform height above rail is impractical.) 5 In communities where 16 ft has been established for trolley and electrified railroad contact conductors 0 to 750 V to ground, or 18 ft for trolley and electrified railroad contact conductors exceeding 750 V, or where local conditions make it impractical to obtain the clearance given in the table, these reduced clearances may be used if carefully maintained. 6 These clearance values also apply to guy insulators. 7 Where the height of a residential building does not permit its service drops(s) to meet these values, the clearances over residential driveways only may be reduced to the following: (feet) (a) Insulated supply service drops limited to 300 V to ground 12.5 (b) Insulated drip loops of supply service drops limited to 300 V to ground 10.5 (c) Supply service drops limited to 150 V to ground and meeting Rules 230C1 or 230C3 12 (d) Drip loops only of service drops limited to 150 V to ground and meeting Rules 230C1 or 10 (e) Insulated communication service drops Where the height of a residential building does not permit its service drops(s) to meet these values, the clearances may be reduced to the following: (feet) (a) Insulated supply service drops limited to 300 V to ground (b) Insulated drip loops of supply service drops limited to 300 V to ground (c) Supply service drops limited to 150 V to ground and meeting Rules 230C1 or 230C3 (d) Drip loops only of supply service drops limited to 150 V to ground and meetingrules 230C1 or 230C3 (e) Insulated communication service drops mobile units exceeding a total height of 8 ft are prohibited by regulation or permanent terrain configurations, or are otherwise not normally encountered 10 Where a supply or communication line along a road is located relative to fences, ditches, embankments, etc., so that the ground under the line would not be expected to be traveled except by pedestrians, the clearances may be reduced to the following values: (a) Insulated communication conductor and communication cables (b) Conductors of other communication circuits (feet) (c) Supply cables of any voltage meeting Rule 230C1, and neutral conductors meeting Rule 230E1 9.5 (d) Insulated supply conductors limited to 300 V to ground 12.5 (e) Insulated supply cables limited to 150V meeting rule 230C2 or 230C3 10 (f) Grounded guys, guys meeting Rule 2 79A1 and 215C5 exposed to 0 to 300V No clearance from ground is required for anchor guys not crossing tracks, rails, streets, driveways, roads, or pathways. 12 This clearance may be reduced to 13 ft for communication conductors and guys. 13 Where this construction crosses over or runs along alleys, driveways, or parking lots not subject to truck traffic this clearance may be reduced to 15 ft. 14 The portions of span guys between guy insulators and the portion(s) of anchor guys above guy insulators that are not grounded shall have clearances based on the highest voltage to which they may be exposed due to a slack conductor or guy. 15 The portion of anchor guys below the lowest insulator meeting Rules 279A1 and 215C5 may have the same clearance as grounded guys. 16 Adjacent to tunnels and overhead bridges that restrict the height of loaded rail cars to less than 20 ft, these clearances may be reduced by the difference between the highest loaded rail car handled and 20 ft, if mutually agreed to by the parties at interest. 17 For controlled impoundments, the surface area and corresponding clearances shall be based upon the design high-water level. available, the 10-year flood level may be assumed as the normal flood level. 19 The clearance over rivers, streams, and canals shall be based upon the largest surface area of any 1-mi-long segment that includes the crossing. The clearance over a canal, river, or stream normally used to provide access for sailboats to a larger body of water shall be the same as that required for the larger body of water. the difference between the reference height and the overwater obstruction height, except that the reduced clearance shall be not less than that required for the 21 Where the US Army Corps of Engineers, or the state, or surrogate thereof has issued a crossing permit, clearances of that permit shall govern. 22 See Rule 234I for the required horizontal and diagonal clearances to rail cars. 23 For the purpose of this Rule, trucks are defined as any vehicle exceeding 8 ft in height. Areas not subject to truck traffic are areas where truck traffic is not normally encountered nor reasonably anticipated. 24 Communication cables and conductors may have a clearance of 15 ft where poles are back of curbs or other deterrents to vehicular traffic. 25 The clearance values shown in this table are computed by adding the applicable Mechanical and Electrical (M &E) value of Table A-1 to the applicable Reference Component of Table A2-a of Appendix A. 26 When designing a line to accommodate oversized vehicles, these clearance values shall be increased by the difference between the known height of the oversized vehicle and 14 ft.

7 Table (in feet) Clearance of Wires, Conductors, Cables, and Unguarded Rigid Live Parts Adjacent but Not Attached to Buildings and Other Installations Except Bridges 12 (Voltages are phase to ground for effectively grounded circuits and those other circuits where all ground faults are cleared by promptly de-energizing the faulted section, both initially and following subsequent breaker operations. See the definitions section for voltages of other systems. Clearances are with no wind displacement except where stated in the footnotes below. See Rules 234A, 234C1a, 234C2, and 234H4.) Clearance of 1. Buildings a. Horizontal (1)To walls, projections, and guarded windows Insulated communication conductors and cables; messengers; surgeprotection wires; grounded guys; guys exposed to 0 to 300 V13; neutral conductors meeting Rule 230E1; supply cables meeting Rule 230C15 (ft) 4.5 1, 2, 7 Supply cables of 0 to 750 V meeting Rules 230C2 or 230C3 (ft) 1, Unguarded rigid live parts, 0 to 750 V; noninsulated communicatio n conductors; equipment cases, 0 to 750 V; and guys exposed to open supply conductors of over 300 V to 750 V5 (ft) 1, Supply cables over 750 V meeting Rules 230C2 or 230C3; open supply conductors, 0 to 750 V (ft) 15 1, 2, Unguarded rigid live parts, over 750 V to 22 kv; equipment cases, 750 V to 22 kv; guys exposed to over 750V to 22 kv5 (ft) Open supply conductors, over 750 V to 22 kv (ft) 1, 2 1, 2, (2) To unguarded windows 8 (3)To balconies and areas readily accessible to pedestrians 3 b. Vertical 14 (1) Over or under roofs or projections not readily accessible to pedestrians 3 (2) Over or under balconies porches, decks and roofs readily accessible to pedestrians 3 (3) Over roofs ramps, decks and loading docks accessible to vehicles but not subject to truck traffic 6 (4)Over roofs ramps, decks and loading docks accessible to truck traffic

8 Clearance of 2. Signs, chimneys, billboards, radio and television antennas, tanks, and other installations not classified as buildings or bridges a. Horizontal 4 Insulated communication conductors and cables; messengers; surgeprotection wires; grounded guys; guys exposed to 0 to 300 V13; neutral conductors meeting Rule 230E1; supply cables meeting Rule 230C15 (ft) Supply cables of 0 to 750 V meeting Rules 230C2 or 230C3 (ft) Unguarded rigid live parts, 0 to 750 V; noninsulated communicatio n conductors; equipment cases, 0 to 750 V; and guys exposed to open supply conductors of over 300 V to 750 V5 (ft) Supply cables over 750 V meeting Rules 230C2 or 230C3; open supply conductors, 0 to 750 V (ft) 15 Unguarded rigid live parts, over 750 V to 22 kv; equipment cases, 750 V to 22 kv; guys exposed to over 750V to 22 kv5 (ft) Open supply conductors, over 750 V to 22 kv (ft) (1)To portions that are readily accessible to , , pedestrians 3 (2)To portions that are not readily accessible to pedestrians 3 b. Vertical (1) Over or under catwalks and other surfaces upon which personnel walk , , 2, , , 2, 10 (2) Over or under other portions of such installations Where building, sign, chimney, antenna, tank, or other installation does not require maintenance such as painting,washing, changing of sign letters, or other operations that would require persons to work or pass between wires, conductors, cables or unguarded rigid live parts and structure, the clearance may be reduced by 2 ft. 2 Where available space will not permit this value, the clearance may be reduced by 2 ft provided the wires, conductors, or cables, including splices and taps, and unguarded rigid live parts have a covering that provides sufficient dielectric strength to limit the likelihood of a short circuit in case of momentary contact with a structure or building. 3 A roof, balcony, or area is considered readily accessible to pedestrians if it can be casually accessed through a doorway, ramp, window, stairway, or permanently mounted ladder by a person on foot who neither exerts extraordinary physical effort nor employs tools or devices to gain entry. A permanently mounted ladder is not considered a means of access if its bottom rung is 8 ft or more from the ground or other permanently installed accessible surface. 4 The required clearances shall be to the closest approach of motorized signs or moving portions of installations covered by Rule 234C. may be exposed to a slack conductor or guy. 5 The portion(s) of span guys between guy insulators and the portion(s) of anchor guys above guy insulators that are not grounded shall have clearances based on the highest voltage to which they may be exposed due to a slack conductor or guy. 6 For the purpose of this rule, trucks are defined as any vehicle exceeding 8 ft in height. 7 This clearance may be reduced to 3 in for the grounded portions of guys. 8 Windows not designed to open may have the clearances permitted for walls and projections. 9 The clearance at rest shall be not less than the value shown in this table.also,when the conductor or cable is displaced by wind, the clearance shall be not less than 3.5 ft; see Rule 234C1b. 10 The clearance at rest shall be not less than the value shown in this table. Also, when the conductor or cable is displaced by wind, the clearance shall be not less than 4.5 ft; see Rule 234C1b. 11 Where available space will not permit this value, the clearance may be reduced to 7.0 ft for conductors limited to 8.7 kv to ground. 12 The clearance values shown in this table are computed by adding the applicable Mechanical and Electrical (M &E) value of Table A-1 to the applicable Reference Component of Table A-2b of Appendix A. 13 The anchor end of guys insulated in accordance with Rule 279 may have the same clearance as grounded guys. 14 For clearances above railings, walls, or parapets around balconies or roofs, use the clearances required for row 1b(1). For such clearances where an outside stairway exists, use the clearances required for row 2b(2). 15 Does not include neutral conductors meeting Rule 230E1.

9 INVESTIGATING ELECTRIC INCIDENTS STUDENT EXERCISE CASE STUDY 2 Electrocution - Cable TV Worker INCIDENT DESCRIPTION A two-man cable TV crew was assigned to pull slack out of a CATV line between 2 poles. The line was a lateral running from a branch line on the north side of Maple Lane and followed a long driveway to a service pole serving a residence at 44 Maple Lane (DIAGRAM #1). The pole span from pole #27 to pole #28 involved in the incident (DIAGRAM #2) had the following facilities (from top to bottom) Single phase 19.9 kv 1/0 ACSR conductor Electric neutral 1/0 ACSR conductor CATV cable Telephone cable The crew was using a single basket uninsulated aerial lift truck. Preparing to do their work, the crew parked the truck against traffic off the road west of pole #28. In its normal travel mode, the basket of the aerial lift truck is stowed over the cab of the truck. The crew foreman while working on the rear of the truck began operating the boom from the pedestal controls. His intention was to raise the boom high enough out of its cradle to avoid traffic, rotate it 180 degrees to the rear of the truck and lower it to the ground so that he could climb into the basket. As the foreman was maneuvering the boom, his co-worker, although out of sight of the foreman at the time of the incident, was holding the passenger side door of the truck. The foreman continued maneuvering the boom and inadvertently raised the basket into the 19.9 kv primary conductor instantly electrocuting his co-worker. The substation breaker opened on a ground instantaneous fault and remained open for ten seconds. During that time period, the foreman maneuvered the basket away from the primary conductor. The substation breaker reclosed and held. Exercise Determine if the vertical clearance of the primary conductor met NESC code. If you need a measurement or other facts, ask a presenter. Additional Facts Measurements provided are hypothetical. The line was constructed in Remember the line runs over a long driveway. The incident occurred in Southeast Georgia.

10 Investigating Electric Incidents - Case Study 2 House P# 27 P# 28 P# 29 Circuit 8B kv #1/0 ACSR, #1/0 ACSR Neut. Telephone CATV CATV Truck Maple Lane Diagram #1 Point of Contact 1/0 ACSR 19.9 kv 1/0 ACSR Neutral CATV Telephone P#27 P#28 Pole Span Diagram - CATV Worker Electric Contact Diagram #2

11 INVESTIGATING ELECTRIC INCIDENTS STUDENT EXERCISE CASE STUDY 3 TOO CLOSE FOR COMFORT VIDEO Exercise A. Determine what field measurement you would take to determine if the vertical clearance of the primary conductor met NESC code. B. Determine what version of the NESC code applies and what the required vertical clearance should be. C. Which of the following items should the company consider as it investigates this incident? Be prepared to discuss why each is important. o Recent trouble call tickets in the area o Line inspections results including the date the line was last patrolled and conditions found. o Work orders or other documents from when the building was built. o Witness statement from Ricky. o Witness statement from Kevin. o Public Safety and Awareness presentations made at Kevin and Ricky's school. o Public Safety and Awareness messages (TV, radio, etc) targeted at teaching children about safety around electric power lines. o The original easement for the distribution line. Additional Facts The primary voltage is 7200 volts phase to ground. The pole line was built in The building was constructed in 1999.

CONDUCTOR CONDUCTOR. Overhead Electric Distribution Standards INTRODUCTION

CONDUCTOR CONDUCTOR. Overhead Electric Distribution Standards INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 1. In order to ensure safety, certain minimum clearances shall be maintained between various circuits of an overhead distribution system. Proper clearances from joint-use utilities, railroads,