Appendix A: Mercury Emissions Associated with Electricity Production and Consumption in Minnesota,

Transcription

1 Appendix A Air Quality in : Report to the Legislature, January, 2007 Appendix A: Associated with Production and Consumption in, - Introduction In accordance with statute , this appendix reports mercury emissions associated with electricity production and consumption in. In addition to electricity, mercury emissions are associated with a variety of other activities in which are summarized below. The MPCA has historically considered mercury separately from other air pollutants because it is the subject of a special MPCA initiative with legislatively mandated reports in 2001 and. For more information on mercury emissions, please see the Reduction Progress Report to the Legislature at Background contamination of fish is a well-documented problem in. The Department of Health advises people to restrict their consumption of sport fish due to mercury on virtually every lake tested. Nearly all more than 95 cent of the mercury in lakes and rivers comes from the atmosphere. About 30 cent of mercury in the atmosphere is the result of the natural cycling of mercury. But 70 cent of the mercury is a result of human activities that have increased the release of mercury from the geological materials in which it had been locked up. These activities include the mining of mercury ores, the use of this mercury in products and manufacturing, and the incidental release of trace concentrations of mercury naturally present in coal, crude oil, and metal ores, such as taconite. Because mercury vapor can be transported long distances by the atmosphere, most of s emissions are deposited in other states and countries, and receives some of their emissions. Only about 10 cent of mercury deposition in is the result of emissions within the state. Natural 30% Regional 40% Global 30% (about 10% of all deposition) Production (mostly coal) 58% Product Disposal 22% Taconite Processing 20% Sources of Atmospheric Deposition to,

2 Appendix A Air Quality in : Report to the Legislature, January, 2007 Sources and emitted to the atmosphere due to human activities is divided by the MPCA into three categories: (1) emissions incidental to energy production, (2) emissions due to purposeful use, and (3) emissions due to material processing. The MPCA estimates that in emissions from sources totaled 3,341 pounds. Since 1990, the MPCA estimates that mercury emissions in the state have declined by about 70 cent. Most of this decline is due to reductions in releases of mercury in products. In 1990, emissions from products accounted for nearly 79 cent of emissions in the state. By product-related emissions had been reduced to only 22 cent, largely due to the removal of mercury from latex paint, batteries and pesticides. from the two other large sectors, taconite processing and coal fired electricity generation have changed little since 1990 and currently account for 20 and 58 cent of annual mercury emissions respectively. For more information on past and current mercury releases, see the MPCA s 2006 report to the legislature at To address the state s largest emissions sources, the Reduction Act of 2006 requires 3 large electric power plants in the state to reduce emissions by 90 cent by This will result in a decrease of about 1200 pounds from current levels. This reduction, added to cuts pledged at other coal-fired plants in the state, means that emissions in the state will continue to decline overall despite anticipated increases from new mining and power generation and increases from eclectic generation at remaining coal plants. Planning for these reductions is currently underway and decreases will begin as early as By 2015, the MPCA predicts that emissions will have declined about 80 cent from 1990 levels. 12,000 Estimated Annual in ,000 Pounds 8,000 6,000 Product Use & Disposal Other (mostly taconite production) (mostly coal and oil) 4,000 Emission Goal 789 lb 2, YEAR

3 Appendix A Air Quality in : Report to the Legislature, January, 2007 from Generation statutes section requires producers and retailers of electricity to report the amount of mercury emitted through the generation of electricity. This law also requires the MPCA to summarize this information in its biennial air toxics report to the legislature. from and are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. law exempts certain electric generation facilities from reporting mercury emissions: 1) those that oate less than 240 hours year, 2) combustion units less than 150 British thermal units (Btu) hour, 3) generation units with a maximum output of less than or equal to 15 megawatts, and 4) combustion facilities emitting less than three pounds of mercury in a given year. Therefore, generation facilities that do not emit any mercury, such as nuclear, wind, and hydro, are not reported here. Although not required to annually report to the MPCA, this report does include some combustion facilities that emit less than three pounds because of excellent pollution control or because of the use of low-mercury fuel such as natural gas. In addition, because of variation in oating conditions, some facilities may emit more than three pounds one year and less than three pounds in the other. When emissions are less than three pounds, the actual emissions are either given or listed as exempt, depending on the wishes of the facility s management. Submissions from about 60 generation units in are summarized in Table 1. The major fuel for most units was coal, although some facilities depend on municipal solid waste for fuel. Some units are fueled by oil or natural gas. The law also requires retailers and wholesalers of electricity produced outside the state to report mercury emissions associated with production; the information is summarized in Table 2. Included in Table 2 are about 50 distribution cooatives, which distribute electricity to consumers but do not generate any electricity. All retailers of electricity are required to report mercury emissions associated with the generation of the electricity they distribute. In the case of s distribution cooatives, most of their electricity was generated in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. The information is provided to the distribution cooatives by their suppliers,, Power, Power, and East River Electric Power Cooative. The calculated mercury emissions megawatt-hour from each supplier (milligrams megawatt-hour, mg/mwh) may vary because of varying amounts of electricity purchased from the grid and from the variable use of hydroelectric power by each distribution cooative. For, facilities in reported the emission of 1,793 pounds of mercury in the production of 37,495,502 megawatt hours of electricity, an average release rate of 22 milligrams megawatt hour. For, reported emissions decreased to 1,750 pounds in the production of 37,800,644 MWh, an average emission rate of 21 milligrams MWh. Reports of electricity consumed in, but produced outside of, in totaled 15,842,978 MWh associated with mercury-emitting facilities. These facilities emitted 1,179 pounds of mercury, for an average emission rate of 34 milligrams MWh. Reports for were similar, totaling 16,524,481 MWh and 1,293 pounds of mercury emitted. The average emission rate for was 36 milligrams MWh. The use of lignite coal as a fuel at power-

4 Appendix A Air Quality in : Report to the Legislature, January, 2007 generating facilities outside the state appears to be largely responsible for the higher ratio of mercury emissions to MWh for out-of-state producers (34 to 36 mg/mwh) compared to producers (21 to 22 mg/mwh). Lignite coal contains more mercury Btu than other types of coal. Summing Tables 1 and 2 yields estimates of mercury emissions associated with electricity production and consumption in. In, 2,959 pounds of mercury were reported as emitted in the production of 52,979,348 megawatt hours. In, 3,024 pounds of mercury were reported as emitted in the production of 53,875,241 megawatt hours. A significant proportion of mercury emissions associated with s electrical production and consumption occurred outside state borders; about 40% in and 43% in.

5 Appendix A Air Quality in : Report to the Legislature, January, 2007 Table 1. and emissions of mercury from electrical production facilities in. Company Generating Facility Major Fuel Austin NE Power Plant Unit 1 coal, gas 158, , Covanta Hennepin Resource Co Unit 1 MSW a 130, , Covanta Hennepin Resource Co Unit 2 MSW a 129, , Cambridge Station c,d oil Elk River Station c oil, gas, MSW a 212, , Lakefield Station c oil, gas 146, , Maple Lake Station c,d oil Pleasant Valley Station c oil, gas 58, , Rock Lake Station c,d oil St. Bonifacius Station c oil 2, , Hibbing Public Utilities Unit 1A h coal,oil see unit 3A 2.10 exempt g see unit 3A 2.21 exempt g Hibbing Public Utilities Unit 2A h coal,oil see unit 3A 0.89 exempt g see unit 3A 1.67 exempt g Hibbing Public Utilities Unit 3A h coal,oil 57, , International Pa Sartell BBC Turbine/Boiler coal, oil, wood, 90, , sludge Company, Sherburn, MN Fox lake Power Station #3 f oil, gas 48, , exempt g Power(Taconite Harbor Center) Taconite Harbor coal, oil 463, , Center Unit 1 Power(Taconite Harbor Center) Taconite Harbor coal, oil 532, , Center Unit 2 Power(Taconite Harbor Center) Taconite Harbor coal, oil 570, , Center Unit 3 Power Boswell Unit 1 coal 522, , Power Boswell Unit 2 coal, oil 523, , Power Boswell unit 3 coal, oil 2,818, ,486, Power Boswell Unit 4 e coal, oil 3,029, ,365, Power Hibbard 3-4 coal, gas 82, , Power Laskin Unit 1 & 2 coal, oil 690, , Power (Rapids Center) Rapids Center 5-6 coal, wood NA 1.80 exempt g NA 1.80 exempt g Northshore Mining Company Silver Bay Power Plant PB 1 c coal, oil, gas 309, , Northshore Mining Company Silver Bay Power Plant PB 2 c coal, gas 478, ,

6 Appendix A Air Quality in : Report to the Legislature, January, 2007 Company Generating Facility Major Fuel NSP dba Xcel AS King 1 coal, gas, 3,085, ,796, petroleum coke NSP dba Xcel Black Dog 3 coal, gas 518, , NSP dba Xcel Black Dog 4 coal, gas 1,034, ,165, NSP dba Xcel Black Dog 5 c,d gas 368, , NSP dba Xcel Blue Lake 1-4 c oil 5, , NSP dba Xcel Blue Lake 7-8 c gas NA NA NA 120, NSP dba Xcel Granite City 1-4 c oil, gas 14, NSP dba Xcel High Bridge 5 coal, gas 588, , NSP dba Xcel High Bridge 6 coal, gas 926, , NSP dba Xcel Inver Hills 1-6 c oil, gas 55, , NSP dba Xcel Key City 1-4 c,d gas 1, , NSP dba Xcel Valley 4 c,d coal, oil, gas NSP dba Xcel Red Wing 1 Waste-to- gas, RDF b 54, , NSP dba Xcel Red Wing 2 Waste-to- gas, RDF b 584, , NSP dba Xcel Riverside 6/7 coal, oil, gas 758, , NSP dba Xcel Riverside 8 coal, oil, coke 1,385, ,390, NSP dba Xcel Sherburne 1 coal, oil 4,437, ,972, NSP dba Xcel Sherburne 2 coal, oil 4,510, ,703, NSP dba Xcel Sherburne 3 ( Xcel owned coal, oil 3,609, ,778, portion) NSP dba Xcel Wilmarth 1 Waste-to- RDFb, gas 52, , NSP dba Xcel Wilmarth 2 Waste-to- c RDFb, gas 53, , NSP dba Xcel West Faribault 2-3 c,d gas Otter Tail Power Hoot Lake #2 & 3 i coal, oil 742, , Rochester Public Utilities Silver Lake 3 coal, gas 78, exempt g 71, exempt g Rochester Public Utilities Silver Lake 4 coal, gas 271, exempt g 190, exempt g Rochester Public Utilities Cascade Creek Station 1 oil, gas exempt g exempt g Rochester Public Utilities Cascade Creek Station 2-3 oil, gas exempt g exempt g Sappi-Cloquet Power Boiler 7 h oil, gas, wood 127, exempt g 128, exempt g Sappi-Cloquet Power Boiler 8 h gas 173, exempt g 177, exempt g Sappi-Cloquet Power Boiler 9 h oil, gas, wood 124, exempt g 101,

7 Appendix A Air Quality in : Report to the Legislature, January, 2007 Company Generating Facility Major Fuel Southern Municipal Power Agency Faribault Park oil, gas NA NA 250, exempt g Southern Municipal Power Agency Sherburne 3 (SMMPA owned portion) coal, oil 2,819, ,019, oil, gas exempt g Southern Municipal Power Agency River Station 12, exempt g Combustion Turbine d Willmar Municipal Utilities Boiler 3 coal, natural gas , Summary of Reports 37,495,502 1,793 median = 18 37,800,644 1,750 median = 16 Median Notes a MSW is Municipal Solid Waste. b RDF is Refuse-Derived Fuel, which is sorted and processed municipal solid waste. c Facility has agreed to include for reporting mercury emissions of less than 3 pounds. d emissions round to less than 0.00 pounds mercury for one or both years. e 27 pounds of mercury in and 37 pounds mercury in associated with electricity sold out of state. f 5.20% for and 5.14% for of total energy production for all facilities is sold to customers. g Exempt from reporting. (Facilities emitting under 3 pounds of mercury or less than 240 hours of oation year.) h Due to common steam headers, calculation of mercury electrical generation is not possible, electrical generation is from each individual turbine not from each boiler i pounds of mercury in and pounds mercury in associated with electricity sold out of state. Median

8 Appendix A Air Quality in : Report to the Legislature, January, 2007 Table 2. and emissions of mercury from electrical production facilities outside of for which the electricity was likely consumed in. Company Company, Dubuque, IA (Alliant ) Company, Dubuque, IA (Alliant ) Company, Dubuque, IA (Alliant ) Company, Lansing, IA (Alliant ) Company, Lansing, IA (Alliant ) Company, Clinton, IA (Alliant ) Company, Louisa County, IA (Alliant ) Company, Sioux City, IA (Alliant ) Company, Sioux City, IA (Alliant ) Company, Burlington, IA (Alliant ) Company, Ottumwa, IA (Alliant ) (Alliant ) Electrical Supplier* Generating Facility Dubuque 1, Dubuque IA Dubuque 5, Dubuque IA Dubuque 6, Dubuque IA Major Fuel coal, nat gas 8, coal, nat gas 7, , coal, nat gas , Lansing 3, Lansing IA coal, oil 7, , Lansing 4, Lansing IA coal, oil 66, , ML Kapp 2, Clinton IA coal, gas 62, , Louisa 1/Louisa Co. IA coal, gas 21, , Neal 3, Sioux City IA coal, gas 45, , Neal 4, Sioux City IA coal, oil 65, , Burlington Station #1 coal, nat gas 61, , Ottumwa Station #1 coal, oil 105, , Prairie Creek Station #1a-2 coal, gas 69, ,

9 Appendix A Air Quality in : Report to the Legislature, January, 2007 Company (Alliant ) (Alliant ) Company, Marshalltown, IA (Alliant ) Company, Marshalltown, IA (Alliant ) Company, Marshalltown, IA (Alliant ) (Alliant ) (Alliant ) (Alliant ) (Alliant ) (Alliant ) Electrical Supplier* Generating Facility Prairie Creek Station #3 Prairie Creek Station #4 Major Fuel coal, oil, gas 4, , coal, gas 40, , Sutherland Station #1 coal, gas 9, , Sutherland Station #2 coal, gas 9, , Sutherland Station #3 coal, gas 26, , Sixth Street Station #2 coal, oil, gas NA NA NA Sixth Street Station #3-4 Sixth Street Station #5-6 Sixth Street Station #7-8 Sixth Street Station #9-10 coal, gas 1, coal, gas NA NA NA 2, coal, gas 7, , coal, gas NA NA NA 2, Power Milton R. Young #2, lignite coal 2,005, ,268, Marshall Municipal Utilities Marshall Municipal Utilities Heartland Power Missouri River sub coal 417, , sub coal 37, ,

10 Appendix A Air Quality in : Report to the Legislature, January, 2007 Company Northern Municipal Power Agency, Thief River Falls Northern Municipal Power Agency, Thief River Falls Northern Municipal Power Agency, Thief River Falls People's Coop. Services People's Coop. Services People's Coop. Services People's Coop. Services People's Coop. Services Tri-County Electric Coop. Tri-County Electric Coop. Tri-County Electric Coop. Tri-County Electric Coop. Tri-County Electric Coop. Freeborn-Mower Coop. Services Freeborn-Mower Coop. Services Freeborn-Mower Coop. Services Freeborn-Mower Coop. Services Freeborn-Mower Coop. Services Electrical Supplier*, /G3 Generating Facility Major Fuel Milton R. Young #1, lignite coal 152, , Milton R. Young #2, lignite coal 66, , Coyote Station, lignite coal 73, , Beulah, ND Alma 1-5 Bit/Sub Coal 38, , JP Madgett Sub bituminous coal 84, , Genoa Bit/Sub Coal 77, , /G3 Bit/Sub Coal Seven Mile Creek Landfill gas NA NA NA Alma 1-5 Sub Coal 52, , JP Madgett Bit/Sub coal 114, , Genoa Bit/Sub Coal 105, , /G3 Bit/Sub Coal Seven Mile Creek Landfill gas NA NA NA Alma 1-5 Bit/Sub Coal 29, , JP Madgett Sub bituminous coal 63, , Genoa 3 Bit/Sub Coal 58, , /G3 Bit/Sub Coal Seven Mile Creek Landfill gas NA NA NA

11 Appendix A Air Quality in : Report to the Legislature, January, 2007 Company Agralite Electric Coop. Arrowhead Electric Coop. Benco Electric Coop. Brown County Rural Electrical Connexus Coop. Light and Power Crow Wing Power Dakota Electric East Central Federated Rural Electric Goodhue County Coop. Electric Itasca-Mantrap Co-op. Electrical Kandiyohi Lake Country Power Lake Region Electric Coop. McLeod Coop. Power Meeker Coop. Light & Power Mille Lacs Electric Coop. Valley Electric Coop. Nobles Electric Coop. Electrical Supplier* Generating Facility Major Fuel lignite coal 174, , lignite coal 65, , lignite coal 25, , lignite coal 117, , lignite coal 2,046, ,212, lignite coal 88, , lignite coal 492, , lignite coal 1,692, ,815, lignite coal 843, , lignite coal 180, , lignite coal 84, , lignite coal 170, , lignite coal 141, , lignite coal 661, , lignite coal 351, , lignite coal 156, , lignite coal 150, , lignite coal 185, , lignite coal 528, , lignite coal 147, ,

12 Appendix A Air Quality in : Report to the Legislature, January, 2007 Company North Itasca Electric Coop., Inc. Redwood Electric Coop. Runestone Electric South Central Electric Stearns Electric Steele-Waseca Coop. Electric Todd-Wadena Electric Coop. Wright-Hennepin Coop. Electric Clearwater-Polk Electric Coop. Clearwater-Polk Electric Coop. Clearwater-Polk Electric Coop. North Star Electric Coop. North Star Electric Coop. North Star Electric Coop. PKM Electric Coop. PKM Electric Coop. PKM Electric Coop. Red Lake Electric Coop. Red Lake Electric Coop. Red Lake Electric Coop. Electrical Supplier* Generating Facility Milton R. Young #1, Milton R. Young #2, Coyote Station, Beulah, ND Milton R. Young #1, Milton R. Young #2, Coyote Station, Beulah, ND Milton R. Young #1, Milton R. Young #2, Coyote Station, Beulah, ND Milton R. Young #1, Milton R. Young #2, Coyote Station, Beulah, ND Major Fuel lignite coal 49, , lignite coal 137, , lignite coal 201, , lignite coal 137, , lignite coal 370, , lignite coal 201, , lignite coal 153, , lignite coal 703, , lignite coal 27, , lignite coal 13, , lignite coal 14, , lignite coal 49, , lignite coal 21, , lignite coal 24, , lignite coal 36, , lignite coal 18, , lignite coal 19, , lignite coal 49, , lignite coal 21, , lignite coal 23, ,

13 Appendix A Air Quality in : Report to the Legislature, January, 2007 Company Red River Valley Coop. Power Red River Valley Coop. Power Red River Valley Coop. Power Roseau Electric Coop. Roseau Electric Coop. Roseau Electric Coop. Wild Rice Electric Coop. Wild Rice Electric Coop. Wild Rice Electric Coop. Beltrami Electric Coop. Beltrami Electric Coop. Beltrami Electric Coop. Sioux Valley-Southwestern Electric Coop. a Lyon-Lincoln Electric Coop. Valley Coop.. Light & Power Traverse Electric Coop. Wright-Hennepin Coop. Electric Renville Sibley Coop. Electrical Supplier* Generating Facility Milton R. Young #1, Milton R. Young #2, Coyote Station, Beulah, ND Milton R. Young #1, Milton R. Young #2, Coyote Station, Beulah, ND Milton R. Young #1, Milton R. Young #2, Coyote Station, Beulah, ND Milton R. Young #1, Milton R. Young #2, Coyote Station, Beulah, ND L & O Electric (Puchases from Basin Elec.) East River Electric Basin Electric Basin Electric Basin Electric East River Electric Major Fuel lignite coal 50, , lignite coal 21, , lignite coal 24, , lignite coal 68, , lignite coal 29, , lignite coal 33, , lignite coal 95, , lignite coal 41, , lignite coal 46, , lignite coal 186, , lignite coal 80, , lignite coal 90, , coal 63, , lignite coal 56, , lignite coal 104, , lignite coal 27, , lignite coal 8, , lignite coal 101, ,

14 Appendix A Air Quality in : Report to the Legislature, January, 2007 Company Electrical Supplier* Generating Facility Major Fuel Valley Electric Coop. Utilities Plus lignite, sub coal Stearns Electric Association Utilities Plus sub coal, lignite Wright-Hennepin Coop. Electric Utilities Plus lignite, sub coal 47, , , , , , Willmar Municipal Utilities Coal Creek, ND sub coal 197, Summary of Reports: 15,842,978 1,179 median = 26 16,524,481 1,293 median = 28 Median Median Notes NA Data was either not available or not submitted to MPCA a Used Basin Electric lb Hg/MWh emission factor to calculate estimated emissions * Electrical Supplier if not generated by the Reporting Company