SINTERED TYPE NICKEL CADMIUM RECHARGEABLE BATTERY SICHUAN CHANGHONG BATTERY CO., LTD.

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1 SINTERED TYPE NICKEL CADMIUM RECHARGEABLE BATTERY SICHUAN CHANGHONG BATTERY CO., LTD.

2 PRODUCTS CATALOGUE Compliant Standards IEC3/2001 ISO01 Korean KS Ukraine GOST Benefits of Changhong Sintered Type EN61373 : 2010 Ni-Cd Battery KPX Series Exceptionally Long cycle life High mechanical strength (expected life could reach 20 year Lower weight and reduced volume under floating charge state) Excellent resistance performance Wide operating temperature range from - to Excellent charging efficiency and smooth discharge voltage Good discharging performance under low temperature Excellent ultra high discharge rate performance High reliability without sudden death Main Applications Emergency starting power for diesel engine to electrical abuse (overcharge and Subways over-discharge) Diesel locomotives No emission of corrosive gases, Safe from flame & explosion Lower maintenance cost and replacement cost during 10-year UPS systems Light Rail Vehicles AGV (Automated Guided Vehicles) Electric Boats service life Hospital carts Advanced sintered technology and production lines imported from Tractors for Airports VARTA,Germany Minor self-discharging 1 2

3 Construction Features Working Principle Structure Nickel-cadmium battery is an equipment which can convert Terminal pillar Terminal nut Cell Lid Positive polarity marks Sintered plate group Separators Figure1 Structure Schematic Diagram of Sintered Type KPX Series Ni-Cd Battery Vent plug Negative polarity marks Cell container The plate groups of Changhong KPX series Ni-Cd battery mainly consist of nickel positive plates, cadmium negative plates, separators and terminal pillar,which firmly rigged in engineering plastic container,then the cell container and cell lid are pasted (or heat-welded) together,which are sealed by rubber O rings type washer at the terminal pillar. The battery terminal are respectively marked by red and blue (or black) plastic polarity marks as positive and negative polarity with symbol as permanent mark on the positive terminal. The plastic vent plugs are assembled on the cell lid. (see Figure 1). The flip top vent plug is fitted on the battery during the operating,which can not only prevent particles getting into the cell, but also exhaust the gas generated inside while charging,so as to ensure the battery working safely and reliably. electric energy into chemical energy by charging, and convert chemical energy into electric energy by discharging. While charging and discharging, redox reaction takes place on the positive and the negative electrodes, the electro-chemistry reaction formula follows: Positive electrode reaction: charge 2Ni/(OH) 2 2OH discharge Negative electrode reaction: charge Cd(OH) 2 2e Cd 2OH discharge 2NiOOH 2H O 2e 2 General reaction: charge Cd(OH) 2 2Ni(OH) 2 Cd 2NiOOH 2H 2 O discharge Based on the above reactions, we can see, when the battery is being charged or discharged, in theory, there is no electrolyte consumption, but the positive and negative plates have high porosity with the properties of sucking and draining electrolyte. The electrolyte level rise during charging, because of draining electrolyte. While being discharged, electrolyte level downs The formula is: 2H2O O 2 + 2H2 Consequently, there will be a certain amount of water consumption during operation, it is recommended to periodically check and adjust the electrolyte level according to the manufacturer s instruction. because of sucking electrolyte. In addition,the separator has high sucking capability, therefore, the electrolyte level changes a lot during the process of charging and discharging. At the end of charging (or over-discharging ), some water is electrolyzed to produce oxygen and hydrogen. 3 4

4 Figure 4. Cycle Life Comparison Curves Between Changhong KPX Series Cell and VRLA Cell Under Different Temperature Performance Curves Figure 2. Discharge Curve of KPX Series at 20 Voltage(V) Service life percentage(%)at 20 II I Ambient temperature( ) I = Changhong Sintered Type KPX Series Ni-Cd Cell II = VRLA Cell Capacity Percentage(%) Figure 5. Discharge Curve of KPX Series at Voltage(V) Figure 3. Capacity Comparison Curves Between Changhong KPX Series Cell and VRLA Cell Under Different Temperature Capacity Percentage(%) II I Capacity Percentage(%) Ambient temperature( ) I = Changhong Sintered Type KPX Series Ni-Cd Cell at 0.2I A t II = VRLA Cell at 0.1I A t 5 6

5 PRODUCTS CATALOGUE Common Trouble and Trouble Shootings Troubles Possible Cause Trouble Shootings Troubles Possible Cause Trouble Shootings There is no voltage of the battery packs There is no voltage of the single cell The linking parts are loosened The battery is fully discharged Short- circuit,open circuit or no electrolyte inside the cell The cell is fully discharged Tighten or replace the linking part Recharge the battery pack in strict accordance with manufacturer s instructions and check the insulating Check the reasons after cleaning the cell, replace with the qualified electrolyte or cell. Recharge the cell in strict accordance with manufacturer s instructions The charge voltage is lower than 1.56V/cell before the end of charge Normal capacity loss after a long time service (capacity lower than % of nominal capacity) The calibration of instruments is inaccuracy The separator is damaged,because the cell is overcharged exclusively or work under high temperature Replace the defective cell with the qualified new one Check and adjust the ampere meter and voltmeter Replace the defensive cell with qualified new one The electrolyte level is too high The vent plug is loosened or damaged Clean the cell surface and carry out the charge - discharge cycle,then adjust the electrolyte level between the Max. and Min. Level allowed Tighten or replace the vent plug Cell container swells The vent plug is blocked up Plates bulge because of improper use Clean the vents to make it smooth or replace it with new vent plug As principle, ignore it when there is no influences on operation,otherwise,replace it with qualified new cell Electrolyte leakage Excessive water consumption The initial charging voltage is abnormally high Capacity loss The cell are overcharged under high temperature The charging voltage is too high or the charging current is too large Terminal pole and vent plug is not well sealed There is electrolyte leakage because of the broken container or defective vent plug Excessive overcharged or charged under high temperature Electrolyte is too little The electrolyte level is too low to cover the cell plate The cell is charged or discharged improperly Short circuit or slight short circuit occurs in the interior of the cell Carbonate content in the electrolyte is too high The cell is charged under too high or too low temperature Memory effect Dissemble and clean the cell,and ensure the installation room is well ventilated Stop charging immediately,when the temperature of cell is very high Check the circuit and adjust the charging voltage accordingly Tighten the nut or replace the defective sealing spare parts Check and replace the defective cell or vent plug Check the charging voltage and the charge system Refill the distilled water,then adjust the electrolyte level before the end of charge Refill the distilled water,then adjust the electrolyte level accordingly Charge or discharge the cell in strict accordance with manufacturer s i nstructions Replace the defective cell Replace it with the qualified electrolyte Keep the charging temperature within the range of15 30 Do the charge-discharge cycle to recover the cell capacity in accordance with manufacturer s instructions Connectors heat abnormally,or nut strike fire The open voltage of battery pack is lower than n 7V (n means the numbers of cells series connected) There is corrosion on the metallic linking parts The tight nuts are loosened The cell capacity is lower than the nominal capacity There is short-circuit between the cells The electrolyte is too little The joint parts is disconnected Improper series connection Several cells is damaged Acidic atmosphere lack of lubricating oil The nickel plated coating of the metallic linking parts is damaged There is green or black substance on the metallic linking parts check if the wave washer (or spring washer ) are intact or not,change the defensive washer with the qualified ones,then tighten the nuts properly in accordance with manufacturer s instructions Carry out charge-discharge cycle and check the cell capacity Dissemble and clean the cell,then recharge it in accordance with manufacturer s instructions Refill the distilled water and recharge the cell,adjust the electrolyte level at the end of charge Tighten the nut Check the wiring to shoot the troubles on series connection,then charge and discharge the cells in accordance with manufacturer s instructions Replace the defective cells with qualified new ones Keep the cells away from the acidic source clean and lubricate the metallic linking parts of the cell properly Replace the damaged metallic linking parts Soak the metallic linking parts with 3%~5% boracic acid liquor,then clear it 7 8

6 PRODUCTS CATALOGUE Dimensions Table of KPX Series W L Cell Model Capacity C Ah 5 Voltage V Max. Weight kg Max. External Dimension mm L W H Terminal Thread Volume of Electrolyte L Container Material KPX KPX-(2) H KPX-(2) KPX KPX-(3) KPX Cell Model Capacity C Ah 5 Voltage V Max. Weight kg Max. External Dimension mm L W H Terminal Thread Volume of Electrolyte L Container Material KPX1-(2) KPX1-(2) KPX KPX KPX KPX KPX1-(2) KPX KPX200-(2) KPX30-(3) KPX KPX KPX KPX KPX KPX-(4) KPX KPX-(2) KPX KPX KPX KPX KPX-(3) KPX KPX-(2) KPX = Polyamides = High impact polypropylene Co-polymer = Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene with high impact properties Remark: 1. The above specifications may be modified without prior notice. KPX-(4) KPX-(2) KPX M12 M The above dimensions are only a part of Changhong standard products range,we could design and develop any other battery model and battery crate,according to specific end-user s requirements. 9 10

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