English Intro7 2 ECTs (10 lessons) Lesson 4. Ewen Ritchie

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1 English Intro7 2 ECTs (10 lessons) Lesson 4 Ewen Ritchie

2 Agenda for 4th lesson Pronunciation exercises Conducting a meeting Writing a Report Vocabulary

3 Pronunciation Tongue twister Mixed metaphors muddle middling minds

4 Pronunciation Tongue twister George Gabs grabs crabs, Crabs George Gabs grabs. If George Gabs grabs crabs, Where are the crabs George Gabs grabs?

5 Pronunciation Tongue twister Cross-eyed Clara s Crazy over crosswords, She s got competitions on the brain When she s working Everybody s weary She s wrapped up in her dictionary Ma s cross, Pa s cross King s Cross Charing Cross Everybody s got cross ways And it s quite imposs. To avoid getting cross With cross-eyed Clara and her crossword craze

6 Pronunciation Tongue twister Some say sweetscented shaving soap soothes sore skins.

7 Pronunciation - Verse & poems

10 Limerick The order of nature, quoth he is wondrously brought home to me When I think of my clock With each tick and each tock 2π 1 g Goes (two pi times the root of one over g)

11 Limerick The man who invented the sprocket, Went on to develop the socket. Then one afternoon He went to the moon, That s right, he d invented the rocket.

12 Pronunciation - Singing together

13 Pronunciation - Singing together

14 Reading aloud for the rest of the class Abstract - The performance and reliability of AC Adjustable Speed Drives (ASDs) is continually improving. One of the key reasons for improvement has been the advent, development and use of Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) drives utilizing faster switching devices, primarily Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs). As with many other developments, improvements in some areas may cause problems in others. An increased bearing failure rate in motors is one of the negative effects of these types of drives. To mitigate bearing current damage in motors, as well as in loads and other auxiliary equipment attached to the motor shaft, it is important to understand how these currents are generated. In addition to theoretical explanations, actual field cases and solutions will be reviewed.

15 Reading aloud for the rest of the class Shaft voltages exceeding 300mV require one bearing of the motor to be insulated to prevent circulating current damage to the bearings (see Fig. 1). Typically this phenomenon only occurs on 500 frames and larger machines. Normally the Opposite Drive End (ODE) bearing is chosen. If the Drive End (DE) is insulated, the driven load can provide an electrical path that completes the loop to allow current to flow. PWM drives can cause increased circulating currents to flow due to a high-frequency flux produced by common-mode currents which link the stator, rotor and bearing loop. This is an inductive rather than capacitive effect.motors become more asymmetrical at high frequencies because the highfrequency capacitive coupled currents depend heavily on the location of the first few turns within the slot. Since placement of the turns in random-wound motors is not well controlled by any manufacturer, even a motor which is symmetrical at low frequencies becomes asymmetrical at high frequencies.

16 Inductive circulating currents

17 Capacitive coupled current flow

18 Resume of lesson 3

19 Ethics Plagiarism copying Referencing Claims in reports/ papers

20 Conducting a meeting Chairperson Secretary participant Agree the agenda Discuss all points on the agenda Try and conclude some of the points Agree on work plan for the next meeting Summarise the meeting

21 Writing a report

22 Components of a Report Cover Front Page Preface Contents List of Abbreviations & Acronyms List of symbols Chapters Conclusion Appendices

23 Cover Make it Interesting!! Title Authors names and affiliation Place Date Picture/ graph or something

24 Front Page Make it Informative!! Title Authors names and affiliation Supervisor s name Place Date Abstract

25 Preface Some background About the project About the authors Target group Reading instructions Acknowledgements Name and signature of the authors

26 List of Contents List of chapter and section headings with page numbers No more than 3 levels List of appendices with appendix number, title and page number Clearly set out and edited to be correct

27 List of Abbreviations & Acronyms The reader may not have the same definition of an abbreviation or acronym as you have

28 List of symbols Optional Must be complete and correct if present This list is a minefield in a report as you may have different meanings for the same symbol The alternative is to use local lists in the text defining the symbols the first time they appear in e.g. each chapter Selection of which method to use is a matter of taste and skill

29 Chapters Introduction Description of the system to be studied Models used Simulation of the system response Description of experiments Results of experiments Compare experimental results with simulated results to verify that the simulation may be trusted Use the simulation to predict the response of a proposed real life system Conclusion

30 Introduction Present the topic Why might it be interesting to study? Review previous work by the research community Provides your reference for future work Refer heavily to the references Discuss which future work might be useful and interesting Write the problem formulation Write your objective Review the resources you need to achieve your objective Review the work plan Conveniently expressed as a description of the remainder of the report Summarise the chapter

31 Objective The Objective should answer four questions: What will you change? Why will you change it? Who will benefit? How will you change it?

32 Main work chapters Introduce each chapter Objective of the chapter How will this chapter be used in the project Which other (previous) chapters will provide information for this chapter? Write the work of the chapter Referring to the references and appendices as necessary Conclude the chapter with a summary and/or conclusion Have you achieved your objective for this chapter? How will the results of this chapter be useful in the remainder of the report No textbook material in the chapters! All material should be relevant to the project All your own work please! No cut and paste of other peoples work

33 Conclusion Conclude the report List the results Did you achieve the objective of Chapter 1? How will the results be useful? What work remains do be done?

34 Appendices Each appendix should have a meaningful title Each appendix should be capable of being read independently of the report Own objective, conclusions, references, etc. E.g. may use the appendices to develop system equations for use in the report If you do not refer to an appendix in the body of the report, the appendix is unnecessary omit it!

35 Vocabulary A fuel cell is a device that uses hydrogen (or hydrogen-rich fuel) and oxygen to create electricity by an electrochemical process. A single fuel cell consists of an electrolyte sandwiched between two thin electrodes (a porous anode and cathode). While there are different fuel cell types, all work on the same principle: Hydrogen, or a hydrogen-rich fuel, is fed to the anode where a catalyst separates hydrogen's negatively charged electrons from positively charged ions (protons). At the cathode, oxygen combines with electrons and, in some cases, with species such as protons or water, resulting in water or hydroxide ions, respectively. For polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and phosphoric acid fuel cells, protons move through the electrolyte to the cathode to combine with oxygen and electrons, producing water and heat. For alkaline, molten carbonate, and solid oxide fuel cells, negative ions travel through the electrolyte to the anode where they combine with hydrogen to generate water and electrons. The electrons from the anode side of the cell cannot pass through the membrane to the positively charged cathode; they must travel around it via an electrical circuit to reach the other side of the cell. This movement of electrons is an electrical current.

36 Parts of a Fuel Cell

37 Diagram of a Fuel Cell Driven Car

Specifications and schedule of a fuel cell test railway vehicle. T. Yoneyama, K. Ogawa, T. Furuya, K. Kondo, T. Yamamoto

Specifications and schedule of a fuel cell test railway vehicle T. Yoneyama, K. Ogawa, T. Furuya, K. Kondo, T. Yamamoto Railway Technical Research Institute, Tokyo Japan. 1. Abstract This paper describes