HIGH PENETRATION RENEWABLE HYBRID POWER SYSTEMS TO MEET OFF-GRID COMMUNITY AND INDUSTRIAL ENERGY NEEDS

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1 HIGH PENETRATION RENEWABLE HYBRID POWER SYSTEMS TO MEET OFF-GRID COMMUNITY AND INDUSTRIAL ENERGY NEEDS Steve Drouilhet, Managing Director Sustainable Power Systems Boulder, CO

2 Sustainable Power Systems LLC Wind and Solar Hybrid Power System Integration and Controls Services Facility Load Profiling Modeling of Energy Flows and Economic Performance System Integration Engineering Facilities 2400 sq. ft. office and shop space in Boulder, CO Hybrid power systems test lab Products Supervisory Controllers Secondary Load Controllers Synchronous Condensers Power Converters Applications Village Power Resort Communities Remote Industrial Power 2

3 Our Solution: Pre-Engineered Hybrid Power Systems

4 Hybrid Power Test Lab 4

5 Hybrid Test Lab Components Wind Turbine Simulator Diesel Generator Set Secondary Load Controller and Dump Load Synchronous Condenser Battery/Inverter System Hybrid System Supervisory Controller 3-Phase Grid Intertie 5

6 Kokhanok, Alaska Located on Lake Illiamna ~160 people, 70 kw average load Very high fuel costs (>$6/gal) fuel must sometimes be flown in! Difficult access no longer accessible by barge from Bristol Bay.

7 Kokhanok, AK

8 Project Goals Achieve > 50% diesel fuel savings Develop control systems robust enough to handle the large transients associated with 90's era wind turbines Demonstrate how energy storage can allow high penetration levels and maximum fuel savings.

9 Power System Architecture 480V 3 PH. GENERATOR #1 GENERATOR # kv DISTRIBUTION FEEDER GENERATOR #3 GENERATOR #4 SYNCHRONOUS CONDENSER VILLAGE RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL LOADS 750 VDC

10 Wind Turbines Halus V17 (remanufactured Vestas V17) Upgraded electronic controllers with communications interface Reduces the capital cost of the system Dated wind turbine technology: Constant speed, Fixed pitch Crude power factor correction No ability to limit power output Challenging to integrate in a high penetration system

11 Diesel Generators Existing diesel gensets Jacket water heat recovery Upgraded to EasyGen genset controllers

12 Secondary Load Controller Diverts excess wind power to an electric boiler in the diesel plant heat recovery loop. Zero-crossing solid state switching no harmonics Power control or frequency control Fast response (3 msec) Easily scalable

13 Synchronous Condenser Standalone or diesel-parallel operation Assists diesels (or inverter) in meeting reactive power demand Regulates voltage in standalone mode Magnetic mass provides additional voltage stiffness Rotating mass provides additional frequency stiffness Provides fault clearing current

14 Energy Storage Grid-Forming Power Converter Connects the battery to the AC power bus. 4-Quadrant Real and reactive power can flow in either direction Stand-alone or diesel-parallel operation Very fast response Battery sized for high number of small cycles 10 yr life Short term storage designed to minimize diesel run time

15 Hybrid System Supervisory Controller Monitors and coordinates the operation of all system components Touchscreen local operator interface On-board datalogging Internet ready Modular software modules pre-coded to enable use with all major models of wind turbine and diesel generator controllers.

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17 Kokhanok Project Status Project is about 80% commissioned. Individual power system components performing well. Supervisory Controller development about 80% complete. Will be most advanced hybrid system control on the market. Battery inverter system recently completed final testing at UAF Wind-Diesel Applications Center. Will be commissioned in Kokhanok in July. Full commissioning planned for late 2012.

18 Wind-Diesel Applications Center

19 Hawaii Off-Grid Wind Powered Water Pumping System Project Overview

20 Secondary Loads Controlled by the system The load may be optional: Heating fuel displacement The load may be deferrable: Water pumping Water purification Ice making

21 What If There Was Only Secondary Load? The entire load is subject to control by the system. Only supply the load when there is renewable energy available. No dispatchable generation required. Little or no energy storage required.

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23 Questions?