About Battery charging!

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2 About Battery charging! Over opladen van de batterij! Een groot misverstand is het laden van een batterij met elektrische energie tot 100% ladingstoestand (SOC) is gelijk aan het vullen van een emmer met water en deze kan worden geleegd op het moment dat we het opnieuw nodig hebben. Maar het laden en ontladen van een batterij werkt Anders.

3 Battery charging What is important charging a battery??? 1. Correct voltage 2. Temperature controlled 3. Right Caracteristic 4. Enough current of the charger. 5. Prevend gassing in the absorption fase.

4 Battery charging current Lead acid batteries can overheat if charged with a Current more than 0,3C (C= capacity Ah ) A 100 Ah battery for example should not be charged with a current exceeding 0,3 x 100 = 33 A. The rule is, to take a MAX charge current of +/- 20 % ( lithium 35%) of the battery capacity and also create a respectable charging time.

5 Because battery charging is a chemical process and we have to deal with: CEF: A charge efficiency of 95% means that 10 Ah must be transferred to the battery to get 9, 5 Ah actually stored in the battery. Estimating charge time: A lead-acid battery is about 85 % charged and a Lithium about 95 % at the beginning of the absorption period. Absorption: Charging up to +/- 85% SOC is not the biggest problem, but especially the last 15% up to 100 % takes 50 % more time. DOD: Batteries, depending on the type, cannot be discharged deeper than +/- 70 % and 30% must be left in; otherwise the battery will be damaged. Victron Company Profile

6 Charge Efficiency Factor (CEF) Not all of the charging energy transferred into the battery is available when the battery is being discharged. The charge efficiency of a brand new battery is approximately 90 %. A charge efficiency of 90 % means that 110 Ah must be transferred to the battery to get 100 Ah actually stored in the battery. So, you need to push more Amperes in it to get a 100 % result

7 BMV will synchronize and give 100 % SOC Merk op dat door de accu regelmatig (minstens één keer per maand) maximaal te laden, de accu niet alleen synchroon blijft met de BMV; ook aanzienlijk capaciteitsverlies, dat leidt tot een verkorte levensduur van de accu, wordt voorkomen. Gebeurt dit niet, dan ontstaan er grote verschillen tussen de realiteit en de gemeten waardes. Ok voor Lithium met passief balanceren!!!!!

8 Charging to 100 % SOC is through the absorption until float is reached! Als een laadsysteem de batterij niet regelmatig volledig kan opladen, is het resultaat vaak dat de batterij voortdurend tussen een "gedeeltelijk opgeladen" en de "einde van de ontlading" status verkeerd. Deze modus (geen regelmatige volledige herlading) zal de levensduur van de batterij aanzienlijk verkorten of binnen enkele maanden een loodzuuraccu vernietigen. Victron Company Profile

9 Estimating charge time for Lead Acid A lead-acid battery is about 85% charged at thestart of the absorption period. The time T : to 80% charged can be calculated as follows: T = Ah / I Where: I is the charge current (= charger output minus load current) and Ah is the amount of Ah to be charged. Example: Charge time to 80% of a fully discharged 100Ah battery when charged with a 10A Charger: T = 100 / 10 = 10 hours. Charge time to 100%: = 18 hours. Victron Company Profile

10 Charged-parameters : Op basis van de toenemende laadspanning en afnemende laadstroom kan worden besloten of de batterij volledig is opgeladen of niet.wanneer de Batterijspanning gedurende een vooraf bepaalde periode boven een bepaald niveau is terwijl de laadstroom gedurende eenzelfde periode onder een bepaald niveau ligt, kan de batterij als volledig opgeladen worden beschouwd. Geladen-parameters:In het algemeen is voor een 12V loodaccu de parameter voltage-charged 13,2 V en de current-charged-parameters +/- 4,0% van de totale batterijcapaciteit. En een geladen-parameter-tijd van 4 minuten. En pas dan wordt er gesynchroniseerd!!

11 VICTRON Adaptive 7-stage charge characteristic Bulk Absorption Float Storage Adaptive charging- Variable absorption time, based on the bulk time. Battery Safe mode to prevent gassing. Temperature compensation

12 ADAPTIVE BATTERY CHARGING The absorption time of a Phoenix Charger or Phoenix Multi will adapt itself as follows: * after each period of bulk charge (= the charger has reached its maximum current) an absorption period of 5 times the bulk charge period will follow, with a maximum set at, for example, 4 hours. * A bulk charge of 5 minutes (battery was nearly fully charged) will result in an absorption charge of 5 x 5 = 25 minutes. * A bulk charge of 30 minutes will result in an absorption charge of 30 x 5 = 150 minutes, or 2,5 hours. * A bulk charge of 2 hours will result in the maximum absorption charge time of 4 hours. - When connected to a fully charged battery and switched on, no absorption charge will occur because the charge current will almost immediately drop off to a low level.

13 Battery Voltage Lead Acid Gel- AGM

14 Charging Batteries bruikbare energie

15 Alternator Charging

16 One complete turn gives 1 sinewave!

17 Alternators - Basic Operation :

18 Alternator from AC to DC - 3 pfase delivery: The number of poles gives the number of sinewaves!

19 RECTIFIER

20 ARGO Diode Battery Isolators Diode battery isolators allow charging of two or more batteries from one alternator, without connecting the batteries together. The Argo battery isolators feature a low voltage drop thanks to the use of Shotky diodes: at low current the voltage drop is 0,3 V. FET isolators have virtually no voltage loss. Voltage drop is less than 0,02 Volt at low current and averages 0,1 Volt at higher currents.

21 Alternator energize input Alternator energize input Some alternators need DC voltage on the B+ output to start charging. Obviously, DC will be present when the alternator is directly connected to a battery. Inserting a Diode or FET splitter will however prevent any return voltage/current from the batteries to the B+, and the alternator will not start. The new AC diode isolators feature a special current limited energize input that will power the B+ when the engine run/stop switch is closed.

22 ARGO / FET Battery Isolator with alternator energize input Practically no voltage drop!

23 Alternator inside Warning light for : Check if the alternator start charging Warning light is also for start up to start up Magnetism of the rotor poles. Standard there is no magnetism to ensure that the alternator continues to deliver at very high speed (rpm)

24 Voltage drop over a diode!! Voltage drop over a diode, give a lower charging voltage on the battery and the battery will not be charged enough!!

25 ALTERNATOR with diode separator

26 Cyrix Battery separators 1. Closes and connects at 13.4 / 26.8 volt and higher. 2. Disconnect on his way down. 3. Suitable for motor management driven engines. 4. By direxional

27 Cyrix Battery separators 120 AMPERE To choose the right Cyrix Battery separators, it depends on the maximum Ampere the alternator can produce Victron Company Profile

28 Cyrix Battery separators 230 AMPERE To choose the right Cyrix Battery separators, it depends on the maximum Ampere the alternator can produce Victron Company Profile

29 Cyrix Battery separators

30 Cyrix charging:

31 Max Ampere - Rpm Crankshaft pulley 20 cm X Motor 800 Rpm = Alternator pulley 9 CM X Rpm Alternator?? / 9 = Rpm Alternator +/ Radiations per minute An alternator can never charge a battery for more than +/- 90 % SOC!!!!

32 Battery bank balancing and design

33 Cells of a battery never are identical. One bad cell or one bad battery can destroy a large, expensive battery bank. A short circuit or high internal leakage current in one cell for example will result in under charge of that cell and over charge of the other cells. Similarly, one bad battery in a 24 V or 48 V banks of several series/parallel connected 12 V batteries can destroy the whole bank. Moreover, when new cells or batteries are connected in series, they should all have the same initial state-of-charge. Small differences will be ironed out during absorption or equalize charging, but large differences will result in damage during charging due to excessive gassing of the cells or batteries with the highest SOC state-of-charge.

34 The best and the most correct way to connect, with a bus bar.

35 Busbars If DC distribution points or busbars are being used please note that: The cross-section of the connection between the batteries and the DC distribution point must at least equal the sum of the required cross-sections of the connections between the distribution point and the MultiPlus units.

36 When midpoint monitoring? When batteries are new: To detect differences in state of charge. Thereafter: Equalizing needed warning Detect a sudden failure: open cell or short circuited cell End of life warning due to sulphating or shedding of active material

37 Battery balancer Start voltage : 27,3 V Active when: midpoint voltage differents is higher than 50mV Max current: 0,7 A After charging stops and starts again the alarm activated again when the imbalance is still there

38 Midpoint monitoring function of the BMV-battery monitor. It displays the deviation from the ideal midpoint in volts or percent and give an Alarm.

39 Victron Energy