Electric Mobility in Germany and the Role of Electric Vehicles in the Future Power Grid

Transcription

1 Electric Mobility in Germany and the Role of Electric Vehicles in the Future Power Grid ECOGERMA 2013 Sao Paulo, 26 June 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg NRW Competence Center EMobility, Infrastructure and Grids TU Dortmund University Funded by:

2 Agenda NRW Competence Center EMobility, Infrastructure and Grids International comparison Inside Germany EVs in the future power grid ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/2013 2

3 NRW Competence Center EMobility, Infrastructure & Grids at TU Dortmund University NRW Competence Center EMobility Infrastructure and Grids at TU Dortmund University Technology and TestingPlatform for Charging stations Charging systems Accounting systems Communication devices Onestopshop for all aspects of system technology in emobility Power grid Power electronics Communication EMC Environmental effects ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/2013 3

4 NRW Competence Center EMobility, Infrastructure & Grids at TU Dortmund University TU Dortmund University ie³ Institute of Energy Systems, Energy Efficiency and Energy Economics Prof. Dr.Ing. Christian Rehtanz Prof. Dr.Ing. Johanna Myrzik Insitute of Control Theory and Systems Engineering Prof. Dr. Ing. Prof. h. c. Torsten Bertram Industrial partners AKUVIB Engineering und Testing GmbH EMC Test NRW GmbH LTi DRiVES GmbH RWE AG Technologiezentrum Dortmund TÜV Informationstechnik GmbH Chair of Electrical Drives and Mechatronics Prof. Dr.Ing. Dr.Ing. Stefan Kulig Communication Networks Institute Prof. Dr.Ing. Christian Wietfeld Onboard Systems Lab Prof. Dr.Ing. Stephan Frei ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/2013 4

5 Technology and Innovation Platform for interoperable EMobility, Infrastructure & Grids Personal safety Environmental effects EMC CartoX Accounting systems Communications networks Charging station ICT Electric Vehicle ICT Charging electronics Controller Network management Energy networks Charging system Battery Electric drive Testing and development environment for electrical components Testing and development environment for communication Protective and safety devices EMC testing and simulation Modelbased systemintegration Project management, organisation and founding of the Competence Center ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/2013 5

6 Technology and Innovation Platform for interoperable EMobility, Infrastructure & Grids Funded by: ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/2013 6

7 International Comparison ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/2013 7

8 International comparison Competitive position and market 2013 Industry Technology Source: Roland Berger; fka ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/2013 8

9 International comparison Price Technology Relation Average price [ ] low medium Constantly high pricing Significant production capacity Higher market relevance of high price EVs High technology level Prices are becoming attractive Low technology level Low number of units Small and smallest Vehicles are becoming relevant as entry for electric mobility high Still no market launch of the announced vehicles Average Technology level Source: Quartalsindex Elektromobilität, Q1/2013 ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/2013 9

10 International comparison Estimated EV and PHEV production in 2015 (2012 s view) Country EV/PHEV production volume ( 000 units) Top cars Source: Roland Berger; fka ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

11 International comparison Estimated EV and PHEV production in 2015 (2013 s view) Country EV/PHEV production volume ( 000 units) Top cars Source: Roland Berger; fka ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

12 International comparison Buying incentives % BEV/PHEV Sales 2012 Buying incentives Source: Roland Berger; fka ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

13 International comparison Battery cell production, (MWh) Leading producer Panasonic, AESC, Toshiba GS Yuasa Espacially LG Chem and Samsung Brand concentration A123 and several japanese manufacturers Local for local Bought A123 Espacially LiTec No significant production No significant production Source: Roland Berger; fka ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

14 International comparison Summary Industry Technology Market Source: Quartalsindex Elektromobilität, Q1/2013 ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

15 Inside Germany ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

16 Overview? OEM Utility CIS User ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

17 Current charging technology AC 3,7 kw AC 11 kw AC 22 kw (AC 44 kw) CIS DC 20 kw DC 50 kw (DC 100 kw) Inductive Charging ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

18 Current charging technology Charging infrastructure Normal case: Overnight charging AC 3,7 kw 610 hours charging Actual German concept for public space AC or threephase AC theoratically up to 43 kw (depends on charging system in the EV) Charging time at least 30 minutes actual standard in Germany Quick charging stations in public space DC with 100 kw and more (depends on battery technology) Charging time << 30 minutes in use in Japan, USA and EU ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

19 Current charging concepts Matrix of concepts Charging point Accounting concept kwhdependent Timedependent Distancedependent Public Semipublic Private Conductive charging Inductive charging Battery exchange Meter in charging point Meter in car ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

20 Utility s objectives Utility RES integration Optimizing grid load Optimizing grid invest Optimizing CIS invest System services ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

21 OEM s objectives OEM Optimizing weight Optimizing space Optimizing costs ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

22 User s objectives P Charging User ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

23 Current charging solutions P 3,7 kw AC Charging Box 11 kw AC Charging Boix 11 kw AC Charging Station 22 kw AC Charging Station with communication 22 kw AC Charging Station with communication 50 kw DC Charging Station ~28 hours 12 EV per day ~12 hours 410 EV per day ~1 hour 1015 EV per day max. 0,5 hour 1224 EV per day ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

24 Conclusion P 80 % of charging by NPE 20 % of charging AC 3,7 kw / 11 kw AC 22 kw DC up to 100 kw ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

25 EVs in the Future Power Grid ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

26 Challenges of renewable energy integration Renewables nearly cover electrical power demand in % 100% 50% 40% 20% 15% 10% ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

27 Capacity (GW) Challenges of renewable energy integration Need for storages: Base scenario % renewables approx. 30 TWh el Renewable power supply and load, January to February 2050 (based on Meteo year 2006) Pumped storages today: 0,04 TWh Source: Nitsch, Sterner et al., 2010, BMU Leitszenarien Zwischenbericht ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

28 Challenges of renewable energy integration Surplus electricity occurs in specific current load situations Surplus Price declines Price 500 /MWh 50 ct/kwh Source: Siemens AG CT TP, 2010 ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

29 Opportunities of renewable integration Possible solutions Feedin management for wind energy (limiting wind turbine output) Load management (e.g. night storage heatings, air compression) Additional storages Export electricity to foreign countries ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

30 Renewable integration with EVs Use of EVs to face the challenges 220 GW if 20 Mio. EV Need for storages: Base scenario % renewables approx. 30 TWh el Renewable power supply and load, January to February 2050 (based on Meteo year 2006) Pumped storages today: 0,04 TWh 100 P [GW] 80 Peak load Source: Nitsch, Sterner et al., 2010, BMU Leitszenarien Zwischenbericht Öl Gasturbine Gas + GuD Steinkohle Braunkohle Kernkraft Netzlast residuale Last verfügbare KW Residual load 77 GW if 7 Mio. EV 11 GW if 1 Mio. EV Theoretical simultaneous charging capacity of all EVs (with 11 kw max. capacity) Practical daily simultaneous charging capacity of all EVs (with 11 kw max. capacity) inst. KW Last inst. KW Last inst. KW Last ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg EE BMU 6/26/2013 BMU 30

31 Renewable integration with EVs Fluctuating feedin causes power gap and requires load control e 100 P [GW] Peak load Relatively long times of low wind Reduction of peak loads (noon/early evening) NO charging of EVs Positive effects on the power grid, no grid restrictions Shifted/longer charging time causes losses of comfort le 20 0 Residual load 20 Relatively short times of peak winds during light load (night) Last e KW 40 Load EVs simultaneously inst. KW Last inst. KW Last Simultaneity causes restrictions in the distribution system inst. KW Last EE BMU BMU 2030 ECOGERMA Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

32 Renewable integration with EVs Bottleneck: Grid infrastructure 110kV Netz UA 10 kv Local network station House junction cable House connection box Circuit breakers NH 00 with 63 A 100 A Typical household loads + Electric Vehicle ONS 0,4 kv 10 medium voltage strings 1 local network station 5 low voltage, strings 1 house connection box Capacity reserve at house connection > 11 kw 3 phase charging using 16 A (11 kw) possible (approx. 2 hours for 100km range) ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

33 Charging Ladeleistung capacity in W/ (W/EV) Pkw Renewable integration with EVs Reducing loads and power gap by EV charging management e le Last e KW 100 P [GW] Peak load Residual load max. 7,5 10 GW with 20 million EVs Practical daily simultaneous charging capacity of all EVs Potential for load reduction (+ energy feedback) inst. KW Last inst. KW Last inst. KW Last EE BMU BMU 50 0 Heim Home Heim Home und and Arbeit work Flächendeckend Areawide Time Tageszeit of day in (h) h Example 7,5 10 GW after / 0 GW before commuting Source: TU Dortmund ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

34 ... Outlook EVs provide network services and similar products HS/MS System operator Network services Grid restrictions Aggregator Demand Response Demand Side Mgmt. Supply Side Mgmt. Electricity market Utility companies Energy traders x x MS/NS ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

35 Outlook Electrifiying Municipal Fleets Business concepts for charging the municipal EVfleet with local RES Approach Analysis of energy legal and technical requirements for optimized integration of local RES Development of controlbased charging concepts with and without reservation and forecast data Load shift potential with regard to economic efficiency and CO 2 balance Funded by BMVBS ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/

36 Thank you for your attention! Contact Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg Competence Center EMobility, Infrastructure and Grids TU Dortmund University ie³ Institute of Energy Systems, Energy Efficiency and Energy Economics Phone: Mobile: Fax: ECOGERMA 2013 Dr. Jan Fritz Rettberg 6/26/