2016 FLEET BAROMETER. International report

Transcription

1 FLEET BAROMETER International report

2 2 Table of content I CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLEET p.21 II FINANCING p.53 III TELEMATICS & MOBILE APPLICATIONS p.70 IV SAFETY p.88 V AUTONOMOUS DRIVING CAR p.92 VI PERSPECTIVES IN TERMS OF MOBILITY p.98

3 3 Perimeter of the study Europe & BRT Perimeter BRT Brazil Russia Turkey Creation in France India out of the study Greece out of the study

4 Perimeter of the study Focus Europe 4

5 5 Methodology DATA COLLECTION METHOD FIELDWORK PERIOD TARGET CATI System (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing) JANUARY FEBRUARY Fleet managers in companies with at least 10 employees of all industries using at least 10 corporate vehicles Except for Russia (at least 2 vehicles for companies with 10 to 99 employees and 3 vehicles for companies with 100 employees and more) and Brazil (at least 5 vehicles) QUOTAS SAMPLE DURATION OF INTERVIEWS Company size & sector interviews including through Europe and 624 out of Europe 10 minutes in average

6 6 Pictograms Company size Fleet size* Type of vehicles employees Medium fleet Passenger Cars PC (Basis : Overall) 100 to 249/ 499/ 999 employees 250/ 500/ 1000 employees and more Large fleet Light Commercial Vehicles LCV (Basis : Overall) * Fleet size : the size of the fleet has been defined according to the total number of vehicles given in question A5. We took the median number of each country and defined their fleet sizes. Median 50 vehicles Median 40 vehicles Median 25 vehicles FR BE DE ES UK NL CH IT PL PT LU CZ

7 7 Sample This year, the perimeter of the survey is slightly different. We interviewed companies with at least 10 employees and owning at least 10 vehicles. Total interviews EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK

8 8 Sample FR IT UK NL ES BE CZ DE PL PT CH LU BR RU TR 10 to 99 employees 100 to 249 employees 100 to 499 employees 100 to 999 employees 250 employees and more 500 employees and more 1000 employees and more

9 CONTEXT AND MAIN RESULTS 9

10 10 Context Compared evolution of personal car sales in the 12 European countries that were part of this observatory on the scale to the left versus GDP growth rate on the scale to the right Total sales europe Real GPD Growth rate,

11 11 Context 2008: onset of the crisis, simultaneous personal car (PC) sales and GDP drop. 2009: slight sales recovery thanks to the support of scrappage schemes. 2010: market collapse following the cessation of the scrappage schemes measures despite an uptick of GDP growth rates : fall of PC sales volumes in line and at the same time the GDP declined. 2013: sales decline limited to -1.68%, it seems that the market has bottomed out in : market turnaround / 2015: significant increase -> GDP growth (+1.4% in 2014 and +1.9% in 2015, admittedly limited but following a year at -0.5 % and another at 0) and significant increase in sales with a growth rate of + 3.4% in 2014 and 15.7% in 2015 on the 12 European countries which participated in the study. Experts predict for the next 3 years a GDP growth rate in line with the year 2015 (and slightly above 2014) with +1.9% for 2016 and 2017 (equal to 2015) and +2.0% for 2018 (European Economic forecast provided in February 2016). PCs sales are expected to increase to a lesser extent compared to 2015: +2% in 2016 versus +9% in 2015 for the European market as a whole.

12 Context Compared evolution of LCV sales in the 12 European countries that were part of this observatory on the scale to the left versus GDP growth rate on the scale to the right total sales europe Real GPD Growth rate, The light commercial vehicle market (LCV), which is nearly exclusively bought by companies, is much more strongly correlated to the evolution of the GDP growth rate. 2 years in a row increase of the LCV market for the 12 European countries included in the scope of the survey: +10.5% in 2014 and +22.9% in

13 13 Context Sales of personal vehicles evolution, base 100 in 2004, on the scale to the right compared with the GDP growth evolution on the scale to the left FR/DE ES/PT/IT CH CZ/PL/UK LU/BE/NL Real GPD Growth rate,

14 14 Context France and Germany supported the personal vehicles sales as of the start of the crisis in 2009 by putting into place a scrappage scheme or incentives for clean, energy efficient vehicles. The suspension of these measures explains, in part, the declines we saw in these countries between 2010 and Over the period, sales went from a 100 index in 2004 to an index of 90 in was the year of the turnaround with a growth of 1.9 % in 2014 and + 6.0% in Spain, Portugal and Italy are the 3 countries that have been hit the hardest by this economic crisis. Since 2007, personal vehicle sales haven t stopped sliding every year going from an index of 109 in 2007 to 54 in These countries have a significant reversal in 2014 with growth of 10.6 % of PC sales and +18% in On the opposite spectrum, Switzerland has always seen their personal vehicles sales volume grow from 2009 to 2013 but recorded a significant decline in 2013 and The market registers a turnaround in 2015 with an increase of +7.2%. The UK, CZ and Poland group records a significant increase in volume of PC sales over the last 3 years. Over the period, sales went from a 79 index in 2011 to an index of 106 in Benelux: Sales down in 2009 at the time of the crisis, in 2011 the losses were largely met, overall decline in sales in the next period ( ) registers an increase in sales for Belgium and the Netherlands (of respectively +3.8% and +16% - only Luxembourg recorded decrease in 2015, but the small size of its market does not influence significativily the group of countries).

15 15 Context Sales evolution of light commercial vehicles, base 100 in 2007, on the scale to the right compared to the European GDP growth rate on the scale to the left FR/BE/UK/NL/DE/PL ES/PT/IT CH/LU Real GPD Growth rate,

16 16 Context The light commercial vehicle market, less subject to government grants, is much more strongly correlated with the GDP growth rate. Spain, Portugal and Italy saw their volumes divided by 2.6 between 2007 and It would appear that the low point was hit in 2013, as the market showed a significant growth between 2013 and 2015 (+55%). Despite this, it still remains very far from pre-crisis levels with 318,000 units in 2015 versus 561,000 in 2007 (down 43%). The other countries record a strong correlation between sales evolutions and GDP growth. Sharp decline of LCV sales in 2009 following the decline of the GDP growth rate, then rise through Decline in terms of sales volume in 2012 and Turnaround in 2014 with increase rates of +8.8% in 2014 and +6.8% in 2015.

17 17 Context Sales evolution of light commercial vehicles in the Czech Republic, base 100 in 2007 on the scale to the right compared to the European GDP growth rate evolution on the scale to the left CZ Real GPD Growth rate, Special case of the Czech Republic where the collapse in the number of recorded LCV for the period is explained by a change in the law. A law was enforced (87/2009 Sb) which extended to all vehicles the possibility of getting a tax rebate. Previously, this benefit was reserved to LCVs. We therefore observed a transfer of demand from LCVs to PCs. Sales volumes were thus divided by 4 in 2 years (between 2008 and 2010). No significant evolution in terms of LCVs sales between 2010 and Market turnaround in 2014: LCV sales increase by 46.8% between 2013 and 2015.

18 18 Main results European companies appear to be confident in terms of fleet growth potential for the coming years. The balance between the fleet managers who expect an increase and the fleet managers who expect a decrease is equal to 21%. Countries with the highest fleet growth potentials are UK, Belgium, Poland and Luxembourg, on the other side, Portugal and the Netherlands appears to be the less optimistic. Higher confidence level are reported for larger fleets. In 2016, fleet managers still notice an increasing trend in terms of usage duration of their passengers cars and light commercial vehicles in fleet. More fleet managers have reported an increase in 2016 than in 2015 (+5 points for PCs and +4points for LCVs). Fleet managers report that diesel engine account for 82% of their passenger vehicle fleet. Only a small decrease is expected within the next 5 years. Larger decreases are expected in large fleets, in large companies, in France and Belgium. Nearly half of the European companies have already implemented or expect to acquire vehicle with alternative / new energies (at least one of the following technology: Hybrid, Plug-in hybrid, Compressed Natural Gas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, Electric Vehicle, Fuel Cell Electric / Hydrogen). The most attractive energies in 2016 for companies are Hybrid, Plug-in hybrid and Full electric vehicle. Specificities are seen by countries like the high penetration of CNG in Italy or LPG in Poland that could be explained by the incentives given by the government in order to develop these technologies.

19 19 Main results In terms of financing method, larger the companies are, the more they are to use Operating leasing as their main financing method. However, proportion of companies using self purchase or car credit decrease when the company size increase. On large and very large segment, we notice in 2016 an increase trend of Self-purchase (+3 points compared with 2015) and a decreasing trend of Finance leasing (-5 points). Compared with 2013, Operating leasing has recorded an increasing trend: +4 points in 3 years. Higher penetration rate of Operating leasing are reached in France, Spain, Italy and Luxembourg. On the other side, we record high penetration of Self purchase in countries like Switzerland, Czech Republic, Poland and to a lesser extent Germany and UK. Penetration of Telematics has slightly increased from 28% in 2013 to 35% in Most advanced countries on Telematics subject are Czech Republic, Poland, Spain and UK. Telematics are mainly used in 2016 as a vehicle locator / tracker but compared to 2013, the following uses have significantly increased: reduce fuel consumption, improve the safety of the drivers and monitor driving behaviours. Fleet managers are interested in mobile apps: 6 out of 10 fleets managers have mentioned to consider mobiles apps as useful. Portugal, Spain, Poland and Czech Republic appear to be the most interested countries. Apps that send alerts about vehicles conditions and remind you when to renew them are the most attractive apps tested in this survey. No major differences are reported between medium and large fleets. Only 38% of the fleets managers are interested in a service proven to reduce fleet cost by using Telematics. Data privacy issue is the main factor that hinders the willingness to use such app.

20 20 Main results Regarding safety issues, fleet managers consider that autonomous emergency brake is the most important option to be included in passenger cars and light commercial vehicles. They also consider the following options as important (essential or at least useful): Night vision system, adaptive cruise control, line change warning and adaptive light control. No major difference between fleet size are reported. Less than 1 out of 2 European fleet managers have mentioned autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicles will be easily accepted by their employees. This proves that this technology will need to manage users fear and lack of knowledge before being adopted. No difference are noted between fleet size. Car sharing appears to be a solution that could expand in companies even if, according to fleet managers, employees that already have a company car won t be ready to give up for alternative mobility (as a company car is clearly considered as a reward). According to car policy managers interviewed, the youngest generation will more easily accept car sharing, and mobility budget could be considered as a reward as it is currently the case for company cars. This should help the expansion of car sharing.

21 21 I CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLEET

22 A FLEET ASPECT 22

23 Number of vehicles in fleet A5. Can you please tell me the total number of vehicles of less than 3.5 tons in your fleet? Total 1% 1% 1% <1% 1 to 9 vehicles 53% 10 to 99 vehicles 83% 97% 86% 100 to 499 vehicles 34% 500 vehicles and more 13% 13% 1% 4% 1% 1% The fleet size is logically directly linked to the company size. Respectively, only14% and 46% of the European large and very large companies have 100 vehicles or more in fleets. 13% 23

24 Number of vehicles in fleet EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK 1 to 9 vehicles 1% - 8% to 99 vehicles 97% 93% 92% 100% 100% 99% 98% 100% 93% 99% 100% 100% 96% 100 to 499 vehicles 1% 3% % - - 3% 1% - - 4% More than 500 vehicles 1% 3% % - 3% to 9 vehicles <1% - 5% to 99 vehicles 72% 46% 77% 91% 54% 77% 48% 82% 77% 70% 89% 73% 71% 100 to 499 vehicles 21% 38% 16% 9% 37% 18% 38% 16% 19% 25% 7% 21% 20% More than 500 vehicles 6% 16% 2% - 9% 5% 13% 2% 4% 4% 4% 6% 9% France and Belgium are the countries with the larger fleets. Switzerland, Czech Republic, Italy, Luxembourg and Poland are the countries with smaller fleets. 24

25 Fleet growth potential by company size % which think that the total number of vehicles of their company fleet will A8. In the next three years, do you think that the total number of vehicles in your company fleet will? Decrease Increase Balance 2016 Balance 2015 Balance 2014 Balance 2013 Balance 2012 Total 9% 30% +21% 7% 29% +21% 7% 31% +24% +12% +13% +12% +5% 14% 32% +18% +23% +16% +5% +8% Balance = Fleet growth will increase Fleet growth will decrease Regardless their size, European companies appear to be confident in terms of fleet growth potential for the coming years. Large companies* appears to be significantly more confident than the previous year. * With 100 to 250 / 500 or 1000 employees, depending on the country, boundary by country indicated in slide 8. 25

26 Fleet growth potential by company size % which think that the total number of vehicles of their company fleet will A8. In the next three years, do you think that the total number of vehicles in your company fleet will? Decrease Increase Balance 2016 Balance 2016 EU 7% 29% + 21% FR 12% 19% + 7% BE 10% 21% + 10% IT 5% 25% + 21% CH CZ 13% 6% 27% 24% + 13% + 18% LU NL PL 8% 11% 48% 30% 38% + 48% + 23% + 27% DE 20% + 20% PT 13% 20% + 7% ES 10% 29% + 19% UK 4% 44% + 40% Amongst medium companies, all of the countries surveyed appear to be confident in terms of fleet growth potential. The most optimistic countries are Luxembourg and UK whereas Portugal is the less optimistic countries. To be noticed: low score in Belgium for medium companies compared with large and very large companies. 26

27 Fleet growth potential by company size % which think that the total number of vehicles of their company fleet will A8. In the next three years, do you think that the total number of vehicles in your company fleet will? + Decrease Increase Balance 2016 Balance 2016 EU 10% 32% + 22% FR 18% 34% + 16% BE 4% 38% + 34% IT 10% 32% + 22% CH 11% 26% + 15% LU 6% 42% + 36% CZ 2% 25% + 22% NL PL 20% 11% 26% 43% + 6% + 32% DE 5% 21% + 16% PT 12% 19% + 7% ES 9% 32% + 24% UK 11% 43% + 32% Fleet managers of large and very large companies (with more than 100 employees) appears to be very optimistic in terms of fleet growth potential in all the countries. The most optimistic countries are Luxembourg, UK, Belgium and Poland whereas Portugal and the Netherlands are the less optimistic countries. 27

28 28 Fleet growth potential by fleet size % which think that the total number of vehicles of their company fleet will A8. In the next three years, do you think that the total number of vehicles in your company fleet will? Decrease Increase Balance 2016 Total 9% 30% +21% 8% 26% +18% 11% 37% +27% Balance = Fleet growth will increase Fleet growth will decrease Larger fleets companies size appears to be slightly more optimistic in terms of fleet growth potential.

29 Fleet growth potential by fleet size % which think that the total number of vehicles of their company fleet will A8. In the next three years, do you think that the total number of vehicles in your company fleet will? Decrease Increase Balance 2016 Balance 2016 EU 8% 26% + 18% FR 11% 22% + 11% BE 8% 23% + 15% IT 6% 27% + 20% CH 12% 21% + 9% LU 2% 43% + 41% CZ 2% 12% + 10% NL PL 11% 12% 25% 33% + 15% + 21% DE 1% 13% + 13% PT 13% 22% + 9% ES 9% 28% + 19% UK 6% 41% + 35% Amongst medium fleets, all the countries appear to be optimistic in terms of fleet growth potential (in each country, we find more optimistic than pessimistic fleet managers). UK and Luxembourg appear to be the most optimistic countries whereas Portugal, Switzerland, France and Germany are the less optimistic. 29

30 Fleet growth potential by fleet size % which think that the total number of vehicles of their company fleet will A8. In the next three years, do you think that the total number of vehicles in your company fleet will? Decrease Increase Balance 2016 Balance 2016 EU 11% 37% + 27% FR 23% 37% + 14% BE 6% 39% + 32% IT 10% 33% + 23% CH 12% 33% + 21% LU 4% 47% + 43% CZ 4% 38% + 34% NL PL 25% 9% 33% 55% + 7% + 47% DE 4% 30% + 26% PT 12% 16% + 4% ES 8% 39% + 31% UK 12% 47% + 35% The most optimistic countries are UK, Poland and Luxembourg. On the other side, Portugal, the Netherlands and to a lesser extent France, Italy, Germany and Switzerland are less optimistic. 30

31 B AVERAGE DURATION OF USAGE 31

32 32 Perceived evolution of average duration % which think that duration of usage in the company has A5D. Since last year, would you say that the average duration of usage of your Passenger Car and Light commercial Vehicles has increased, decreased or has remained the same? Basis : companies Light Commercial Vehicles or Passenger Cars / Excluding second-hand vehicles Total +13% +13% +12% Balance 2016 Increased Passenger Cars 19% 18% 20% 6% 5% 8% Decreased +11% +11% +11% 18% 17% 19% Balance 2016 Light Commercial Vehicles 7% 6% 8% Don t know and Remained the same not displayed Fleet managers who noticed an increase of their vehicles usage duration outnumber the ones who noticed a decrease. No major difference between Passenger Cars and Light Commercial Vehicles.

33 Perceived evolution of average duration by fleet size EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK Balance % +10% +18% +3% +7% +13% +11% +5% +27% +21% +13% +10% +12% Passenger Cars 18% 13% 20% 14% 9% 18% 14% 11% 31% 23% 19% 17% 20% 5% 3% 2% 12% 2% 5% 3% 6% 4% 3% 6% 7% 8% Increased Decreased +11% +12% +19% +1% +3% +8% +9% +11% +18% +17% +13% +1% +19% Light Commercial Vehicles 17% 17% 22% 12% 7% 13% 12% 18% 21% 22% 20% 12% 25% 6% 5% 3% 11% 4% 5% 4% 6% 4% 5% 7% 11% 6% In all countries, there are more fleet managers that have noticed an increase of their vehicles usage duration than fleet managers who have reported a decrease. To be noticed: stabilization for LCV in Czech Republic, Portugal and Germany. 33

34 Perceived evolution of average duration by fleet size EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK Balance % +10% +13% +16% +6% +19% +14% +10% +19% +13% +14% +6% +11% Passenger Cars 20% 20% 20% 26% 12% 21% 28% 15% 19% 21% 22% 19% 23% 8% 11% 7% 10% 6% 2% 14% 5% 8% 8% 13% 12% Increased Decreased +11% +10% +18% +14% -5% +11% +16% +11% +17% +15% +18% -4% +13% Light Commercial Vehicles 19% 15% 23% 24% 4% 11% 31% 19% 21% 20% 19% 14% 25% 8% 5% 5% 9% 9% 15% 8% 4% 6% 1% 18% 12% In all countries, there are more fleet managers that noticed an increase of their vehicles usage duration than fleet managers who have reported a decrease for both PCs and LCV except in Portugal and Germany where fleet managers have reported a decrease of their LCVs usage duration. 34

35 Perceived evolution of average duration % which think that duration of usage in the company has A5D. Since last year, would you say that the average duration of usage of your Passenger Car and Light commercial Vehicles has increased, decreased or has remained the same? Basis : companies Light Commercial Vehicles or Passenger Cars / Excluding second-hand vehicles Total +13% +12% +13% +13% Balance % 18% 20% 20% Increased Passenger Cars 6% 5% 7% 7% Decreased +11% +10% +13% +10% 18% 17% 19% 17% Balance 2016 Light Commercial Vehicles 7% 8% 5% 7% Don t know and Remained the same not displayed Fleet Managers perceived that usage duration of their vehicles has gotten longer for PCs and LCVs. No major difference between companies size. 35

36 Perceived evolution of average duration by company size EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK Balance % +5% +5% -5% +7% +13% +14% +12% +32% +18% +17% +5% +14% Passenger Cars 18% 8% 10% 12% 9% 19% 18% 13% 33% 23% 22% 16% 24% 5% 3% 5% 17% 2% 6% 4% 2% 2% 5% 5% 10% 10% Increased Decreased +10% +14% +9% -6% +2% +9% +11% +20% +18% +13% +20% -10% +11% Light Commercial Vehicles 17% 19% 15% 11% 7% 17% 15% 25% 22% 21% 22% 8% 24% 8% 6% 5% 17% 4% 8% 4% 5% 4% 8% 2% 18% 13% In medium companies, fleet managers perceived that usage duration of their vehicles has gotten longer for PCs and LCVs except Czech Republic about both PCs and LCVs and Portugal regarding LCVs. 36

37 Perceived evolution of average duration by company size + EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK Balance % +15% +24% +12% +6% +16% +12% +5% +14% +18% +10% +11% +10% Passenger Cars 20% 24% 27% 22% 11% 19% 22% 12% 17% 22% 19% 20% 19% 7% 9% 3% 10% 5% 3% 11% 8% 3% 4% 9% 9% 9% Increased Decreased +12% +9% +25% +11% -4% +9% +13% +6% +17% +19% +9% +7% +20% Light Commercial Vehicles 18% 13% 28% 20% 4% 10% 24% 14% 20% 22% 17% 17% 25% 6% 5% 3% 9% 8% 1% 12% 8% 3% 3% 8% 10% 6% In large and very large companies, fleet managers perceived that usage duration of their vehicles has gotten longer for PCs and LCVs except Germany regarding LCVs. 37

38 Perceived evolution of average duration since last year % which think that duration of usage in the company has A5D. Since last year, would you say that the average duration of usage of your Passenger Car and Light commercial Vehicles has increased, decreased or has remained the same? Basis : companies Light Commercial Vehicles or Passenger Cars / Excluding second-hand vehicles % displayed = Balance Increase - Decrease +13% +13% + +11% +12% +12% Passenger LCV +9% +9% +7% +8% +8% +8% +6% In 2016, fleet managers report a slight increase in term of usage duration of Passenger Cars and Light Commercial Vehicles. 38

39 C ENERGY 39

40 40 Part of diesel in the fleet: today vs. in 5 years % of diesel vehicles in the passenger vehicle fleet A23. What percentage do diesel vehicles account for in your passenger vehicle fleet? A24. In your opinion, what percentage will diesel vehicles account for in your passenger cars in 5 years? Average % of diesel cars in fleet Total Today 5 years 82% 81% 84% 79% 79% 79% Diesel engines represent 82% of the vehicles in fleet. No major differences regarding the fleet size. Professional expect a small decrease of 3 points within the 5 coming years. Larger decrease expected in larger fleet (-5 pts) Large differences between countries (see next slides).

41 41 Part of diesel in the fleet: today vs. in 5 years by fleet size % of diesel vehicles in the passenger vehicle fleet A23. What percentage do diesel vehicles account for in your passenger vehicle fleet? A24. In your opinion, what percentage will diesel vehicles account for in your passenger cars in 5 years? Average % of diesel cars in fleet EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK 81% 98% 64% 69% 76% 89% 96% 83% 91% 58% 69% 92% 85% Today Expected evolution in 5 years -2% -10% +4% +1% +3% -3% -6% -2% -6% -2% +1% +1% -1% 79% 88% 68% 70% 79% 86% 90% 81% 85% 56% 70% 93% 84% 5 years In medium fleets (less than 100 vehicles), larger decreases in terms of diesel penetration are expected in Belgium, France and Luxembourg.

42 42 Part of diesel in the fleet: today vs. in 5 years by fleet size % of diesel vehicles in the passenger vehicle fleet A23. What percentage do diesel vehicles account for in your passenger vehicle fleet? A24. In your opinion, what percentage will diesel vehicles account for in your passenger cars in 5 years? Average % of diesel cars in fleet EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK 84% 98% 71% 60% 82% 93% 95% 93% 95% 72% 65% 95% 88% Today Expected evolution in 5 years -5% -16% +1% +5% +1% -5% -17% -2% -4% -7% -5% -2% -12% 79% 82% 72% 65% 83% 88% 78% 91% 91% 65% 60% 93% 76% 5 years In large and very large fleets, larger decreases in terms of diesel penetration are expected in France, Belgium and UK.

43 In 5 years Part of diesel in the fleet: today vs. in 5 years % of diesel vehicles in the passenger vehicle fleet A23. What percentage do diesel vehicles account for in your passenger vehicle fleet? A24. In your opinion, what percentage will diesel vehicles account for in your passenger cars in 5 years? 100% PT 90% 80% DE IT UK ES LU FR BE 70% CZ CH PL 60% NL 50% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Today The largest decreases are expected for the countries with the highest diesel penetration rate: France and Belgium. 43

44 Part of diesel in the fleet: today vs. in 5 years % of diesel vehicles in the passenger vehicle fleet A23. What percentage do diesel vehicles account for in your passenger vehicle fleet? A24. In your opinion, what percentage will diesel vehicles account for in your passenger cars in 5 years? Average % of diesel cars Total Today 5 years 82% 82% 81% 83% 79% 80% 78% 78% Small decrease expected of the diesel penetration in a global point of view: -3 points within the next 5 years. The largest decrease is expected amongst largest companies: -5 points. 44

45 45 Part of diesel in the fleet: today vs. in 5 years by company size % of diesel vehicles in the passenger vehicle fleet A23. What percentage do diesel vehicles account for in your passenger vehicle fleet? A24. In your opinion, what percentage will diesel vehicles account for in your passenger cars in 5 years? Average % of diesel cars EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK 82% 99% 63% 72% 75% 87% 97% 88% 93% 58% 66% 92% 87% Today Expected evolution in 5 years -2% -11% +2% -1% +6% -2% -4% -5% -7% -1% +1% +1% 0% 80% 88% 65% 71% 81% 85% 93% 83% 86% 57% 67% 93% 87% 5 years In medium companies size (less than 100 employees), the largest decrease is expected in Belgium.

46 Part of diesel in the fleet: today vs. in 5 years by company size % of diesel vehicles in the passenger vehicle fleet A23. What percentage do diesel vehicles account for in your passenger vehicle fleet? A24. In your opinion, what percentage will diesel vehicles account for in your passenger cars in 5 years? + Average % of diesel cars EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK 82% 98% 69% 63% 82% 92% 95% 86% 93% 65% 69% 94% 86% Today Expected evolution in 5 years -4% -14% +3% +4% -1% -5% -16% 0% -3% -5% -3% -1% -9% 78% 84% 72% 67% 81% 87% 79% 86% 90% 60% 66% 93% 77% 5 years In large and very large companies size (with 100 employees or more), the largest decrease is expected in France and Belgium. 46

47 % present and future use E28. Amongst the following technologies, which one do you consider to use? Development potential of new energies or technologies Total Already implemented Considered in the next 3 years Already implemented + considered Already implemented + considered Already implemented + considered At least one technology 27% 48% 21% 40% 36% 60% Hybrid 16% 32% 11% 26% 22% 42% Plug-in Hybrid 11% 25% 8% 19% 15% 33% CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) 5% 9% 3% 7% 7% 13% LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) 5% 10% 4% 9% 6% 12% Electric Vehicle 12% 28% 7% 21% 20% 38% Fuel Cell Electric / Hydrogen 2% 8% 1% 7% 2% 10% Nearly half of European companies have already implemented or expect to acquire at least one vehicle with alternative energies. Logically, the proportion of large fleets that have or expect to acquire at least one a these vehicles is higher. The most attractive energies are Hybrid / Plug-in hybrid and Full electric vehicles. 47

48 Development potential of new energies or technologies since last year % present and future use E28. Amongst the following technologies, which one do you consider to use? + Already implemented Considered in the next 3 years Already implemented + considered At least one technology % 33% 55% 49% Hybrid % 19% 39% 33% Plug-in Hybrid % 10% 30% 21% CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) % 5% 5% 7% 11% 9% 10% 11% Electric Vehicle % 13% 33% 25% Fuel Cell Electric / Hydrogen % 9% 1% 6% Increase in the Plug-in hybrid, Hybrid and Electricity attractiveness Low attractiveness of gas based solutions (CNG and LPG) Fuel Cell Electric / hydrogen is still considered as very innovative or futuristic. 48

49 % present and future use E28. Amongst the following technologies, which one do you consider to use? % Already implemented + considered Development potential of new energies or technologies At least one technology 70% 64% 58% 56% 54% 50% 47% 48% 39% 39% 38% 36% 22% EU NL UK CH FR LU BE IT DE ES PL PT CZ Half of companies already use or expect to acquire at least one vehicle with new or alternative energy. Higher scores are reached by the following countries: the Netherlands, UK, Switzerland, France, Luxembourg and Belgium. 49

50 % present and future use E28. Amongst the following technologies, which one do you consider to use? Development potential of new energies or technologies Hybrid / Plug-in Hybrid Hybrid % Already implemented + considered 32% 58% 54% 47% 39% 38% 36% 26% 23% 23% 22% 12% 11% EU NL UK FR LU BE CH ES DE PT IT PL CZ Plug-in Hybrid 25% 54% 39% 35% 33% 31% 25% 23% 19% 15% 13% 6% 5% EU NL UK LU FR BE CH DE PT ES IT PL CZ The high penetration of Hybrid and Plug-in hybrid technologies in The Netherlands could be explained by both the fact that the country was for a long time very ecologically-centered and the limited size of its territory. High attractiveness of Hybrid and Plug-in hybrid in UK and France that reach second and third position. 50

51 % present and future use E28. Amongst the following technologies, which one do you consider to use? Development potential of new energies or technologies CNG / LPG CNG % Already implemented + considered 9% 19% 14% 14% 13% 10% 10% 9% 5% 5% 5% 3% 3% EU IT DE UK CH BE NL CZ PL LU FR PT ES LPG 10% 27% 18% 16% 14% 10% 8% 7% 7% 6% 4% 3% 3% EU PL UK IT DE CZ NL CH LU PT BE FR ES The high penetration of CNG in Italy and LPG in Poland could be explained by the incentives given by the government in order to develop these technologies. Quite low attractiveness in the other countries. 51

52 % present and future use E28. Amongst the following technologies, which one do you consider to use? Development potential of new energies or technologies Electric / Fuel Cell Electric - Hydrogen Electric % Already implemented + considered 28% 44% 43% 38% 36% 36% 31% 30% 25% 22% 19% 6% 6% EU CH NL FR LU UK BE DE ES PT IT CZ PL FCE Hydrogen 8% 26% 15% 10% 10% 7% 6% 6% 6% 5% 4% 3% 1% EU UK DE PT ES NL BE CH LU IT CZ FR PL High attractiveness level of Electric Vehicles. FCE / hydrogen reaches very low attractiveness score, except for the UK: considered as too innovative or futuristic in most of countries. 52

53 53 II FINANCING

54 Main financing method % of the main financing method used to finance company vehicles B2. What is the main financing method used to finance your company vehicles today? Self purchase* Car credit Finance leasing Operating leasing Total 34% 3% 22% 41% 38% 4% 25% 33% 27% 2% 18% 53% *Self-purchase = outright purchase + credit (other than car credit) The larger the fleets are, the more they are to use Operating Leasing. One out of two companies with a large fleet uses Operating Leasing as its main financing method. On the other side, Self purchase is used as the main financing method by nearly 40% of companies with a medium fleet. 54

55 Main financing method by fleet size % of the main financing method used to finance company vehicles B2. What is the main financing method used to finance your company vehicles today? Self purchase* Car credit Finance leasing Operating leasing EU 38% 4% 25% 33% FR 22% 10% 21% 47% BE 39% 1% 15% 45% IT 31% 27% 42% CH 62% 5% 22% 11% LU 24% 5% 7% 64% NL 41% 1% 20% 38% CZ 37% 3% 31% 29% PL 45% 2% 48% 5% DE 39% 6% 22% 33% PT 33% 9% 38% 20% ES 36% 5% 15% 44% UK 41% 2% 25% 32% *Self-purchase = outright purchase + credit (other than car credit) Higher penetration of Operating Leasing is reached in Luxembourg (with a penetration higher than 50% even in medium fleets) and to a lesser extent in France, Belgium, Spain, Italy and the Netherlands (from 38% to 47%). 55

56 Main financing method by fleet size % of the main financing method used to finance company vehicles B2. What is the main financing method used to finance your company vehicles today? Self purchase* Car credit Finance leasing Operating leasing EU 27% 2% 18% 53% FR 17% 1% 7% 75% BE 13% 10% 77% IT 18% 17% 65% CH 63% 5% 18% 14% LU 17% 2% 6% 75% NL 19% 27% 54% CZ 42% 7% 4% 47% PL 36% 53% 11% DE 34% 4% 23% 39% PT 20% 1% 33% 46% ES 19% 2% 11% 68% UK 31% 3% 19% 47% *Self-purchase = outright purchase + credit (other than car credit) Higher penetration rates of Operating Leasing are reached in large fleets by the following countries: Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Spain and Italy. 56

57 Main financing method % of the main financing method used to finance company vehicles B2. What is the main financing method used to finance your company vehicles today? Self purchase* Car credit Finance leasing Operating leasing % 5% 28% 29% % 3% 24% 42% % 3% 29% 40% % 2% 28% 41% % 2% 20% 54% % 1% 23% 53% % 1% 22% 52% *Self-purchase = outright purchase + credit (other than car credit) Data have been consolidated: 3 years average for large and very large companies The larger the companies are, the more they are to use operating leasing as their main financing method. One very large company out of two uses Operating leasing as its main financing method. On the other side, proportion of companies using Self purchase or Car credit as their main financing method decreases when the company size increases. Results remain steady over the years. 57

58 Main financing method by company size % of the main financing method used to finance company vehicles B2. What is the main financing method used to finance your company vehicles today? Self purchase* Car credit Finance leasing Operating leasing EU 38% 5% 28% 29% FR 32% 14% 25% 29% BE 36% 2% 16% 46% IT 30% 34% 36% CH 61% 9% 23% 7% LU 16% 5% 11% 68% NL 57% 2% 17% 24% CZ 32% 3% 39% 26% PL 33% 2% 58% 7% DE 38% 8% 20% 34% PT 30% 10% 43% 17% ES 49% 8% 23% 20% UK 45% 2% 27% 26% *Self-purchase = outright purchase + credit (other than car credit) Amongst medium size companies, higher penetrations of Operating Leasing are reached in Belgium and Luxembourg, and to a lesser extent in Italy, France and Germany. 58

59 B2. What is the main financing method used to finance your company vehicles today? Main financing method by company size % of the main financing method used to finance company vehicles + Self purchase* Car credit Finance leasing Operating leasing EU 31% 2% 18% 49% FR 12% 1% 8% 76% BE 19% 9% 72% IT 22% 14% 60% CH 63% 3% 18% 16% LU 24% 1% 3% 68% NL 20% 25% 54% CZ 41% 6% 13% 40% PL 48% 1% 38% 6% DE 36% 1% 25% 38% PT 25% 1% 28% 45% ES 23% 3% 10% 64% UK 31% 2% 20% 42% *Self-purchase = outright purchase + credit (other than car credit) Amongst large and very large companies (with at least 100 employees), highest penetration rate of Operating Leasing are recorded in France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Spain and Italy. Highest penetrations are reached in the same group of countries whatever the company size. 59

60 Evolution of the main financing method % of the main financing method used to finance company vehicles B2. What is the main financing method used to finance your company vehicles today? B8. In the next three years, which methods of financing do you think you will develop? + 43% Self purchase* Car credit Finance leasing 45% 45% Operating leasing 47% Intention to develop 49% 28% 27% 27% 26% 27% 26% 29% 22% 30% 21% 2% 2% 2% 2% 4% *Self-purchase = outright purchase + credit (other than car credit) Data have been consolidated: 3 years average for large and very large companies. Since 2013, the penetration of the Operating Leasing method has continued to rise across large and very large companies. Over the last period, decrease in Finance Leasing and increase in Self Purchase. 60

61 Intend to develop each financing method % of companies that intend to develop each financing method * B8. In the next three years, which methods of financing do you think you will develop? Total Self purchase* Car credit Finance leasing Operating leasing 32% 34% 32% 26% 6% 8% 4% 3% 25% 41% 30% 29% 22% 20% 44% 56% *Self-purchase = outright purchase + credit (other than car credit) Operating Leasing is the financing method that most large and very large companies expect to develop in the future. In medium size companies, Self purchase, Finance leasing and Operating leasing appear to reach a similar level of attractiveness. 61

62 Intend to develop each financing method by company size % of companies that intend to develop each financing method * B8. In the next three years, which methods of financing do you think you will develop? EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK Self purchase* 34% 25% 48% 38% 42% 40% 36% 20% 20% 36% 26% 40% 47% Car credit 8% 5% 8% 13% 22% 7% 25% - 3% 1% 3% 12% 2% Finance leasing 30% 15% 27% 42% 30% 18% 39% 31% 10% 15% 62% 52% 19% Operating leasing 29% 33% 8% 25% 32% 19% 39% 48% 57% 19% 10% 28% 23% *Self-purchase = outright purchase + credit (other than car credit) In medium size companies, high attractiveness of Operating Leasing in Italy and Luxembourg. On the other side, low attractiveness in Poland and Switzerland. 62

63 Intend to develop each financing method by company size % of companies that intend to develop each financing method * + B8. In the next three years, which methods of financing do you think you will develop? EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK Self purchase* 30% 16% 58% 48% 40% 23% 16% 19% 24% 13% 31% 38% 27% Car credit 4% - 5% 8% 12% 3% 5% 2% 1% - 2% 3% 1% Finance leasing 21% 10% 18% 21% 24% 11% 16% 13% 12% 24% 47% 39% 26% Operating leasing 49% 56% 19% 43% 47% 63% 83% 61% 52% 39% 17% 57% 44% *Self-purchase = outright purchase + credit (other than car credit) In large and very large companies, high attractiveness of Operating Leasing in France, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Belgium and Luxembourg. 63

64 Intend to develop each financing method % of companies that intend to develop each financing method * B8. In the next three years, which methods of financing do you think you will develop? Total Self purchase* Car credit Finance leasing Operating leasing 32% 35% 27% 6% 7% 4% 25% 41% 27% 32% 22% 52% *Self-purchase = outright purchase + credit (other than car credit) Operating Leasing is the main financing method that larger fleets expect to develop. Company with medium fleets size expect to equally develop self purchase, finance leasing and operating leasing (very low attractiveness of car credit). 64

65 Intend to develop each financing method by fleet size % of companies that intend to develop each financing method * B8. In the next three years, which methods of financing do you think you will develop? EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK Self purchase* 35% 28% 52% 46% 43% 32% 30% 22% 20% 26% 33% 44% 41% Car credit 7% 4% 5% 8% 21% 5% 17% 1% 3% 1% 3% 12% 1% Finance leasing 27% 13% 25% 37% 31% 14% 33% 23% 10% 19% 54% 46% 21% Operating leasing 32% 33% 12% 30% 34% 39% 55% 49% 46% 26% 9% 33% 31% *Self-purchase = outright purchase + credit (other than car credit) When we focus on medium fleets segment, countries that most expect to develop Operating leasing are France, Spain, Italy and Luxembourg. On the other side, low attractiveness in Poland and Switzerland. 65

66 Intend to develop each financing method by fleet size % of companies that intend to develop each financing method * B8. In the next three years, which methods of financing do you think you will develop? EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK Self purchase* 27% 10% 57% 47% 38% 20% 16% 16% 24% 14% 20% 31% 24% Car credit 4% - 8% 11% 12% 2% 7% 1% 2% - 1% 1% 2% Finance leasing 22% 11% 16% 11% 23% 12% 15% 16% 12% 24% 56% 45% 28% Operating leasing 52% 60% 18% 51% 46% 71% 81% 66% 62% 42% 23% 55% 45% *Self-purchase = outright purchase + credit (other than car credit) When we focus on medium fleets segment, countries that most expect to develop Operating leasing are France, Spain, Italy and Luxembourg. On the other side, low attractiveness in Poland and Switzerland. 66

67 67 Global fleet growth potential in the next 3 years according to main financing method % which think that the total number of vehicles of their company fleet will A8. In the next three years, do you think that the total number of vehicles in your company fleet will B2. What is the main financing method used to finance your company vehicles today? Decrease Increase Balance 2016 Total Self purchase* 9% 30% +21% Car credit 7% 29% +23% Finance leasing 9% 27% +18% Operating leasing 10% 32% +23% *Self-purchase = outright purchase + credit (other than car credit) Balance = Fleet growth will increase Fleet growth will decrease No relation between the financing method used and the fleet growth potential of the fleet.

68 68 Global fleet growth potential in the next 3 years according to main financing method % which think that the total number of vehicles of their company fleet will A8. In the next three years, do you think that the total number of vehicles in your company fleet will B2. What is the main financing method used to finance your company vehicles today? Decrease Increase Balance 2016 Self purchase* 9% 29% +19% Car credit 7% 26% +19% Finance leasing 7% 29% +22% Operating leasing 6% 28% +22% *Self-purchase = outright purchase + credit (other than car credit) Balance = Fleet growth will increase Fleet growth will decrease No relation between the financing method used and the fleet growth potential of the fleet.

69 69 Global fleet growth potential in the next 3 years according to main financing method % which think that the total number of vehicles of their company fleet will + A8. In the next three years, do you think that the total number of vehicles in your company fleet will B2. What is the main financing method used to finance your company vehicles today? Decrease Increase Balance 2016 Balance 2015 Balance 2014 Self purchase* 9% 31% +22% +18% +12% Car credit Small basis 5% 35% +31% +33% +31% Finance leasing 10% 24% +14% +18% +15% Operating leasing 11% 34% +23% +14% +14% *Self-purchase = outright purchase + credit (other than car credit) Balance = Fleet growth will increase Fleet growth will decrease No clear relation between the financing method used and the fleet growth potential of the fleet.

70 70 III TELEMATICS

71 Use of Telematics % which has implemented telematics in their fleet E23. Have you implemented Telematics in part of your fleet? Telematics enables data transmission to monitor fuel consumption, driver behaviour, vehicle location... from vehicles on the move. Total 33% 29% 38% A third of the European companies have already implemented Telematics in their fleets. The penetration rate of Telematics is logically slightly higher amongst larger fleets. 71

72 Use of Telematics by fleet size % which has implemented telematics in their fleet E23. Have you implemented Telematics in part of your fleet? Telematics enables data transmission to monitor fuel consumption, driver behaviour, vehicle location... from vehicles on the move. EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK 29% 18% 18% 49% 13% 27% 20% 19% 21% 42% 33% 38% 44% When we focus on medium size fleets, most advanced countries on Telematics subject are Czech Republic, UK and the Netherlands. 72

73 Use of Telematics by fleet size % which has implemented telematics in their fleet E23. Have you implemented Telematics in part of your fleet? Telematics enables data transmission to monitor fuel consumption, driver behaviour, vehicle location... from vehicles on the move. EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK 38% 26% 20% 72% 36% 54% 26% 19% 31% 44% 60% 30% 52% When we focus on large fleets, most advanced countries on Telematics subject are Czech Republic, Poland, Spain and UK. 73

74 Use of Telematics % which has implemented telematics in their fleet E23. Have you implemented Telematics in part of your fleet? Telematics enables data transmission to monitor fuel consumption, driver behaviour, vehicle location... from vehicles on the move. Total 33% 30% 34% 36% A third of the European companies have already implemented Telematics in their fleets. The penetration rate of Telematics is logically slightly higher amongst larger companies. 74

75 Use of Telematics by company size % which has implemented telematics in their fleet E23. Have you implemented Telematics in part of your fleet? Telematics enables data transmission to monitor fuel consumption, driver behaviour, vehicle location... from vehicles on the move. EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK 30% 25% 20% 37% 18% 24% 25% 19% 23% 51% 38% 37% 47% When we focus on medium size companies, most advanced countries on Telematics subject are Czech Republic, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal and UK. 75

76 Use of Telematics by company size + % which has implemented telematics in their fleet E23. Have you implemented Telematics in part of your fleet? Telematics enables data transmission to monitor fuel consumption, driver behaviour, vehicle location... from vehicles on the move. EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK 35% 19% 18% 65% 28% 41% 21% 19% 28% 37% 47% 32% 46% When we focus on larger companies, most advanced countries on Telematics subject are Czech Republic, Poland, Spain and UK. 76

77 77 % which has implemented telematics in their fleet Use of Telematics E23. Have you implemented Telematics in part of your fleet? Telematics enables data transmission to monitor fuel consumption, driver behaviour, vehicle location... from vehicles on the move. + 28% 35% The proportion of companies using Telematics has increased since 2013 in Europe: +7 points.

78 Purposes for using Telematics Primary purpose for using Telematics E25. What is the primary purpose in your company for using Telematics? Basis : use telematics = 100% As a vehicle locator/tracker 37% 43% 33% Reduce fuel consumption 19% 16% 20% Improve safety of your drivers 11% 11% 12% Monitor driving behaviours 12% 9% 15% Monitor unauthorised use 6% 8% 6% Monitor technical car data to reduce maintenance costs 10% 9% 11% Telematics are mainly used in order to reduce fuel consumption or to monitor driving behaviours. No major differences between companies sizes. 78

79 Purposes for using Telematics Primary purpose for using Telematics E25. What is the primary purpose in your company for using Telematics? Basis : use telematics = 100% As a vehicle locator/tracker 35% 33% Reduce fuel consumption 15% 20% Improve safety of your drivers 7% 12% Monitor driving behaviours 12% 15% Monitor unauthorised use 9% 6% Monitor technical car data to reduce maintenance costs 11% 11% Compared with 2013, Telematics tend to be more often used in order to reduce fuel consumption, monitor driving behaviours and to improve safety of the drivers. 79

80 80 Usefulness of mobile apps % which consider mobile apps to support fleet management as useful T10. Would you consider mobile apps... %YES Total A useful tools to support your fleet management 61% 57% 67% Make your drivers save time 56% 53% 60% Influence the way your employees use their means of transport 48% 47% 49% Fleet managers are interested in mobile apps: 6 out of 10 mention they consider mobiles app as useful. Interest is noticed amongst both medium and large fleets.

81 81 Usefulness of mobile apps % which consider mobile apps to support fleet management as useful T10. Would you consider mobile apps... %YES EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK A useful tools to support your fleet management 57% 50% 41% 59% 33% 83% 39% 50% 48% 57% 69% 89% 54% Make your drivers save time 53% 47% 44% 69% 22% 76% 35% 47% 54% 47% 49% 85% 51% Influence the way your employees use their means of transport 47% 41% 27% 55% 21% 74% 37% 45% 39% 33% 58% 79% 50% Amongst medium fleets, countries most interested in mobile apps are Portugal, Spain, Poland and Czech Republic.

82 82 Usefulness of mobile apps % which consider mobile apps to support fleet management as useful T10. Would you consider mobile apps... %YES EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK A useful tools to support your fleet management 67% 61% 54% 79% 36% 88% 72% 57% 55% 71% 85% 89% 71% Make your drivers save time 60% 59% 51% 74% 17% 86% 58% 54% 57% 60% 69% 84% 64% Influence the way your employees use their means of transport 49% 45% 31% 49% 26% 73% 51% 37% 45% 41% 68% 81% 52% Amongst large fleets, countries most interested in mobile apps are Portugal, Spain, Poland and Czech Republic.

83 % of interest in mobile apps designed for fleet managers T12. For each following mobile app designed for fleet managers, please tell me Interest in mobile apps designed for fleet managers Total Already have Would like to have Have or would like to have Have or would like to have Have or would like to have Drivers behaviour report App 15% 50% 13% 47% 19% 55% Remote access to car data App 16% 48% 14% 45% 19% 51% Consolidated dash board App 15% 44% 11% 38% 22% 52% An app that sends you alerts about a vehicles condition and reminds you when you have to renew them 16% 60% 13% 57% 20% 64% An app giving advice to help you choose your next fleet vehicles 6% 29% 4% 27% 8% 32% An app allowing you to follow all your employees mobility expenditure 12% 44% 10% 41% 16% 48% The most attractive app for European fleet managers is the one that send alerts about vehicles conditions and remind when to renews them. No major differences regarding fleet size. 83

84 Attractiveness of a service using telematics in order to reduce fleet costs % of interest in the service E30. If a company offered you a service proven to reduce fleet costs by using vehicle data from telematics, would you be interested? %YES Total 38% 37% 40% Less than 4 out of 10 European fleet managers are interested in a service proven to reduce fleet cost by using Telematics. No major differences between fleets size. 84

85 Attractiveness of a service using telematics in order to reduce fleet costs % of interest in the service E30. If a company offered you a service proven to reduce fleet costs by using vehicle data from telematics, would you be interested? %YES 38% 57% 54% 51% 43% 41% 41% 40% 38% 37% 29% 17% 15% EU PT ES IT FR BE PL UK LU CH NL DE CZ The most interested countries in this service proven to reduce fleet cost by using Telematics are Portugal, Spain and Italy. 85

86 Reasons of no interest in a service proven to reduce fleet cost % reasons of no interest E31. For which reasons are you not interested to use such a system in your company fleet? Basis : not interested or don t know = 100% Total EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK You think that such a system isn t efficient enough now 20% 14% 18% 26% 28% 16% 32% 9% 15% 13% 22% 13% 20% You don t have telematics in your fleet 25% 10% 31% 14% 28% 23% 52% 39% 21% 8% 29% 32% 27% Data privacy issues 33% 35% 33% 23% 41% 16% 64% 25% 56% 26% 20% 17% 33% Data privacy issues is the main factor that hinders the willingness to acquire such app proven to reduce fleet cost (except Spain, Portugal and Italy, the three countries most interested in this app). 86

87 Part of telematics and other information sources when looking for technical information Part of main sources of information T13. Which are your main sources of information when you are looking for technical information related to your fleet management (such as safety, specifications of vehicle model, costs )? Total Specialized press 35% 30% 41% Websites 59% 58% 61% Blogs and consumers feedbacks 20% 19% 21% Information from apps 12% 10% 13% Information from long-term lessor / leasing company 42% 36% 49% Information from car manufacturers 63% 61% 65% When people responsible for car policies are looking for technical information, the leasing company appears to be one of the top 3 main information sources, behind information delivered by car manufacturer and websites. No major differences between fleets size. 87

88 88 IV SAFETY

89 Vehicles options to improve safety on Passenger Car and LCV Usefulness degrees of vehicle options C19. For each following vehicle option I am going to read you, could you please tell me if you think it is in terms of safety Essential Useful Nice to have Passenger Cars Light Commercial Vehicles Autonomous emergency brake 26% 88% 24% 81% Night vision system 12% 77% 11% 71% Adaptive Cruise Control 15% 83% 14% 76% Line change warning 15% 82% 15% 75% Adaptive light control 13% 83% 12% 77% Fleet managers appear to be very interested in safety. Autonomous emergency brake appear to be the most important option in terms of safety according to the European fleets manager. No major differences are reported between cars and light commercial vehicles. 89

90 Usefulness degrees of vehicle options C19. For each following vehicle option I am going to read you, could you please tell me if you think it is in terms of safety Vehicles options to improve safety on Passenger Car and LCV Medium fleet Essential Useful Nice to have Passenger Cars Light Commercial Vehicles Autonomous emergency brake 24% 87% 23% 80% Night vision system 11% 76% 11% 69% Adaptive Cruise Control 13% 80% 13% 74% Line change warning 14% 80% 14% 73% Adaptive light control 13% 82% 11% 76% Same conclusions when we focus on medium fleets: Fleet managers appear to be very interested in safety. Autonomous emergency brake appear to be the most important option in terms of safety according to the European fleets manager. No major differences are reported between cars and light commercial vehicles. 90

91 Usefulness degrees of vehicle options C19. For each following vehicle option I am going to read you, could you please tell me if you think it is in terms of safety Vehicles options to improve safety on Passenger Car and LCV Large fleet Essential Useful Nice to have Passenger Cars Light Commercial Vehicles Autonomous emergency brake 29% 90% 25% 83% Night vision system 15% 79% 12% 73% Adaptive Cruise Control 19% 87% 15% 79% Line change warning 15% 84% 16% 78% Adaptive light control 14% 85% 14% 79% Same conclusions when we focus on large fleets: Fleet managers appear to be very interested in safety. Autonomous emergency brake appear to be the most important option in terms of safety according to the European fleets manager. No major differences are reported between cars and light commercial vehicles. 91

92 92 V AUTONOMOUS DRIVING CAR

93 % of agreement to use autonomous vehicle Acceptation of autonomous driving car by employees MM8_H. In the future, employees would easily accept to use autonomous vehicle, please tell me if you personally completely agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or completely disagree? Somewhat agree Completely agree Total ST Agree ST Agree ST Agree 31% 44% 30% 44% 32% 44% Less than 1 out of 2 European fleet managers mention that autonomous vehicle will be easily accepted by their employees. This proves that the autonomous vehicle will need to manage users fears or lack of knowledge before being adopted. No difference are reported between fleets size. 93

94 % of agreement C20. Do you think that in the future semi-autonomous or autonomous driving will solve safety issues? %YES Will the autonomous cars solve safety issues by fleet size Total 46% 45% 48% Less than 1 out of 2 fleet managers are already convinced that autonomous cars could solve safety issues. This certainly proves that the autonomous vehicle will need to manage users fears or lack of knowledge before being adopted. 94

95 95 % of agreement C20. Do you think that in the future semi-autonomous or autonomous driving will solve safety issues? %YES Will the autonomous cars solve safety issues by sector activity EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK Industry 45% 38% 46% 46% 32% 43% 51% 43% na 52% 40% 70% 31% Construction 48% 34% 40% 35% 45% 63% 38% na 52% 54% 41% 65% 43% Trade 47% 41% 56% 70% 46% 40% 48% 33% 52% 48% 48% 51% 27% Services 46% 46% 55% 39% 41% 52% 44% 41% 40% 48% 41% 65% 44% Small basis Very small basis A common statement in all the business sector.

96 % Yes, will solve safety issue Country position toward semi-autonomous vehicle versus other countries MM8_H. In the future, employees would easily accept to use autonomous vehicle, please tell me if you personally completely agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or completely disagree? C20. Do you think that in the future semi-autonomous or autonomous driving will solve safety issues? 70% Total 60% PT 50% CZ ES NL CH 40% DE IT BE UK PL LU FR 30% 20% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% % Agree that employees would easily accept to use autonomous vehicle Countries the most favorable to autonomous or semi autonomous vehicles are Portugal, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France and Switzerland. On the other side, less favorable countries to autonomous vehicles are Italy, Germany and Czech Republic (even if they consider that autonomous vehicle will solve safety issues at the same level than the other countries). 96

97 % Yes, will solve safety issue Country position toward semi-autonomous vehicle versus other countries MM8_H. In the future, employees would easily accept to use autonomous vehicle, please tell me if you personally completely agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or completely disagree? C20. Do you think that in the future semi-autonomous or autonomous driving will solve safety issues? 70% 60% PT 50% CZ LU BE CH FR NL 40% DE IT PL UK ES 30% 20% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% % Agree that employees would easily accept to use autonomous vehicle Countries the most favorable to autonomous or semi autonomous vehicles are Portugal, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France and Switzerland. On the other side, less favorable countries to autonomous vehicles are Italy, Germany and Czech Republic (even if they consider that autonomous vehicle will solve safety issues at the same level than the other countries). 97

98 98 VI PERSPECTIVE IN TERMS OF MOBILITY

99 99 Correspondence table for MM8 items Item Long item (used in questionnaire) Short item (MM8_A) In the coming years, car sharing vehicles will expand in your company Car sharing vehicle will expand in companies (MM8_B) Owning a personal company vehicle is an asset that most of your employees would be ready to give up for alternative mobility like bicycle, train, bus or car sharing Employees would be ready to give up personal company vehicles for alternative mobility (MM8_C) In the future, youngest employees generation would easily accept to use car sharing facilities instead of a company car if providing them with some advantages in return like mobility budget* or financial rewards. Youngest employees generation would easily accept to use car sharing facilities (MM8_D) (MM8_E) (MM8_F) In the future, car sharing would make available vehicles for a larger share of employees The employees of your company consider that having a company car individually allocated is a reward from the company Allocate a mobility budget to your employees would be considered by them as an advantage or a reward Car sharing would make available vehicles for a larger share of employees Company cars are considered as a reward Mobility budget would be considered as a reward Item MM8_H (In the future, employees would easily accept to use autonomous vehicle) is not displayed in this chapter because it s already done in a previous chapter.

100 Car sharing: attractiveness and obstacles % of agreement MM8. For each of the following statements I am going to read, please tell me if you personally completely agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or completely disagree? Completely agree ST Agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Completely disagree Don t know Car sharing vehicle will expand in companies 31% 11% 20% 22% 42% 5% Employees would be ready to give up personal company vehicles for alternative mobility 12% 3% 9% 24% 60% 5% Youngest employees generation would easily accept to use car sharing facilities 42% 10% 32% 19% 31% 8% Car sharing would make available vehicles for a larger share of employees 42% 13% 29% 20% 32% 6% Company cars are considered as a reward 59% 30% 29% 16% 20% 5% Mobility budget would be considered as a reward 55% 20% 35% 16% 22% 7% Car sharing appears to be a solution that could expand in companies even if employees that already have a company car won t be ready to give up for alternative mobility (a company car is considered as a reward). According to car policy managers interviewed, the youngest generation will more easily accept car sharing, and mobility budget could be considered as a reward as it is currently the case for company cars. This should help the expansion of car sharing. 100

101 101 Car sharing: attractiveness and obstacles % of agreement MM8. For each of the following statements I am going to read, please tell me if you personally completely agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or completely disagree? %ST AGREE Total Car sharing vehicle will expand in companies 31% 29% 35% Employees would be ready to give up personal company vehicles for alternative mobility 12% 12% 10% Youngest employees generation would easily accept to use car sharing facilities 42% 41% 44% Car sharing would make available vehicles for a larger share of employees 42% 40% 45% Company cars are considered as a reward 59% 57% 62% Mobility budget would be considered as a reward 55% 54% 56% No difference are reported between fleet size: Car sharing is a solution that could expand in both medium and large fleets company.

102 102 Car sharing: attractiveness and obstacles % of agreement MM8. For each of the following statements I am going to read, please tell me if you personally completely agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or completely disagree? %ST AGREE EU BE CH CZ DE ES FR IT LU NL PL PT UK Car sharing vehicle will expand in companies 31% 24% 30% 26% 21% 27% 43% 41% 37% 24% 35% 36% 32% Employees would be ready to give up personal company vehicles for alternative mobility Youngest employees generation would easily accept to use car sharing facilities Car sharing would make available vehicles for a larger share of employees Company cars are considered as a reward 12% 9% 16% 17% 12% 16% 5% 15% 9% 8% 11% 12% 11% 42% 49% 40% 20% 20% 33% 52% 55% 52% 41% 42% 56% 41% 42% 36% 40% 42% 15% 36% 65% 57% 58% 38% 43% 47% 26% 59% 75% 57% 34% 39% 51% 59% 67% 74% 62% 52% 78% 59% Mobility budget would be considered as a reward 55% 67% 51% 24% 19% 59% 63% 65% 78% 51% 54% 76% 54% Countries the most open to car sharing are France, Italy, Luxembourg, Poland and Portugal. Detailed results by countries show that car sharing could expand in countries that consider company cars as a reward or strongly attached to company cars (like Italy and Portugal).

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