Engineering Research Center for Future Renewable Electric Energy Delivery and Management (FREEDM) Systems

Transcription

1 Engineering Research Center for Future Renewable Electric Energy Delivery and Management (FREEDM) Systems Dr. Alex Huang Center Director Progress Energy Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering

2 FREEDM Systems Center A Generation-III Engineering Research Center (ERC) A ten-year, $40m program funded by NSF to conduct transformative engineering system research A multidisciplinary coalition of universities, industry, national laboratories, schools, and non-profits.

3 Center Vision To develop an efficient and revolutionary power grid-freedm System Utilizing revolutionary power electronics technology and information technology Integrating distributed and scalable alternative energy sources and storage with existing power systems Automate the management of load, generation and storage 3

4 Innovation & Industry Transformation

5 A Paradigm Shift like the Internet Pre-1980s Paradigm Shift Centralized Mainframes Internet Innovation & Industry Transformation Distributed Computing Shipping 250M pcs/yr. Ubiquitous ownership Ubiquitous use Ubiquitous sharing

6 Paradigm Shift for the Power Industry Today Paradigm Shift FREEDM System Centralized Generation New technologies for distributed renewable energy New energy companies based on IT and power electronics technologies Innovation & Industry Transformation Distributed Renewable Energy Resources (DRER) Ubiquitous sales Ubiquitous ownership Ubiquitous use Ubiquitous sharing

7 Today s Power Grid Substation Gas station Problems: Lack a plug-and-play user interface like USB in your computer Lack of communication and software (brain) to achieve automated management of large number of resources Lack of energy storage Power quality, reliability and efficiency need improvement Power plant Power plant

8 FREEDM System Capability A new delivery system to allow: Plug-and-generate of any DRER anywhere and anytime Plug-and-store of any Distributed Energy Storage Device (DESD) anywhere and anytime A new management system to manage Load, DRER and DESD: Distributed intelligence (i.e. operation system) Reliable and secured communication 8

9 Other Desirable System Features Can be isolated from the main legacy grid Perfect power quality Primary voltage regulated Secondary voltage adjustable on the fly for Demand Side Management Power factor = 1 Fault current limited Guaranteed system stability Improved efficiency through active management and operation with unit power factor Is the FREEDM System achievable? 9

10 Today s Computer Power System Silicon power electronics and digital electronics enables sophisticated power delivery and management. PCI Bus Intelligent Substation Battery (DESD) 12V Solid-State Transformer LOAD Intelligently managed Perfect power quality Plug and play Autonomous Fault tolerant Highly reliable Scalable 10

11 Legacy grid 1 MVA 10 kva 100 kva IEM: Intelligent Energy Management DRER: Distributed Renewable Energy Resource IFM: Intelligent Fault Management DESD: Distributed Energy Storage Device

12 Plug-in (Hybrid) Electric Vehicles Transportation consumes 2/3 of total energy. PHEV (PEV) is a key emerging technology Green if electricity is green Can serve as Distributed Energy Storage Devices (DESDs) Problems: Battery technology needs further development Lack of management system Not user friendly no plugand-play interface 12

13 Managing Millions of DESDs A Strength of the FREEDM System Total U.S. installed generation capacity = ~1,000 GW Current U.S. vehicle fleet = ~200 million vehicles By the year 2020, at least 10% will be PHEV or PEV with storage capacity of > 30 kwh/vehicle Vehicles are driven an average of 1 hour per day, connected to grid 23 hours/day 200 million vehicles x 10% x 30 kwh 600 GWh storage capacity

14 IEM IFM 14

15 Fundamental Science 4.5 kv, 125 o C, 150 kw/cm 2 Silicon Bipolar Technology 15 X improvement in speed*power 15 kv, 200 o C, 350 kw/cm 2 Silicon Carbide IGBT Technology and 600V, 100A GaN Technology Today s Advanced Li-ion Cell 3 X improvement in Li-ion energy*power density Cost reduction 10 X energy density in ultracapacitor Nanofiber Li-ion Cell (250WH/kg, 3.5 kw/kg, cycle) 15

16 13 kv IGBT prototype (Cree Inc.) Voltage Current Speed Enabling direct power conversion at medium voltage level (13.8 kv)

17 Enabling Technology 5 X size reduction 10 X weight reduction Solid State Transformer (SST) Conventional Transformer 12kV AC 480V AC Today s High Power Li-ion battery 5 kwh Distributed Energy Storage Device (DESD) 3 X reduction in size cost reduction 17

18 SST Capability (Voltage dip) Voltage (X1000V), Current (A) System Side Voltage Power Current time (s) 12 kv system side Voltage (V), Current (A) V- Side Power Voltage Current 120V user side time (s)

19 ERC Final Research Target 1 MW FREEDM Green Energy Hub A revolutionary renewable energy delivery system based on active power management using IEM and IFM subsystems A revolutionary management system based on a reliable and secured communication infrastructure and distributed control software Powers ERC headquarters and other facilities A testbed for third-party renewable energy, protection, AMI, storage technologies 19

20 Broad Industry Support New national coalition focused on electric energy infrastructure. Growing potential for leveraged support. 60+ committed industry partners. Large: Medium: Small: International:

21 ERC Education Program Pipeline of future engineers for green energy economy and graying power systems workforce Education program from middle school to Ph.D. Industry training and lifelong learning(short courses/monthly seminars/annual conference) Undergrad concentration in Renewable Energy Systems Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REUs) Masters degree program in Renewable Energy Systems Pipeline of future leaders, innovators, and creators for green energy economy Innovative ERC graduate student portfolio program Required for ERC graduate students across campuses

22 Projections (UN IPPC) Projected surface temperature changes ( relative to ) ( o C) Continued emissions would lead to further warming of 1.8ºC to 4ºC over the 21st century 22

23 Thank You