FREEDM Welcomes the Science Diplomats

Transcription

1 FREEDM Welcomes the Science Diplomats Rogelio Sullivan Deputy Director Ewan Pritchard Director of Industry and Innovation Future Renewable Electric Energy Delivery and Management FREEDM Systems Center

2 What is the FREEDM Systems Center NSF Engineering Research Center (ERC) focused on the Last Mile of the Electric Grid Research and Education for Solving the Demanding Societal Challenges for Merging Information Technology with Energy Technology Systems Driven, Comprehensive Projects from Across Engineering to Invest in People, Ideas and Tools for Discovery, Innovation and Learning Combine Research, Education & Industrial Engagement for Maximum Innovation and Impact 2

3 Center Vision To develop an efficient and revolutionary power grid Utilizing revolutionary power electronics technology and information technology Integrating distributed and scalable alternative energy sources and storage with existing power systems Automate the management of load, generation, and storage Building The Energy Internet

4 Major Program Drivers Research Energy storage, power electronics, post silicon devices, system modeling and control, communication, renewable integration Education K-12, undergraduate, graduate level Industrial Engagement and Innovation IP rights Active participation, hiring Entrepreneurship 12kV AC 480V AC

5 44 Industry Members Full (8): Associate (17): Affiliate (19): 11/03/10 Venture 2 Reality, LLC

6 Broad Industry Support A new national coalition focused on renewable electric energy infrastructure Growing potential for leveraged support 44 large, small, and international industry members Full, Associate, and Affiliate members from various sectors Utilities Equipment Manufacturers Service / Design Technology Companies Other Small Businesses 12 innovation partners

7 ERC Education Program Pipeline of future engineers for green energy economy and graying power systems workforce: Continuum of programs from middle school to Ph.D. Industry training and lifelong learning New undergrad concentration in Renewable Energy Systems Research Experiences for Undergraduates (94 over 5 years) New M.S. program in Renewable Energy Systems ERC research findings to be integrated in new and existing courses Pipeline of future leaders, innovators, and creators for green energy economy: Innovative ERC graduate student portfolio program Required and assessed for all ERC graduate students

8 IT Paradigm Shift Pre-1980s Paradigm Shift Centralized Mainframes Internet Innovation & Industry Transformation Distributed Computing Shipping 250M pcs/yr. Ubiquitous ownership Ubiquitous use Ubiquitous sharing Plug n play capability

9 Paradigm Shift for the Power Industry Today Paradigm Shift Centralized Generation New technologies for distributed renewable energy New energy companies based on IT and power electronics technologies Innovation & Industry Transformation Distributed Renewable Energy Resources (DRER) Ubiquitous sales Ubiquitous ownership Ubiquitous use Ubiquitous sharing

10 United States Utility Grid ISOs

11 Smart Grid 1.0 (now-5 years) Bi-directional Communication Demand Side Management via device modulation Automated Meter Reading Enhanced interfaces for billing and load control such as web portals and thermostat readouts Enhanced reclosure Self healing grid

12 Smart Grid 2.0 (5-10 years) Increased penetration of renewables Added energy storage through: Large scale storage Neighborhood storage PHEV/PEV More robust and secure communication Distributed Control Adaptive Control Clouds

13 Research Program Linkages

14 FREEDM System Legacy grid User Interface Market & Economics RSC 69kV AC AC FREEDM Substation Distributed Grid Intelligence (DGI) 1 MVA IEM IFM ESD 12kV IFM AC AC 10 kva IFM AC AC 100 kva IEM 120 V IEM 3Φ 480V LOAD DRER DESD LOAD DRER DESD IEM: Intelligent Energy Management IFM: Intelligent Fault Management DRER: Distributed Renewable Energy Resource DESD: Distributed Energy Storage Device

15 A closer look at a future business IFM 12kV AC Bus Bi-directional flow IFM Energy Router 120V AC DGI IEM 20 kva SST Communication 400V DC BUS DC DC DC DC DC AC LOAD LOAD UCAP/ Li-Ion PV Variable AC Generator SST: Solid State Transformer DGI: Distributed Grid Intelligence DESD DRER DRER

16 1 MW FREEDM Green Energy Hub 20,000 sf. ERC Building 5,000 sf. high bay space to house the 12 kv FREEDM system High bay space Co-designed with utility partners. Real-world Test-bed for ERC and industry technologies Third-party renewable energy resources (solar, wind, FC) Plug-in vehicles connected to FREEDM System 16

17 Questions?

18 Focus on smart grid development in which plug-in hybrid and electric vehicle is a key component Accelerate plug-in hybrid and electric vehicle development ATEC founders:

19 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) provide many benefits for the transportation & energy sector including: > Reduced oil consumption > Reduced Green House Gas (GHG) emissions > Reduced fuel cost to consumers > Increased transportation fuel diversity > Increased operational efficiency of power grid > Synergies with renewables, specifically wind and solar > Providing backup power

20 Hybrid Vehicle Sales Forecast - U.S. Market Source: "Autos and Auto-Related, Plug in Hybrids: The Next Automotive Revolution," Morgan Stanley Report, p.13, March 11, 2008

21 PHEV Sales Forecast - Global Markets Source: The Global Outlook for PHEVs: Business Issues, Technology Issues, Key Players, and Market Forecasts, Pike Research Report, 3Q 2009

22 Focus on typical commuter Graphic: Courtesy Britta Gross, GM

23 Where is the car? Graphic: Courtesy Britta Gross, GM

24 Major Challenges of PHEV/PEV Advanced Storage > Energy Density > Power Density > Cycle Life - Increased cycle life with deeper discharge > Cost - Li-Ion battery costs reduced from Currently: $1000/kWh Target: $300/kWh > Safety Power electronics and electric motors (rare earth metal supply) Major paradigm shift for utilities and consumers Power quality and energy management Charging and metering infrastructure Communication and control Unknown consumer behavior Round 3 for the EV!

25 It takes about 15 years for a technology to reach maximum penetration in new vehicle sales and another 15 years for the technology to be ubiquitous. 100% 75% 50% 25% 0% Policy and incentives can accelerate market penetration. Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2006, EPA420-R-011, July 2006, p. 62

26 Current Research Vehicle Systems > Hybrid drive optimization > EV modeling and test bed > Vehicle test and demo Energy Storage > Li-ion anode and separator material development > Cell and pack development, testing > Secondary Traction Battery Utilization Infrastructure > Grid interactions > Parking infrastructure optimization > Charging systems

27 Our Approach: Nano-fiber-Based Li-Ion Batteries Lithium-ion batteries using novel nanofiber technology have: High energy and power densities Wide operating temperature range Long cycle life High columbic efficiency Low self-discharge No memory effect Low cost and hence these long-life, highperformance batteries weight less, take less space, and deliver more energy.

28 High-Energy Nanofiber Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes Electrospinning Technology Electrospun Nanofibers Nanofiber-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries Human hair with electrospun nanofibers in the background

29 Terminal Voltage / v Terminal Voltage / v Input Current / A Research on Battery Modeling and Monitoring Battery Test Setup 10 A Pulse Discharge for Parameter Extraction Time / s x 10 4 Comparison between Experimental data and model output Battery Monitoring Hardware Prototype Experimental Data Model Output Time / s x 10 4 To develop universal hardware to measure the battery state in dynamic applications such as PHEV and EV

30 EMS - Charging Station Timeline SoC in = 40% T plug out = 11:36 am SoC in = 70% A D T plug out = 10:40 am C 8:00 am 9:00 am SoC in = 0% E 10:00 am 11:00 am 12:00 am 1:00 pm T plug out = 10:17 am B SoC in = 10% SoC in = 50% T plug out = 11:22 am T plug out = 1:04 pm

31 SoC at Plug-out (%) EMS - Simulation Results Summary Comparison of Allocation Strategies Equal Priority Assgnmt Dynamic Priority Assgnmt Optimal Allc for SoC Maximization Power allocated in the Optimal Allocation for SoC Maximization A B C D E 0 Car A Car B Car C Car D Car E Vehicle The overall improvement in SoC at plug out with the Optimal Allocation scheme is 63.5% w.r.t Equal allocation and 57% w.r.t Dynamic Priority Assignment The Optimal Allocation scheme maintains a uniformity or fairness amongst all vehicle and also guarantees a high SoC for the vehicles at completion time The vehicle with lowest starting SoC and shortest time of availability gets higher priority over others, at the same time, the other vehicles are not starved of power

32 Develop Bi-directional Multi-function Charger Battery Charger Vehicle to grid(v2g) Vehicle to home(v2h) grid Grid input to Split-phase transformer Net metering Battery Ground Fault Detector DC/DC grid-connected converter PHEV Home Load Battery Charging relay Vehicle to Home Grid Connection Main Distribution Panel at Home Circuit breaker Branch circuit Utility Vehicle Plug to grid Design a bi-directional multi-function battery charger to implement the grid interconnection of a PHEV with a household electric system

33 Questions?