ANALYSIS OF OVERCURRENT PROTECTION RELAY SETTINGS OF A COMMERCIAL BUILDING NURUL SYAQIRAH BINTI MOHD SUFI UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

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1 ANALYSIS OF OVERCURRENT PROTECTION RELAY SETTINGS OF A COMMERCIAL BUILDING NURUL SYAQIRAH BINTI MOHD SUFI UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

2 ANALYSIS OF OVERCURRENT PROTECTION RELAY SETTINGS OF A COMMERCIAL BUILDING NURUL SYAQIRAH BINTI MOHD SUFI This thesis is submitted as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Bachelor of Electrical Engineering (Hons.) (Power Systems) Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang DECEMBER 2016

3 SUPERVISOR S DECLARATION I hereby declare that I have checked this thesis and in my opinion, this thesis is adequate in terms of scope and quality for the award of the degree of the Bachelor Degree of Electrical Engineering (Hons.) (Power Systems). Signature : Omaraliman Name of Supervisor : OMAR BIN ALIMAN Position : LECTURER Date : 16/12/2016 iv

4 STUDENT S DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work in this thesis is my own except for quotations and summaries which have been duly acknowledged. The thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted for award of other degree. Signature : Syaqirah Name : NURUL SYAQIRAH BINTI MOHD SUFI ID Number : EC13070 Date : 16/12/2016 v

5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like to express my greatest gratitude to Allah S.W.T the almighty, for His help and support during the course of life and moment of truth. Alhamdulillah. I would like to extend my gratitude to many people for the successful completion of this project in due course of time. I would like to thank my supervisor for these two semesters, Mr. Omar bin Aliman for his germinal ideas, invaluable guidance, continuous encouragement and constant support in conducting this project till the end. I am truly grateful for his tolerance of my naïve mistakes and the time that he spent proofreading and correcting my mistakes. The author is thankful to the authorities and staff of the Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering for providing technical assistance and guiding throughout the work. Last but not least, I would like to thank my family, friends and those who are directly or indirectly involved in ensuring the completion of this thesis. Thank you for all the supports and encouragement. Their advice over the years has been of equal importance. vi

6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SUPERVISOR S DECLARATION STUDENT S DECLARATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT ABSTRAK TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES iv v vi vii viii ix xii xiii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Problem Statement Objective Scopes of the Project Thesis Outline Summary 5 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction Fault Occurrences 6 ix

7 2.3 Type of Faults Power System Protection Protection System Components Current Transformer Voltage Transformer Protection Device (Overcurrent Relay) Circuit Breaker Zones of Protection Distribution System Network Distribution Feeder Analysis Load Flow Analysis Short Circuit Analysis Relay Setting and Coordination 15 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction Flow Chart for Project Development Collecting Data Circuit Design of Commercial Building Overcurrent Relay and Earth Fault Setting from the Commercial Building Modelling Design using ETAP Software Simulation of Load Flow Analysis Simulation of Short Circuit Analysis Overcurrent Relay Setting Plug Setting 33 x

8 3.7.2 Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) Time Setting Multiplier (TSM) Relay Coordination Method Summary 37 CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Introduction Load Flow Analysis Results and Discussion of Load Flow Analysis Fault Analysis Effect of Changing Fault Location and Fault Type Effect of Changing the Breaker Control Relay Coordination Overcurrent Relay Data of the Commercial Building Manual Calculation Plug Setting (PS) Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) Time Multiplier Setting (TMS) Relay Setting in ETAP Summary 75 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION 5.1 Conclusion Future Recommendation 77 REFERENCES 78 xi

9 LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page 3.1 OC and EF setting for Incoming TNB OC and EF setting for Feeder to Library OC and EF setting for Incoming Library Modelling s Equipment ETAP Branch Losses Summary Report Summary Report Data of Short-Circuit Current of Normal Condition (ACB C OPEN) VS Eleven Cases of ACB Fault Current of Relays Parameter of Overcurrent Relays Comparison Result of Manual Calculation and Star View Result 72 xii

10 LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Title Page 2.1 Types of transmission line faults Power System Protection Components IDMT Relay of IEC Characteristic with TMS = The zones of protection system (Primary and Back up protection) The Single Line Diagram of a Simple Distribution Substation Flow chart of the Project The Summarized Circuit Design from the Substation ETAP Software Version Step 1 Create New Project One-Line Diagram (Edit Mode) Complete One-Line Diagram Modelling Design Set up rating of equipment Setting for categories Loading Categories Generation Categories Voltage percentage of Power Grid Voltage percentage for Lump Load Load flow icon Selection of Categories Load flow Analysis Summary of Load Flow Report Short circuit icon Display Option Icon 29 xiii

11 3.19 Fault Type Short Circuit Report Manager Short Circuit Analysis The steps of Determining Overcurrent Relay Setting Method of Relay Coordination The selection of Primary and Backup Relay Setting of Overcurrent Relay on ETAP ETAP Star View Load flow result for a normal condition (ACB C open) Load Flow Analysis Case 1 (ACB A open) Load Flow Analysis Case 2 (ACB B open) Load Flow Analysis Case 3 (ACB A and ACB D open) Load Flow Analysis Case 4 (ACB A and ACB E open) Load Flow Analysis Case 5 (ACB A and ACB F open) Load Flow Analysis Case 6 (ACB B and ACB D open) Load Flow Analysis Case 7 (ACB B and ACB E open) Load Flow Analysis Case 8 (ACB B and ACB F open) Load Flow Analysis Case 9 (ACB C and ACB D open) Load Flow Analysis Case 10 (ACB C and ACB E open) Load Flow Analysis Case 11 (ACB C and ACB F open) Graph of amount voltage drop of normal condition (C open) versus the 11 cases of condition of the circuit breakers Short Circuit Current at Bus A Short Circuit Report at Bus A Short Circuit Current at Bus B Short Circuit Report at Bus B Short Circuit Current at Bus C Short Circuit Report at Bus C 53 xiv

12 4.20 Short Circuit Current at Bus D Short Circuit Report at Bus D Short Circuit Current at Bus A, Bus B, Bus C and Bus D Short-Circuit Summary Report of I"k for Bus A, Bus B, Bus C and Bus D for four different types of fault; 3-PHASE, LG, LL and LLG Overcurrent Relay Setting of Real Data for Bus A and Bus B Calculated real data for Normal Inverse (Type A) at TMS Relay 6 operated as primary protection OCR 4 is operated as backup protection OCR 2 operated as back up of OCR 4 and Relay OCR 1 operated as backup of Relay 6, OCR 4 and OCR 2 for source protection Star View of primary protection Relay 6, and backup protection OCR 4, OCR 2 and OCR Fault on Bus D Star View of Relay Coordination when Fault at Bus D Star View of All Relays 72 xv

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