The role of the DSO in the emobility first results of Green emotion project

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1 The role of the DSO in the emobility first results of Green emotion project Federico Caleno Head of Special Projects and Technological Development Network Technologies Infrastructure and Networks Division November 30th, 2012

2 DB Enel Electric Vehicle recharging infrastructure E-Mobility Control System Web server Internet GSM/GPRS Intranet SMS External stakeholders System operator Mail server Corporate stakeholders SCADA Systems Designed and Certified Implemented Delivered 1

3 EV recharging infrastructure features MW-h EVs charge during off-peak hours % to 4% additional peak Baseline Simple Infrastructure Smart infrastrucute Case study: 4 million EVs will require more than 24 GWh per day Clients usual behaviors implies EVs connection in peak time Smart infrastructure is essential to delay recharge in off-peak times Arrive at office Arrive at home Using a smart infrastructure, vehicles shall mainly be charged during off-peak hours when there is more energy from renewable sources.

4 Enel EV charging stations The Street Pole. The answer for recharging EVs in public spaces. CHARGING SOLUTIONS The Wall Box. A custom solution for recharging at home. Polyphase. Up to 20 kw. 2 different EV sockets. A charge once a time. Functionalities Network access with RFID ID card. Single phase. Up to 3,3 kw. 2 different EV sockets. A charge once a time. Identification and authorization to charge from Clearing House. GPRS communication enabled. Power line communication enabled. Data acquisition and transmission of every single charge procedure. Remote monitoring and availability check. Recharge process remote control. All solutions embedded with revenue-grade smart-metering, ready for integration into the upcoming smart grid.

5 Enel new EV charging stations July 2010 May2012 September 2012 Ready-to-Market FIRST GENERATION SECOND GENERATION (product re-engineering) THIRD GENERATION (design to cost) GPRS EMM communication. Customer identification through RFID. Recharges remotely control. Customer info through display. Smart communication with EV. Pole supports 2 recharge at the same time. Integrated electronic board Mechanical redesign to optimize the manufacturing process. Master/Slave architecture. Recharge cable attached to the station. New manufacturing process.

6 Enel EV fast charging stations AC 43 kw fast charging station Full recharge in less than 30 minutes First prototype tested succesfully with new Renault Zoe

7 EV recharging infrastructure central system - EMM EVSE Operators EMMS Electric Vehicle Service Providers EVSE ENERGY VENDORS DSO OTHERS IMS B2B relationships Mobility SP T OTHERS Installing Activation Maintenance Asset manager CUSTOMERS CMS Clearing House Contracts RFIDs Services T B2C relationships

8 The EMM core functionalities The Brain for E-Mobility Power Grid Control Grid integration Multi DSO Activation Configuration Localization Infrastructure Management Customers Contracts Recharging services Contracts and services

9 EMM new services ipad, iphone, Android Apps Web portal and start/end recharge sms Charging stations booking EMM - Electro-Mobility Management Car manufacturers Data Centre communication Smart-Grid integration

10 Green emotion Demonstration Regions Cork Dublin Strasbourg Copenhagen/ Bornholm/Malmö Berlin Karlsruhe/Stuttgart Budapest In the Green emotion demo regions roughly 2,000 EVs were driving end of 2011 and more than 2,500 charging points were installed to supply electricity for them. This will increase to around 70,000 EVs and more than 80,000 charging posts in In total more than 380 Mio are spent in funded projects within these demo regions (plus private investments by Green emotion partners). Madrid Guipúzcoa Barcelona Pisa Rome Kozani Existing demonstration region Replication region Municipalities involved in Green emotion Malaga

11 What we have achieved so far First results from the data acquisition project in the Green emotion demo regions as input for evaluation on user behaviour, policies and user acceptance Standards: Which ones are currently in use and gap analysis - Green emotion is focusing on interfaces and identification Vision, strategy and policy of the Green emotion municipalities: reduce emissions and noise in the cities tax incentives, grants for buying an EV, e-parking, installation of public charging infrastructure, usage of bus lanes by EVs Overview on charging infrastructure and how to connect it to the grid ICT reference architecture for a marketplace system including protocol specifications and service use cases; implementation of first release started

12 Pan-european roaming Connection to CLEARING HOUSE in Q EU Clearing House

13 Interoperability National DSOs running pilot projects in Italy agreed on creating an unique contract ID linked to an energy contract to be signed with any energy vendor, in compliance with free market rules. E-mobility contracts can also be integrated with general purpose mobility cards, e.g. public transports card. Interoperability is already in place between Enel s and HERA s infrastructure. Pre-paid, billing and pay-per-use methods are enabled. 12

14 Grid-supporting opportunities of EVs As the EV market and particularly PHEV are about to enter in the rollout phase, ensuring the correct operation of the electrical system within technical standards is one of the main criteria which will have to be constantly fulfilled at all times in order to sustain a mass market. Electricity utilities industry is facing new challenges and opportunities due to the fact of recharging EVs and PHEVs through the local electricity grid, playing thus a critical role on the shape of the technology curve adoption for EVs. Furthermore, technological solutions must guarantee compliance with the innovative business scenarios that are being proposed by all stakeholders in the electro mobility field. Grid-supporting opportunities can be summarized with the load management or smart charging as seen from the user perspective. This means enabling an usage of the EV as a supporting load for grid needs, facilitating the DSO grid management issue at the start of the value chain and remunerating the end-user at the end of the value chain for the subsequent reduction of degrees of freedom. ENERGY SERVICE GRID INFRASTRUCTURE Charging fee components that might be reduced through smart charging. CHARGING FEE

15 Grid-supporting opportunities of EVs E-mobility framework for smart charging

16 Grid-supporting opportunities of EVs The DSO business model to enhance smart-grid integration Under test in Italy ( ENEL)

17 Grid-supporting opportunities of EVs Smart charging field tests in Italy with 5 EVs launched in the market in 2012 Identification of two charging strategies to be tested against EV capabilities with regards to noise injection into the LV grid by modulating the current fed into the EV. THD l thcl I 1 40 n 2 I 1 I 2 n I 1

18 Grid-supporting opportunities of EVs Example: EV number kw 2.5 kw Noise modulation is not correlated with fundamental modulation. Embedded EVs hardware is often not actively biased and noise performance worsten during smart charging.

19 Grid-supporting opportunities of Evs - Recommendations - OEMs should consider to improve embedded EV power electronics hardware to reduce noise impact in smart charging processes when the EV bias point is moved out of nominal power zone. Increase of noise injected in LV grid when EVs gets load-modulated could lead to grid reinforcements in massive scenario. This is completely in contrast to the original principle of deploying smart charging as a more effective solution than paving new copper wires in LV grid and may endanger the sustainability and reliability of smart charging value chain. Smart charging should lead to pricing incentives for the final customer. This means that charging fee could undergo local modulation according to the ancillary services provided to the DSO through the smart charging process involving the final customer and his contract with the EVSP.

20 Thank you for your kind attention 19