Thompson D. Metzka Lanzanova, MSc. Horácio Antonio Vielmo, DSc Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil

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1 South American GT-SUITE Conference June 2013 Thompson D. Metzka Lanzanova, MSc. Horácio Antonio Vielmo, DSc Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil Mario Eduardo Santos Martins, Phd Rafael Sari Paulo Romeu Moreira Machado, DSc Federal University of Santa Maria - Brazil

2 Why wet ethanol? ENERGY DEMAND 0% 5% 39% 95% 100% Sugar-to-Ethanol Production Process

3 Why Wet Ethanol? H2O% LHV COST

4 Objectives of this work To evaluate the performance parameters of a single cylinder spark ignited engine running on several water-in-ethanol blends; To study combustion stability for high water content fuel mixtures

5 Metodology o Experimental tests; Engine setup; Data acquisition and post-processing; o Computer simulation for combustion and heat release analysis and characterization.

Refrigeration system Forced air Bore (mm) 90 Stroke (mm) 105 Compression ratio 19:01 12:01 Displaced volume

6 Experimental Setup Item Characteristic Original Modified Engine Agrale M90 Cylinders 1 Strokes 4 Ignition type CI SI Fuel Diesel Ethanol Fuel Injection Swirl camber Port fuel indirect injection injection Refrigeration system Forced air Bore (mm) 90 Stroke (mm) 105 Compression ratio 19:01 12:01 Displaced volume (dm³) Intake Valve Open Intake Valve Close Exhaust Valve Open Exhaust Valve Close -36 BTDC 184 ATDC -204 BTDC 64 ATDC

7 Experimental Setup Spark plug

8 Experimental Setup

9 Experimental Setup Pressure Transducer AVL GH14D Pressure Transduce MPX4250AP

10 Experimental Setup DAQ board: National Instruments model USB-6259; NI Maximum Samples per second 1,25 MS/s; Mathlab Routine; o Transfer functions for pressure signals; o Pegging at BDC gas exchange phase; o mean value of 40 cycles;

11 Flow bench test: Experimental Setup

Test methodology Engine warm-up with E95W5 at 1200 RPM and 1800 RPM; Start testing with E95W5; o 1800 RPM; o A/F ratio control; o Brake control for constant BMEP; o Spark time adjust

12 Test methodology Engine warm-up with E95W5 at 1200 RPM and 1800 RPM; Start testing with E95W5; o 1800 RPM; o A/F ratio control; o Brake control for constant BMEP; o Spark time adjust for MBT; Fuel line clean up; Fuel change from less to higher water content (5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% water volumetric content). In the end of tests the lines were filled with E95W5;

13 GT-Power - SI Engine Modelling Process C press e C f = 0 T=450 K T=550 K Mh w = 2 Mh w =1,5

14 GT-Power - SI Engine Modelling Process Fuel Injection System Characterization Intake and Exhaust Boundary Conditions COMB. T Adm. T Exaust. (K) (K) MBT PF E95W E90W E80W E70W E60W

15 GT-Power - SI Engine Modelling Process HEAT RELEASE CALCULATION BASED ON IN-CYLINDER INSTANTANEOUS PRESSURE TPA - Three Pressure Analysis Burn Rate Calculation: o Uses intake and exhaust manifolds and in-cylinder instantaneou in-cylinder pressure data; o Enables gas exchange calculation; TPA parameters: o Combustion analysis ºCA increment = 0,1 CA; o Start of combustion parametrized according to experimental results; o Combustion is considered homogeneous;

16 Experimental Results FUEL Brake Torque (Nm) Brake Power (kw) Spark Advance ( CA BTDC) E95W E90W E80W E70W E60W

17 Experimental Results

18 Experimental Results

19 Simulated and experimental comparison

20 Simulated and experimental comparison GT-Power (mg/cycle) Experimental (mg/cycle) Percent Difference (%) Air and water = GT Power air E95W E90W E80W E70W E60W Ethanol E95W E90W E80W E70W E60W

21 TPA Results ºCA at Peak Pressure and Maximum in-cylinder pressure In-Cylinder Instantaneous Pressure

22 Heat Burned Release Fuel Fraction Rate TPA Results

23 TPA Results Burn Duration and Ignition Delay

24 TPA Results Burned In-cylinder and instantaneous Unburned Zone temperature Maximum Temperature

25 Conclusions Engine stable operation could be achieved with up to 40% of water volumetric concentration in the mixture; In all cases where water was added, engine thermal eficiency increased; o Until 30% of water in ethanol the volumetric eficiency increased; Fuel burn rate is reduced with increased water content; Water addition increased the anti-knock fuel characteristic; The combustion chamber design used in this works seems to be benefitial when used with high water content fuels;

26 Conclusions The use of water-in-ethanol concentrations above 20% can highly reduce the fuel cost compared to fossil fuels while increasing the energy life cycle balance; The use of wet ethanol can be a way to increase the efficiency of spark ignited engines with high pressure turbo-boost;

27 Aknowledgments The authors thank the financial support from CAPES, through a master scholarship grant for Lanzanova, T.D.M and from CNPq, through scientific productivity grants for Vielmo, H.A., and the CNPq Universal Project /

28 Thank you for your attention! Contact: Thompson D. M. Lanzanova, MSc. Mechanical Engineering Department Federal University of Santa Maria - Brazil lanzanova@mecanica.ufsm.br Mario Eduardo Santos Martins, Phd. Mechanical Engineering Department Federal University of Santa Maria - Brazil mario@mecanica.ufsm.br

ANALYSIS OF A SPARK IGNITION ENGINE FUELLED WITH HIGH WATER CONTENT ETHANOL

22nd International Congress of Mechanical Engineering (COBEM 2013) November 3-7, 2013, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil Copyright 2013 by ABCM ANALYSIS OF A SPARK IGNITION ENGINE FUELLED WITH HIGH WATER CONTENT