WITH BIO LUBRICANTS JATROPHA OIL, CASTOR OIL, NEEM OIL AND MINERAL OIL (SAE 20W50)

Transcription

1 and COMPARATIVE Mineral Oil (SAE 20W50), Anand STUDY Kalani OF and Rita FULL Jani, Journal JOURNAL Impact Factor BEARING (2015): WITH BIO LUBRICANTS JATROPHA OIL, CASTOR OIL, NEEM OIL AND MINERAL OIL (SAE 20W50) Mr. Anand Kalani 1, Mrs. Rita Jani 2 Volume 6, Issue 6, June (2015), pp Article ID: International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology IAEME: ISSN (Print) ISSN (Online) IJMET I A E M E 1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Government Engineering College Palanpur, India 2 Mechanical Engineering Department, Shantilal Shah Engineering College, Bhavnagar, India ABSTRACT The present study was carried with an aim of checking the feasibility of usage of bio-lubricants as a lubricant in hydrodynamic full journal bearing. Three bio-lubricants Castor oil, Neem oil, Jatropha oil and mineral oil SAE 20W50 is used alternatively to check the output of the journal bearing operating parameters. The results so generated put castor oil on first priority on the base of low operating temperature with comparison to other three lubricants. The performance of jatropha oil and neem oil are more or less equivalent to mineral oil SAE 20W50. The main intention was substitution of mineral oil for bio-lubricants. Key words: Bio-lubricants, Castor oil, Journal Bearing, Jatropha oil, Neem oil, Raimondi and Boyd. 1. HYDRODYNAMIC JOURNAL BEARING Journal bearings are essential machine components for compressors, pumps, turbines, internal-combustion engines, motors, generators, etc. In a journal bearing a shaft or journal rotates or oscillates within a close-fitting cylindrical sleeve (the bearing) and the relative motion is sliding (Figure 1). The journal and bearing surfaces are separated by a film of lubricant (liquid or gas) that is supplied to the clearance space between the surfaces. The clearance space permits assembly of the journal and bearing, provides space for the lubricant, accommodates unavoidable thermal expansions and tolerates any shaft misalignment or deflection. The basic purpose of a journal bearing is to provide radial support to a rotating shaft (1, 2, 3,). Figure 1 Full Journal Bearing 127

2 2. BIO LUBRICANTS Journal bearing uses massive amount of lubricant as it is operated on lift of shaft by oil film under pressure. The lubricant is subject to change at regular interval of time, which results in high amount of disposal of oil. This oil being non-degradable results in environmental pollution. Need of biodegradable oil in such type of application becomes eminent. Many bio lubricants are developed in recent years seeing the environmental effect of mineral lubricants. Bio lubricants are prepared from jatropha, castor seeds, groundnut seeds, sunflower seeds, cotton seeds etc. These oils have proved to be equivalent or having better performance than many mineral oils (4). The present study compares the effect on operating parameters of full journal bearing by use of bio-lubricants jatropha oil, castor oil and neem oil and finally compared with mineral SAE 20W50. The properties of the lubricants used for this study are listed in table 1. The data of full journal bearing required to calculate the output parameters are C; Application of journal bearing is taken Main bearing of four stroke oil engine (5,6). Table -1 Properties of Bio-lubricant (4) Lubricants Dynamic viscosity 0 Dynamic Density viscosity 0 Kg/m 3 sp. Heat J/Kg 0 C SAE 20W Jatropha Oil Neem Oil Castor Oil Raimondi and Boyd suggested the equation 1, where y = desired performance variable and the subscript of y is the L/D ratio at which the performance variable is being evaluated (78,). Equation-1 The desired performance variables arei. Sommerfield number (bearing characteristics number) S ii. Minimum film thickness ratio h 0 /C iii. Attitude Angle i.e. angle at which minimum film thickness is attained Φ iv. Friction coefficient variable f(r/c) v. Total bearing flow rate variable Q/rCNL vi. The ratio of side flow rate (in z-direction) to the total flow rate Q S /Q vii. Average to maximum pressure ratio P/P max viii. Position of maximum pressure(in degree) θ pmax ix. Termination of pressure wave angle (in degree) θ p0 128

3 3. RESULT The graphs represented shows the comparison of mineral oil SAE 20W50 with bio-degradable lubricants castor oil, neem oil and jatropha oil. All the graphs are constructed with respect to ratio of length to diameter (L/D). The parameters taken under consideration are mostly affected by change of lubricants in journal bearing. The parameters so considered are: (i) Maximum operating Temperature 0 C [Figure 2 ] (ii) A A g g wh ch f h c Φ [Figure 3 ] (iii) Maximum torque required N.m [Figure 4 ] (iv) Power loss during operation kw [Figure 5 ] (v) Quantity of oil supplied mm 3 /sec [Figure 6 ] (vi) Side leakage mm 3 /sec [Figure 7 ] (vii) Position of maximum oil film thickness 0 degree [Figure 8 ] (viii) Termination position of oil film 0 degree [Figure 9 ] Figure 2 L/D Vs Operating Temperature Figure 3 L/D Vs Attitude Angle Figure 4 L/D Vs Torque Figure 5 L/D Vs Power Loss 129

4 Figure 6 L/D Vs Oil Supplied Figure 7 L/D Vs Side Leakage Figure 8 L/D Vs Position of Max. Film Thickness Figure 9 L/D Vs Position of Film Termination 4. DISCUSSION The graphs data states the parameters of the journal bearing operated with different lubricants. Comparing the operating temperature of the bearing with different lubricants shows that castor oil lubricant gives optimum operating environment with low operating temperature ( C) on all range of L/D ratios. Castor oil has highest power loss than other three with generation of highest torque (4.312 N-m). Other two bio- lubricants neem oil and jatropha oil are equivalent to mineral oil SAE 20W50 on maximum parameters. 5. CONCLUSION Studying the results obtained all three Bio-lubricants castor oil, Jatropha oil and neem oil can replace mineral oil SAE20W50 on maximum fronts. The main point where bio lubricants are ahead is their biodegradability with acts as non pollutant for environment. Castor oil works on low operating temperature generates high torque but power loss is high, this is because of high viscosity. The viscosity of the castor oil reduces very rapidly as L/D ratio increases, so castor oil can be used for high L/D ratio journal bearings. 130

5 6. REFERENCES 1. E. Shigley and C.R. Mischke, L b c B g, M ch c Engineering Design, 6 th edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, Inc., New Delhi, E Sh g y C M ch, B g, Standard Handbook of Machine Design, 2 nd edition, J. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, T P b, D g f F B g, Th M c C y, w Y, M h M Aj, Sh Abb Ky G Z, C v S Between Bio Lubricants from Jatropha Oil, Neem Oil and Mineral Lubricant (Engen Super w/5 ), A ch, V,,,, 5, page D g D D B f E g, PSG C g f T ch gy, C b 6. Anand Kalani, Sandeep Soni And Rita Jani, Expert Knowledge-Base System For Computer Aided Design Of Full Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering & Technology (IJMET),Volume:6, Issue:8, Pages:46-58, A A B y, A S f h F B g A cation to analysis and Design: I ASLE T c, V,, 58, g Raimondi A.A. and Boyd J., A S f h F B g A c y D g : ASLE T c, V,, 58, g A A B y, A S f h F B g A c analysis and Desig : ASLE T c, V,, 58, g