ACCT: A significant reduction in real-world NO x emissions by extending the operating range of the Selective Catalytic Reduction system

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Anastasia Hodge
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1 ACCT: A significant reduction in real-world NO x emissions by extending the operating range of the Selective Catalytic Reduction system

Air pollution a global problem Air pollution is Europe s single largest environmental health risk, believed to be responsible for about 467,000 premature deaths a year 1, 71,000 of these are

2 Air pollution a global problem Air pollution is Europe s single largest environmental health risk, believed to be responsible for about 467,000 premature deaths a year 1, 71,000 of these are attributable to Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx). More than 60% of the EU recorded NO 2 concentrations are above the WHO Air Quality Guidelines (40 μg/m3) 2. Falling NOx emissions cannot keep pace with emissions targets Developments in EU-28 emissions, Comparison of NO x standards and emissions for (% of 2000 levels) 3 different Euro classes 4 Current technology limitations Current SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) systems use industry-standard AdBlue to provide the ammonia required to reduce NOx emissions into nitrogen and water. The current restriction in SCR operation is the result of AdBlue use which can form deposits during low-temperature operation resulting in exhaust blockages and engine damage. AdBlue Incomplete decomposition leading to: Rapid deposit formation Lower than expected ammonia generation requiring further hydrolysis on the SCR Catalyst Ammonia generation continues after dosing due to the decomposition of deposits Nitrogen oxide (NO X) emissions (in g/km) 1 European Environment Agency, 2016; 2/3/4 European Environment Agency, Air Quality in Europe, 2016

Innovative solution Loughborough s new technology allows a diesel engine s NOx reduction system to remain active throughout a whole real-world driving cycle, leading to significant reductions in

Using AdBlue, the ACCT (Ammonia Creation and Conversion Technology) enables the formation of ammonia, and thereby NOx reduction, at engine cold-start conditions and during low temperature periods of

Fully scalable technology Loughborough University has a fully-functional prototype installed on a hot-flow diesel engine exhaust simulation rig.

3 Innovative solution Loughborough s new technology allows a diesel engine s NOx reduction system to remain active throughout a whole real-world driving cycle, leading to significant reductions in exhaust emissions, greater power, and fuel economy. Using AdBlue, the ACCT (Ammonia Creation and Conversion Technology) enables the formation of ammonia, and thereby NOx reduction, at engine cold-start conditions and during low temperature periods of engine operation: an operating mode that has never before been possible with AdBlue -based SCR systems. Fully scalable technology Loughborough University has a fully-functional prototype installed on a hot-flow diesel engine exhaust simulation rig. Industrially significant results have been achieved with a prototype, scaled for a 500kW engine. The technology can be re-scaled for any engine size and easily integrates into existing SCR systems. It is anticipated that on-engine testing will be completed within one year. ACCT solution Rapid and complete decomposition: ACCT solution will not form deposits due to its low decomposition temperature and reliance on thermolysis alone Ammonia seen in full measure far quicker than with AdBlue Ammonia generation stops as soon as dosing stops

4 Industrially significant results The ACCT technology offers significant advantages over existing ammonia delivery systems for SCR which are unable to function effectively at low exhaust temperatures and can generate harmful deposits within a vehicle s exhaust. Ammonia (ppm) / Dose Rate (g/h) Exhaust Flow: 250kg/h Time (s) Dose Rate 200 C 150 C 100 C ACCT low-temperature response Generates ammonia at almost all exhaust temperatures Faster response for highly controllable ammonia delivery No deposit build-up, preventing any damage to the engine or after-treatment Ammonia (ppm) :00 05:00 10:00 15:00 20:00 25:00 30:00 35:00 Exhaust Flow: 250 C, 250kg/h Excellent ammonia response times and availability as low as 50 C with full decomposition from 100 C Time (mm:ss) AdBlue ACCT Rapid ammonia delivery It is common, in existing systems, for the decomposition of AdBlue to be only partially complete before its arrival at the SCR catalyst. This can lead to deposit creation and requires either the SCR catalyst or an additional hydrolysis catalyst to complete decomposition. With ACCT, decomposition is complete before the catalyst. So, there is no potential for the build-up of residue allowing the control system to react more quickly.

uk Jonathan Wilson Research Associate +44 (0)1509 227551 J.G.Wilson@lboro.ac.

5 Find out more ACCT has received considerable interest from tier 1 suppliers and manufacturers across the passenger and HDV sector. Graham Hargrave Professor of Optical Diagnostics +44 (0) G.K.Hargrave@lboro.ac.uk Jonathan Wilson Research Associate +44 (0) J.G.Wilson@lboro.ac.uk Mark Bennett Head of Intellectual Property Exploitation +44 (0) M.R.Bennett@lboro.ac.uk AWARDS INNOVATION FINALIST 2017 NATIONAL AIR QUALITY Awards 2017 INNOVATION FINALIST NATIONAL AIR QUALITY Awards 2017 LEADER LOW EMISSIONS VEHICLES FINALIST

HERCULES-2 Project. Deliverable: D8.8

HERCULES-2 Project. Deliverable: D8.8 HERCULES-2 Project Fuel Flexible, Near Zero Emissions, Adaptive Performance Marine Engine Deliverable: D8.8 Study an alternative urea decomposition and mixer / SCR configuration and / or study in extended