FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY STUDIES OF JATROPHA BIODIESEL AND ITS BLENDS FOR ENGINE PERFORMANCE

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1 International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 7, Issue 5, September October 2016, pp , Article ID: IJMET_07_05_032 Available online at Journal Impact Factor (2016): (Calculated by GISI) ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY STUDIES OF JATROPHA BIODIESEL AND ITS BLENDS FOR ENGINE PERFORMANCE Rajan Kumar Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIT Sindri, Dhanbad, India M.K. Mishra Department of Chemistry, BIT Sindri, Dhanbad, India S.K. Singh Former Director, BIT Sindri, Dhanbad, India Arbind Kumar Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIT Mesra, Ranchi, India ABSTRACT Fourier transform infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIR) is an established, non-destructive technique used to identify materials and can provide qualitative analysis of samples based on the absorption or transmittance of the infrared radiation that is passed through the sample. FTIR was used to evaluate the possible functional groups present in biodiesel. It is an easy way to identify the presence of functional groups in the sample and its structure based on the energies associated with the molecular vibration. In this work five samples were run through FTIR, the bonds as well as functional groups present are found to respond differently to the incoming radiation, due to variation in their molecular vibration.the response of the functional groups are characterized by observing the transmission of infrared radiations and comparing it with known standards in order to identify the type and the nature of functional groups present in the samples and found that Jatropha and its blends can be used as a fuel. Key words: Biodiesel, diesel, functional groups and FTIR. Cite this Article: Rajan Kumar, M.K. Mishra, S.K. Singh and Arbind Kumar, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry Studies of Jatropha Biodiesel and its Blends for Engine Performance. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 7(5), 2016, pp

2 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry Studies of Jatropha Biodiesel and its Blends for Engine Performance 1. INTRODUCTION Over the last two decades in India, there has been a tremendous increase in the number of automobiles. Currently, the motor vehicles population in India is about 180 million. This is specially a huge problem for a developing country like India. Combustion of fossil fuels in mobile sources for transportation has led to increase of pollutants such as CO, HC, NOx, SPM, and many other harmful compounds in the environment, and the resulting air quality deterioration and health effects especially in urbanized areas. Hence, an integrated approach for reducing emission from mobile sources is the most desirable in urban transportation. In this regards, alternative fuels and alternative drivetrains play a major role in emission mitigation. There are so many alternative forms of energy and most of them are only capable of generating thermal and electrical energy, whereas more than 40% of the world energy demand is in liquid form, therefore the use of Jatropha biodiesel as alternative liquid fuel. One of the options of utilizing Jatropha biodiesel as liquid fuel is the use of vegetable oils in diesel engines, however Jatropha vegetable oils cannot be directly used in these engines due to their high viscosities and in order to utilize vegetable oils successfully in diesel engines, their viscosities must be lowered [1-3]. In the present study Jatropha and its blends samples has beenanalysed from FTIR and results obtained from analysis were compare with the standard fuel diesel. 2. EXPERIMENTAL 2.1. Preparation of Oil Samples In order to investigate the fuel quality results Jatropha biodiesel and diesel were mixed with the help of mechanical magnetic stirrer. The mixing process was carried out at an ambient temperature and the samples were stir for one hour. The sample consists of the blend of Jatropha biodiesel and diesel along with the raw Jatropha biodiesel. The proportion of Jatropha biodiesel is varied from 10-30%, with the step of an increment of 10% by volume. Table1 Details of samples and their identification Sr No. Sample ID Quantity on volume basis (%) Jatropha Biodiesel 1. JB Diesel 2. D JB10D JB20D JB30D Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) The infrared spectra of liquid samples were recorded in the region cm -1 on Shimadzu Corpn, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer in auto mode in the CIF Centre, BIT Mesra Ranchi 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION FT-IR spectroscopy is a powerful method of classifying unknown compounds by identifying the functional groups present in the compounds. The IR portion of the electromagnetic spectrum lies between visible light and microwaves. It is divided into three regions; the near IR ( cm -1 ), mid IR ( cm -1 ) and far IR ( cm -1 ). Most organic functional group absorptions occur in the mid IR range, between 4000 and 400 cm-1. In the group frequency region, absorption bands are characteristic of specific functional groups (OH, NH 2, C=O, C-H, etc.). These appear at fairly constant positions, rather independent of the rest of the molecule. In the fingerprint region, vibrational frequencies are greatly 331

3 Rajan Kumar, M.K. Mishra, S.K. Singh and Arbind Kumar affected by the whole molecular structure and spectra are considered specific for a particular molecule. Some functional group absorption can be identified in the fingerprint region, especially below 1000 cm -1. The region between cm -1 is often congested with deformation (bending) bands and is difficult to interpret and many (but not all) bands in this region are sometimes ignored. The FTIR spectra of oil samples are shown in Figure 1 to Figure 5 and their assignment interpretation are given in Table 2. Figure 1 FTIR Spectrum of JB100 Figure 2 FTIR Spectrum of D

4 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry Studies of Jatropha Biodiesel and its Blends for Engine Performance Figure 3 FTIR Spectrum of JB10D90 Figure 4 FTIR Spectrum of JB20D80 Figure 5 FTIR Spectrum of JB10WPF20D

5 Rajan Kumar, M.K. Mishra, S.K. Singh and Arbind Kumar Table 2 FTIR functional groups of D100 and JB 100 and its blends Sample Id C-CH 3 Nonconjugate d conjug ated CH 2 CH 3 C-O -CH=CH- (trans) -C=CH 2 -CH=CH- (cis) JB D WPF10D WPF20D WPF30D From FTIR analysis of Diesel, Jatropha and different blends (Figure. 1-5 and Table.2) in accordance with the different types of functional groups are appeared. In according to wave number on the spectrum such as wave number 2964 cm -1 and 2858 cm -1, functional group is C-CH 3, wave number 1850 cm -1, 1747 cm -1 and 1699 cm -1 functional group is non-conjugated. The strong peak at 1750 (the C=O vibration) and around cm -1 (C-O vibration) are clear. There is no interference in the 1750 cm -1 region but the petroleum signals do interfere with the cm -1 region. Wave no cm -1 and 1602 cm -1 functional group is conjugated, wave number 1462 cm -1 and 1373 cm -1 functional group CH 2 /CH 3 etc. Wave number 1172 cm cm -1 functional group is C-O. In the end of the spectrum phase wave number 966 cm -1 functional group is CH=CH(trans) wave number 896 cm -1 and 893 cm -1 functional group CH=CH 2, wave number cm -1 and ultimately wave number 721 cm -1 and 696 cm -1 functional group is CH=CH (Cis).Different types of functional groups are found from the analysis such as some functional groups are bulky (C-CH 3 ) and some functional groups are compact (CH 3 )[4-5] These analysis show that spectra of different blends of Jatropha and diesel containing similar functional groups which suggest that different blends of JB100 and D100 have some common feature and can be used as fuels. 4. CONCLUSION FTIR spectrometry as an emerging technique for analysis of biodiesel even at low concentration was used for evaluating functional groups which indicate biodiesel reactivity and stability. All the absorption corresponding to C-O stretches reveal that the molecule contains ester functional groups. FTIR interpretation of biodiesel and their blends shows that all the oil samples have some common Functional group as diesel so can be used as a fuel on diesel engine. REFERENCE [1] Amish PV, Jaswant LV, Subramanian, N. A review on FAME production processes. Chemical Engineering Department, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India. Fuel Journal. 2010, 89(1) pp [2] Gaurav Paul, Ambarish Datta, Bijan Kumar Mandal, An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine fuelled with Jatropha Biodiesel, Energy Procedia, 2014, 54, pp [3] Balat M. Production of biodiesel from vegetable oils. Journal of Energy Sources. 2007, 29(10) pp

6 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry Studies of Jatropha Biodiesel and its Blends for Engine Performance [4] Sarker M., Rashid M,M., Molla M., Rahman M.S., Thermal conversion of waste plastic to produce mixture of hydrocarbons, Americal Journal of environmental Engineering, 2012, 2(5), pp [5] Kalisz S., Svoboda K., Robok Z., Boxter D., Anderson L.K., Application of FTIR absorption spectroscopy to characterize waste and biofuels for pyrolysis and gasification, 2008, 8, pp [6] Rajan Kumar, Dr. Manoj K Mishra and Dr. Shyam K Singh, Performance and Emission Study of Jatropha Biodiesel and its Blends on C.I. Engine. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 4(3),2013, pp [7] R. Sundara Raman Dr. G. Sankara Narayanan and Dr. N. Manoharan, Analysis of Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 6(10),2015, pp [8] D. Srikanth, M.V.S. Murali Krishna and P. Usha Sri, Experimental Investigations on Performance Parameters of High Grade Semi Adiabatic Diesel Engine with Cotton Seed Biodiesel. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 7(1),2016, pp