THE FIRST IN-SPACE DEMONSTRATION OF A GREEN PROPULSION SYSTEM

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1 THE FIRST IN-SPACE DEMONSTRATION OF A GREEN PROPULSION SYSTEM Presented by: Mathias Persson, CEO ECAPS, Solna, Sweden SSC10-XI-2 Copyright 2010 ECAPS - 1 -

2 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Objectives 3. PRISMA Propulsion systems 4. Launch Campaign 5. Early Operations 6. Conclusions Copyright 2010 ECAPS - 2 -

3 High Performance Green Propulsion HPGP HPGP Technology LMP-103S, a storable monopropellant blend of ADN (Ammonium-Di-Nitramide), methanol, ammonia and water High temperature resistant catalyst High temperature resistant thrust chamber ECAPS have 35 patents covering propellant, catalyst and thrust chamber HPGP vs Hydrazine Improved performance with 6 % higher Isp and 30 % higher density impulse Simplified handling and transport due to reduced hazards: low sensitivity non-carcinogenic low toxicity environmentally benign Copyright 2010 ECAPS - 3 -

4 Technology Readiness Levels i.e. Matureity TRL * 1997!. SSC + FOI 1 N Thrust Level ECAPS. HPGP CONCLUSIONS Road Map And Vision Scaling to Higher Thrust.. 22 N Thrust Level.. PRISMA 5 & 22 N Thrusters * Development 50 & 220 N for Higher Performance 1995 Copyright 2010 ECAPS Conference 2015 on Small Satellites

5 PRISMA Mission Objectives High Performance Green Propulsion Autonomous: - Formation Flying - Rendezvous - Proximity operations Vision-based rendezvous sensor Test flight of FFRF position sensor MEMS micropropulsion The PRISMA misssion will pave the way for future multi-satellite missions Copyright 2010 ECAPS - 5 -

6 ECAPS Flight Demonstration Objectives 1. Perform the Worlds First Flight Demonstration of a Storable High Performance Green Monopropellant Propulsion System in space, thus demonstrating technical maturity (TRL 7) 2. Provide ΔV for the Autonomous Formation Flying Experiments 3. Add redundancy to the Hydrazine propulsion subsystem Copyright 2010 ECAPS - 6 -

7 Propulsion Systems on PRISMA Hydrazine 6 x 1 N 11 kg N 2 H 4 Micropropulsion 8 x 1 mn 1 kg N 2 HPGP 2 x 1 N 5.5 kg LMP-103S Copyright 2010 ECAPS - 7 -

8 Launch Campaign PRISMA shipped from Sweden on May 17 th, 2010 Campaign started on May 20 th and continued for 18 days in total: 1. MAIN and TARGET satellites Checkout 2. Propulsion Systems Checkout 3. TARGET mating to MAIN 4. Pressurization of the Micropropulsion system 5. Fuelling of HPGP system 6. Fuelling of the Hydrazine propulsion system 7. Final preparation, arming and red tags removal 8. Mounting on the Dnepr Space Head Module Copyright 2010 ECAPS - 8 -

9 Propellant LMP-103S Air Transport LPM-103S Propellant Transport Container UN Class 1.4S An-12 used for the tranport of PRISMA and 12.4 kg LMP-103S Copyright 2010 ECAPS - 9 -

10 Propellant Loading LMP-103S vs Hydrazine The checkout and loading procedures follows the same principal steps for the two liquid propellant systems Yasny range safety has defined handling of LMP-103S as a No hazardous operation HPGP propulsion system need a crew of only three people for seven days while the Hydrazine loading requires a crew of five for 14 days. During the campaign for preparation, fueling and decontamination of Hydrazine: The total man hours are more than three times higher than for LMP-103S. The volume of contaminated liquids are more than 100 times higher than for LMP- 103S. Copyright 2010 ECAPS

11 Mating to Dnepr Space Head Module June 3 rd and Rocket Activities for 9 days Picard Picard (CNES) PRISMA (SSC) PRISMA Copyright 2010 ECAPS

12 Courtesy ISC Kosmotras The Dnepr Launch of PRISMA Yasny Launch Base, Russia June 15 th 14:42 UTC Copyright 2010 ECAPS

13 The first in-space Demonstration of HPGP The first in-space firings were performed on June 24, 2010 where 100 ms single pulses were fired. The first firing demonstration was a pulse train of forty 100 ms pulses at a duty cycle of 1%. The firing was performed along-track and GPS data verified the predicted 2.1 cm/s ΔV increase. The propellant consumption for the manoeuvre was nominal. Copyright 2010 ECAPS

14 PLANNED HPGP OPERATIONS OPERATIONS S/C MODE Days OBJECTIVES COMMISIONING HPGP 1-3 Low duty pulse trains and single pulses up to 10 s * SEPARATION N/A N/A HPGP BLOCK 1 HPGP 1 4 Early Harvest HPGP BLOCK 2 Autonomous Autonomous Rendezvous with HPGP (Provision of ΔV) HPGP BLOCK 3 HPGP 2 20 Performance Measurements HPGP BLOCK 4 Autonomous Provision of ΔV HPGP BLOCK 5 HPGP 3 7 Performance comparison with Hydrazine HPGP BLOCK 6 Autonomous Provision of ΔV HPGP BLOCK 7 HPGP Long Firings, Life and Space Environmental Demonstrations * August 11 th Target Separation from Main Satellite Copyright 2010 ECAPS

15 Interesting Features Thruster 7 (-Y+Z) Hot Bias Warm Panel Solar View HPGP 1 Firings performed in Cross Track Thruster 8 (+Y-Z) Cold Bias Cold Panel Deep Space View SUN Copyright 2010 ECAPS

16 Expected In-Space Performance Demonstration Operation Modes - Specific Impulse Isp (Ns/kg) HPGP 3 & 4 HPGP 1 & 2 Serie #1 Serie #3 Serie #2 Serie #4 Steady State Pfeed (Bar) Copyright 2010 ECAPS

17 Conclusions The first in-space demonstration of a HPGP system is ongoing and the first in-space firings were performed on June 24, 2010 The PRISMA launch campaign demonstrated significant reduced risk, lead time and cost using HPGP Green Propulsion is emerging as an viable alternative to Hydrazine with higher performance, enhanced volumetric efficiency and reduced risks Successful In-Space demonstration of HPGP paves the way for future missions Copyright 2010 ECAPS

18 Acknowledgements Swedish National Space Board (SNSB) European Space Agency (ESA) Swedish Space Corporation (SSC) The ECAPS Team Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Eurenco Bofors PRISMA Project Partners: Prime, mission and system design GNC and OBSW AIV and Operations HPGP Propulsion system MEMS Micropropulsion system ECAPS US Partners: ATK, Propulsion and Controls Division GPS system and navigation SW FFRF navigation instrument Moog Space and Defense Group Vision Based Sensor Copyright 2010 ECAPS