Experimental Verification of Low Emission Combustor Technology at DLR

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1 Chart 1 > FORUM-AE Non-CO2 mitigation technology Workshop> Hassa > Experimental Verification of Low Emission Combustor Technology at DLR Christoph Hassa Institute of Propulsion Technology Linder Höhe, Köln

2 Chart 2 Introduction - Combustor technology for non CO2 mitigation solutions needs to be validated at all TRL levels. - DLR mission in aeronautics comprises research for efficient evironmentally friendly aircraft engines bridging the gap between basic research and innovative applications as well as cooperation with industrial partners and operation of large scale facilities. - According to the respective financial effort and TRL level DLR acts as independent research establishment, as partner in collaborative research and provider of services. - Here a cross section of the efforts in the development of experimental methods and installations supporting low emission combustor development shall be given.

3 Application Oriented Research: Range of DLR Activities Only in collaboration with industry Typical domain of DLR research

4 Chart 4 Fundamental research to understand soot formation and oxidation: Detailed characterization ti of atmospheric sooting jet flame - Methods to simultaneously image soot as well as intermediate species support development of CFD models Institute of Combustion Technology

5 Soot and velocity field in atmospheric turbulent jet flame: High Speed Imaging - Allows to study the mutual interaction of soot formation and velocity field i.e. reaction history soot transport, soot formation, soot oxidation -Simult. khz LII/PIV -Simultaneous LII/PIV -Radial distance r / mm -HAB B [mm] -Height above bur rner h / mm Institute of Combustion Technology

6 Chart 6 > Vortrag > Autor Dokumentname > Datum Research in generic configurations: Soot and combustion species in pressurized swirl flame - Generic configurations are a compromise between realism and experimental accessability - Ideally significant physics are preserved while the whole domain can still be measured - Last stage for a comprehensive validation of CFD codes - Partly funded within EU project FIRST IRZ Institute of Combustion Technology ORZ

7 Chart 7 > Vortrag > Autor Dokumentname > Datum Research on combustor components at realistic operating conditions: Big Optical Single Sector in HBK 1 testbed tb - Operability constraints make generic burners useless at realistic conditions - Research in cooperation with RRD - Optical investigation of lean burn injectors at original scale up to 20 bar - Residence time and cooling similar to 40 bar RR High Pressure Single Sector in HBK 3 - Quick emission tests with HPSS - detailed diagnostics with BOSS -Pilot -flame Fuel Placement Dropsize Droplet and slip velocity -Main -flame Fuel mixing i and homogeneity in NEWAC

8 Chart 8 > Vortrag > Autor Dokumentname > Datum Research on combustor components at realistic operating conditions: Big Optical Single Sector - Knowledge of combustion properties and flowfield facilitate understanding of phenomena - Soot formation behind LDI injectors in pilot operation - Development of Laser diagnostics for dirty dirty low SNR environments - Sequential measurement of - Soot with LII (Laser induced incandescence) for extended range of concentration - Flow field with 2-camera PIV for luminous flames - reaction zone with OH* - Effect of flow field on soot formation First

9 Chart 9 > Vortrag > Autor Dokumentname > Datum Single Sector Combustor: Generic configurations - quick test of Laser diagnostics at realistic conditions - Medium scale combustor up to 20 bar, 1kg/s combustion air - Combustor traversable in 3D - DLR research - Quick setup of Laser diagnostics - Diagnostics development in parallel to BOSS campaigns

10 Chart 10 > Vortrag > Autor Dokumentname > Datum Research on combustor turbine interaction: Optical Combustor Exit (OCORE) - Single sector combustor for optical access to combustor exit by Selective Laser Melting technique, including sidewall for probe access - Filtered Rayleigh Scattering (FRS), OH-LIF for temperature - PIV and FRS for velocity measurement - Endoscopic camera - Plan to extend to full annular combustor LEMCOTEC

11 Chart 11 > Vortrag > Autor Dokumentname > Datum Research on combustor components at realistic operating conditions: High Pressure Cooling Rig - Effusion cooling liner behind swirling lean combustor up to 20 bar - Realistic turbulence - Combination of heat transfer modes: Convection and conduction Cooling air Pressure window Inner window s Test sample Liner Boundary layer bleed Pressure window TECC-AE Preheated cooling air Cooling air bleed Total cooling effectiveness for stable and oscillating combustor conditions

12 Chart 12 > Vortrag > Autor Dokumentname > Datum Conventional rich burn combustors will continue to be used in smaller engines: Research is needed - Interaction of rich and quench zones, swirl and jet mixing requires multisectors - Windows are colder then liner walls - Laser techniques can get intrusive if the additional cooling disturbs combustion Reduce wall cooling with advanced additive manufactured cooling schemes Emission measurements show good comparison to conventional rigs Hot Optical Triple Sector (HOTS)

13 Chart 13 > Vortrag > Autor Dokumentname > Datum Combined LII / OH LIF /Kerosene LIF/ OH* at HOTS

14 HPFANN-Testing in HBK2 (TRL 5): Emissions, Integrity, Thermoacoustics Full-annular combustor tests for aero engines at reduced pressure and flow conditions (40MWth) HBK5: Full-annular civil small / medium engine (CSME) tests at engine conditions, full-annular civil large engine (CLE) tests at reduced pressure / flow conditions (up to 35 bar, 70 kg/s, 960 K inlet temperature)

15 Center for Combustion Technology Schematic Flow Diagram HBK5 (Qth = 125MW) to be used for aeronautical and energy applications Control System Data acquisition iti Back pressure Compressor Preheater Test rig valve Natural Gas Syngas Component demonstration Stack Kerosene, Diesel, Oil, GTL, Special Fuels Cooling Electricity Demineralised Water Site cooling Water Town water Waste water

16 New Combustor Test Facility HBK5 Alstom and RR Commissioning planned in September 2014

17 DLR Infrastructure: New Air Preheater LUVO 3

18 New Air Compressor HD5

19 Chart 19 > Vortrag > Autor Dokumentname > Datum Summary - Experimental verification of low emission combustor technology needs specialised efforts at all TRL levels - DLR active in different roles - Major investments and efforts are needed to gain confidence in low emission technology - But quality of communication is most important factor for success