Development of True Drop-in (unblended) Renewable Fuels. Worldwide Energy Conference 12 April 2017 Edward N. Coppola

Transcription

1 Development of True Drop-in (unblended) Renewable Fuels Worldwide Energy Conference 12 April 2017 Edward N. Coppola

2 Drop-in Renewable Fuels Equivalent to Petroleum Catalytic Hydrothermolysis (CH) Conversion Cycloparaffins and Aromatics are formed Entire homologous series of isomers are formed Ring structures are conserved during hydrotreating Hydrogen is conserved by formation of ring structures 2

3 Biofuels ISOCONVERSION (BIC) Process Converts fats, oils, and greases from plants, animals, or algae into drop-in renewable fuels Catalytic Hydrothermolysis Supercritical water process Produces crude oil that contains the same hydrocarbon types as petroleum crude 2 Minutes Converts fats oils and greases to crude oil Hydrotreating Saturates olefins Removes residual oxygenates Conventional Refinery Processes Fractionation Produces finished fuels Jet and diesel that meets petroleum specs without blending Renewable chemicals, and naphtha

4 Hydrothermal Cleanup (HCU) Process Enables use of low-cost, low-quality feed stocks Used cooking oil, yellow grease, brown grease, tallow Achieves Rapid Hydrolysis HCU is 10 times faster than the Colgate-Emery commercial process HCU is a very effective alternative to chemical degumming Reduces phosphorus and other metals to low ppm levels Produces clean free fatty acids and glycerin co-products Metals (ppm) Refined Carinata oil Crude Peanut oil Oil Feed HCU Product Oil Feed HCU product Calcium Magnesium Phosphorus Potassium

5 Benefits of True Drop-in Fuels True drop-in renewable fuels do not require blending with petroleum fuels Eliminates the need for: Procurement of the petroleum blending components Shipping of renewable fuel and/or petroleum components to blending facilities Blending facilities and segregated storage Specification testing of each blending component and the final fuel blend Other logistic, accounting, and documentation requirements Reduces costs associated with activities above For these and other reasons the U.S. Navy pursued true drop-in renewable fuels that do not require blending with petroleum JP-5 à CHCJ-5 (Catalytic Hydrothermal Conversion to jet fuel) F-76 à CHCD-76 (Catalytic Hydrothermal Conversion to diesel fuel) 5

6 CHJ D o C Flash Point CHCJ-5 60 o C Flash Point 6

7 Draft Specifications for Renewable Fuels are Onerous CHCJ-5 requirements (28 total) vs petroleum D1655 Higher thermal stability (280 vs 260 o C) Lower acid number (0.015 vs 0.10) Total metals less than 1 ppm Derived cetane number (42-60) Hydrocarbon type analysis Nitrogen less than 10 ppm Sulfur less than 15 ppm (vs 0.30%) Halogens less than 1 ppm each Particulate Counting Distillation slope (T50-T10 and T90-T10) Olefins <300 mgbr 2 /100g CHCD-76 additional requirements vs MIL-DTL Lower acid number, sulfur content, and metals content Thermal stability, halogens, nitrogen, hydrocarbon type, distillation slope 7

8 Production of Certification Fuel for DLA-Navy Fuel production Crude oil produced by CH conversion in St Joseph, Missouri, 100 bbl/day pilot Finished fuel hydrotreating and distillation Centauri Pasadena, TX Others performing tests: Lufthansa, AFRL, U.S. Army, and Swedish Military 8

9 SECNAV F-18 Flight Test 100% CHCJ-5 Nine F-18 Flight Tests Completed 9

10 ASTM D7566 CHJ Annex for Commercial Jet CHJ (Catalytic Hydrothermolysis Jet) A synthesized kerosene containing aromatic compounds produced from hydrothermally processed esters and fatty acids for use as a synthetic blending component in aviation turbine fuels for use in civil aircraft and engines The synthetic blending component is comprised essentially of normal paraffin, cycloparaffin, isoparaffin, and aromatic compounds CHJ synthetic blending component will be blended up to 50% with conventional blending components (Jet A or Jet A-1) fuels certified to meet ASTM D1655 CHJ fuel will meet all the requirements of ASTM D7566 Table 1 10

11 ASTM Certification Commercial Jet A, Jet A-1 11

12 Commercialization Activities Joint Development Agreement with Chevron Lummus Global 50:50 joint venture between Chevron and Lummus Technologies Executes license agreements, engineering, EPC contracts, warranties Licensees Aemetis, Urbanx, Euglena In progress four additional U.S. companies Product Offtake DLA Energy, World Fuel Services, AvFuel, Chevron, Delta On-going Commercial Opportunities St Joseph, MO up to 5000 bbl/day California up to 2500 bbl/day Utah up to 2500 bbl/day Indiana up to 2500 bbl/day Texas up to 1500 bbl/day DPA Title III Initiative 12