Standards for solid biofuels - Status and prospects

Transcription

1 Institut für Energetik und Umwelt Institute for Energy and Environment Research, Development, Services for - Energy - Environment Standards for solid biofuels - Status and prospects N. Becher, J. Witt, V. Lenz, D. Thrän, M. Kaltschmitt Wood source of material and energy InnovaWood / ITD Conference June 2007 Poznan, Poland Institut für Energetik und Umwelt ggmbh, Torgauer Str. 116, D Leipzig, info@ie-leipzig.de

2 Content of the presentation 1. Background 2. CEN TC 335 Structure and Field of activity 3. CEN/TS Fuel specifications and classes 4. Prospects for the standardization of biofuels BioNorm II 5. Summary 2

3 Background The utilization of solid biofuels for combustion has many advantages: CO 2 -neutrality, Local added value for farmers and foresters as well as local job creation, Security of supply reducing fuel imports, No health risks with transport and storage. Current constraints for an increase of the biofuel market are: Great spectrum of different biomasses and the diversity of characteristics within the biomass groups, Different biofuel specifications in many EU countries. Therefore the development of European Standards (EN) may be the main driver to expand the market for solid biofuels: The EC has given a mandate to CEN (European Standardization Organization) to develop standards for solid biofuels which is realized within the Technical Committee (TC) 335 and its five working groups. These standards should classify the key properties of solid biofuels. 3

4 CEN TC 335 Field of activity Biomass Biofuel Solid Biofuel Bioenergy Production CEN TC 335 Liquid + Gaseous Biofuel Conversion No utilisation as Bio fuel e.g. Furniture, Package, Paper products Source: CEN/TS

5 CEN TC 335 Structure CEN TC 335 Standardization of solid biofuels TC 335 working groups (WG, responsible country) WG 1 Terminology, definitions and description (Germany) WG 2 Fuel specifications and classes, Quality Assurance (Finland) WG 3 Sampling and sample reduction (Netherlands/UK) WG 4 Physical and Mechanical test methods (Sweden) WG 5 Chemical test methods (Netherlands) 5

6 CEN TC 335 Current CEN-Activities Current CEN-Activities: Work plan Groups for Specification: Terminology, definitions und description (1 Standard) Fuel specifications, classes und Quality Management (2 Standards) Sampling and Sample reduction (3 Standards) Physical and mechanical tests (13 Standards): calorific value, bulk density, moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, ash melting behavior, particle size distribution, particle density, durability, bridging properties Chemical tests (6 Standards): C, H, O, N, S, Cl, F, mayor elements, minor elements A Total of 25 "Technical Specifications (Pre normative) 6

7 CEN TS Background and application area prcen 14961: Solid biofuels Fuel Specification and classes Background: Technical Specification is a pre-normative document published in April 2005 with a transition period of approx. 3 years before getting full EN-Specification. The TS has to be implemented in 28 EU-countries. Aim: classification of biofuels to enable an efficient trade and easy communication between customer, seller and equipment manufacturer Application area: Products from agriculture and forestry Herbal residues from agriculture, forestry and food industries Untreated waste wood Etc. 7

8 CEN TS Master table (I) Specification of solid biofuels according to CEN TS 14961: Master table for pellets 8 Source: CEN/TS 14961

9 CEN TS Classification by origin and source (I) Classification by origin and source 9 Source: CEN/TS 14961

10 CEN TS Classification by origin and source (II) 10

11 CEN TS Classification by origin and source (III) 11 Source: CEN/TS 14961

12 CEN TS Specification based on traded form (I) Classification by origin and source Specification based on traded form 12 Source: CEN/TS 14961

13 CEN TS Specification based on traded form (II) Briquettes Pellets Fuel powder Wood chips Hog fuel Logs Whole wood Sawdust Straw bales (small, big, round) Bundle Bark Chopped straw Grain or seed Shell and fruit stones Fibre cake 13

14 CEN TS Specification based on fuel characteristics (I) Classification by origin and source Specification based on traded form Specification based on fuel characteristics 14 Source: CEN/TS 14961

15 CEN TS Specification based on fuel characteristics (II) Normative only for chemically treated biomass Informative 15 Source: CEN/TS 14961

16 CEN TS Specification of wood pellets an example Normative Informative Origin Traded form Dimensions in mm Moisture in % as received Ash in % of dry basis Mechanical Durability w-% of pellets after testing Amount of fines in % <3,15mm Additives in % of pressing mass Sulphur in % of dry basis Net calorific value in MJ/Kg as received chemically untreated wood without bark Pellets D06 or D08 M10 A0.7 DU97.5 F1.0 or F2.0 < 2 w-% of dry basis. Only products from the primarily agricultural and forest biomass that are not chemically modified are approved to be added as a pressing aids. Type and amount of additive has to be stated. S0.05 E4.7 ( 4,7kwh/kg = 16,9MJ/kg) Source: CEN/TS

17 CEN TS Test methods Moisture content CEN/TS ,-3 Ash content CEN/TS Ash melting behavior CEN/TS Methods for sampling, sampling plans, sample preparation CEN/TS 14778, 1-2, 14779, Calorific value CEN/TS Particle size distribution CEN/TS 15149, 1-3 Particle density CEN/TS Bulk density CEN/TS Durability of pellets and briquettes CEN/TS 15210, 1-2 Total content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen CEN/TS Water soluble content of Cl, Na, K CEN/TS Total content of S, Cl CEN/TS Major elem. (Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, P, K, Si, Na and Ti), CEN/TS Minor elem. (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, V and Zn) CEN/TS

18 Prospects BIONORM II Background BioNorm I + II support the ongoing work of CEN TC 335 with pre-normative research on solid biofuels and will help to develop general accepted and implementable Technical Specifications (TS) However, experiences from practice with this TS have identified considerable gaps of knowledge... Therefore the work of BioNorm II should help to close such gaps. To achieve these goals, the existing TS will be improved in close cooperation with Working Group 2 of CEN TC 335 by including: specifications given by the combustion unit and rules for conformity of the products with their specified requirements To provide this information, the following aspects will be addressed: further improvement of existing reference tests in particular in terms of precision development of new reference test methods development of rapid on site test methods development of sampling and sample reduction methods for further materials and development of sampling plans 18 development of adapted quality measures in accordance with the ISO 9000 / 9001

19 Prospects BIONORM II Project Structure Task I.1 Sampling and sampling reduction WP I Sampling Task I.2 Sample planning Task II.1 Reference test methods WP II Test procedures Task II.2 Rapid test methods Task III.1 Quality Planning BioNorm Quality Control BioNorm Quality Assurance Task III.2 Quality Improvement Task III.3 Quality Policy WP III Quality Measures WP IV Biofuel specifications Task IV.1 Task IV.2 Task IV.3 Supply chain related fuel properties Combustion related fuel properties Basics for conformity rules 19

20 Prospects BIONORM II Partners 25 project partners from 11 European countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Spain, Sweden, The Netherlands) Latvia represents with two partners the Eastern European Countries Riga Technical University - Institute of Energy Systems and Environmental Protection Kronvalda boulevard 1, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia, Latvian State Forestry Research Institute - LVMI "SILAVA" Riga street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia, More information to BIONORM II: 20

21 Summary Besides wood several alternative biomasses get more interesting: The different requirements for the conversion technology is getting more important. To expand the market for biofuels the transnational trade with biomass in the EU has to be simplified. New alternative biofuels and biomass mixtures have to be defined and classified. Due to the wide range of the existing biomass spectrum the specification of biofuels is of great importance 21

22 Thank you very much. Institute for Energy and Environment ggmbh Torgauer Str Leipzig Germany Tel.: Fax: Web: Contact persons: Nadja Becher Janet Witt Prof. Dr. Martin Kaltschmitt 22