3MTM DyneonTM Fluoroelastomers. Fluoroelastomers for SCR systems. Improved performance in AdBlue systems at high temperatures.

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1 3MTM DyneonTM Fluoroelastomers Fluoroelastomers for SCR systems. Improved performance in AdBlue systems at high temperatures.

2 Introduction Why AdBlue technology? In the past few years there has been a continuous flow of innovations and regulations aimed at reducing the emissions from the cars of today and the future and making them cleaner than they have ever been before. EURO 5 emission standards required diesel engines to have nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions no higher than 180 mg/km. These targets could be reached by just increasing the efficiency of the engine. Diesel engines are 20% more energy efficient than petrol engines, resulting in lower fuel consumption (approx. 20%) and lower carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions (approx. 15%). This makes diesel engines an important factor for the implementation of European climate protection targets despite the fact that NO x emissions from diesel engines are several times higher than those of petrol engines. The current emission standard in Europe (EURO 6) challenges the automotive industry with respect to CO 2, particle, hydrocarbon, and NO x emissions. All newly registered cars have had to meet EURO 6 emission standards since September EURO 6 reduced the NO x target emission value to 80 mg/km, which is now only one third higher than those of petrol engines. These values call for different measures to reach the targets. One preferred way to achieve EURO 6 is additional treatment of the exhaust emissions by using selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology, known in Europe under the AdBlue brand.

3 AdBlue Technology What is SCR technology? The approach is based on a chemical reaction, mechanically triggered by injecting an aqueous solution of 32.5% urea into the exhaust pipe. The solution reacts with the NO x, and chemically reduces it to nitrogen and water (steam) in a process known as selective catalytic reduction (SCR). In Europe this SCR solution is known as AdBlue technology. The AdBlue system. Ureum splitter + gas mixing SCR ENGINE Catalytic convertor Diesel particle filter Injector Temp sensors NO x Sensor Level sensor Temp sensor ENGINE ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT Tankheating

4 Supporting the transition to cleaner diesel engines with fluoroelastomer (FKM) from 3M. New substances in the automotive environment mean new challenges for the materials involved. This refers to the containment system as well as the seals used. Generally, urea solutions are not a challenge for traditional sealing materials. However, in the newer SCR systems wider temperature ranges (low as well as high) and possible cross contamination present new challenges. Consequently, traditional sealing materials may no longer be suitable. In order to make the system safe for users under almost all circumstances, the system has to be resistant to cross-contamination caused by fuels and lubricants that may be put into the SCR system by mistake. It is a well-known fact that EPDM sealing materials swell when they come into contact with fuels and oils and this can cause the seal to fail. Bearing in mind the huge differences in temperatures in the different regions of the world where a vehicle might be operated during its lifetime, other alternatives such as HNBR might not be right the material of choice. This is where 3M Dyneon Fluoroelastomers come into the picture. Using different monomers and monomer ratios, a number of products are available for different low temperature applications while maintaining the other advantages of FKM such as high temperature and chemical resistance. Standard FKM used in automotive applications will not perform adequately as it tends to swell in urea solutions at elevated temperatures.

5 Chemical Resistance Resistance of Dyneon FKM to AdBlue % volume swell FPO 3730 (-13 )** FPO 3731 (-13 )** FPO 3730 (-13 )** LTFE 6320Z (-30 )** LTFE 6320Z (-30 )** LTFE 6320Z (-30 )** LTFE 6400 (-40 )*** E (-40 )*** (Acid acc. ZnO) special* No AA (Acid acc. ZnO) special* No AA ZnO special* * Manufactured using Dyneon patented technology for improved resistance towards AdBlue. ** Test conditions: 504 h/80 C *** Test conditions: 336 h/85 C A traditional approach to the problem has been to lower the level of or even omit the acid acceptor in order to improve the chemical resistance of PO-curable fluoroelastomers. With respect to AdBlue, the elimination of the acid acceptor has shown a significant improvement and a reduction of the volume swell. However, the swell still remains at a high level. Only when using Dyneon s proprietary, patented technology does the swell remain at a level where the performance and reliability of the seal is not negatively affected. The following grades are currently available: 3M Dyneon Fluoroelastomer FPO 3731 (TR-10 = -6 C; fully commercial) and E (TR-10 = -40 C; experimental stage) Other grades using this technology are available upon request. AdBlue is a trademark of VDA (Verband der deutschen Automobilindustrie), a German Car Manufacturers Association.

6 Technical Information and Test Data Technical information, test data, and advice provided by Dyneon personnel are based on information and tests we believe are reliable and are intended for persons with knowledge and technical skills sufficient to analyse test types and conditions, and to handle and use raw polymers and related compounding ingredients. No license under any Dyneon or third party intellectual rights is granted or implied by virtue of this information. General recommendations on health and safety in processing, on work hygiene and on measures to be taken in the event of accident are detailed in our material safety data sheets. Important Notice All information set forth herein is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes regarding products and their uses. It should not therefore be construed as a guarantee of specific properties of the products described or their suitability for a particular application. Because conditions of product use are outside Dyneon s control and vary widely, user must evaluate and determine whether a Dyneon product will be suitable for user s intended application before using it. The quality of our products is warranted under our General Terms and Conditions of Sale as now are or hereafter may be in force. You will find further notes on the safe handling of fluoropolymers in the brochure Guide for the safe handling of Fluoropolymers Resins by PlasticsEurope, Box 3, B-1160 Brussels, Tel. +32 (2) The present edition replaces all previous versions. Please make sure and inquire if in doubt whether you have the latest edition. Where to go for more information? Dyneon Customer Service Europe Phone: Fax: Italy Phone: Fax: M Advanced Materials Division rd Street North Oakdale, MN USA Phone: Fax: Technical Service Fluoroelastomers 3M Belgium BVBA/SPRL 3M Advanced Materials Division Haven 1005, Canadastraat Zwijndrecht Belgium Phone: +32 (0) Fax: +32 (0) dyneon.europe@mmm.com Dyneon GmbH 3M Advanced Materials Division Carl-Schurz-Straße Neuss Phone: +49 (0) Fax: +49 (0) Dyneon is a 3M company. Dyneon is a trademark of 3M. 09/2016 All rights reserved. Dyneon 2016 ADBL201609EN

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