Advancements in bright stock refining technology. Timothy Langlais Technical Marketing Manager, Specialty Base Oils

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1 Advancements in bright stock refining technology Timothy Langlais Technical Marketing Manager, Specialty Base Oils

2 Which product below is refined from naphthenic crude? L R API Classification Group I Group I Sulfur, ppm ASTM D Viscosity-Gravity Constant ASTM D A. L C. Both B. R D. Neither Molecular Weight ASTM D Flash Point, COC, C/ F ASTM D92 305/ /570 Color, ASTM ASTM D Pour Point, C/ F ASTM D5950-9/16-7/20 Aniline Point, C/ F ASTM D / /252 Carbon Type Analysis, %Ca ASTM D Carbon Type Analysis, %Cn ASTM D Carbon Type Analysis, %Cp ASTM D L R

3 Outline Group I supply decline & bright stock Bright stock technology Economics of viscosity A few words about Ergon 3

4 Group I supply decline & bright stock 4

5 Trends in finished lubricant technologies threaten legacy Group I refineries Global Basestock Supply by Product Types, 2014 to 2024 Group II & III Growth Group I decline Source: Kline & Company,

6 and associated bright stock production. API Classification Light Neutral Medium Neutral Heavy Neutral Bright Stock Group I Yes Yes Yes Yes Group II Yes Yes Yes Yes* Group III Yes Yes None None *Group II bright stock remains shorter in supply and lighter in viscosity than traditional bright stock 6

7 Bright stock technology 7

8 Hydroprocessing and the Base Oil Industry Hydroprocessing introduced in 1980s to expand capability to process poorer quality aromatic crudes into base oils Chevron (Richmond CA) Alaska North Slope Sunoco Puerto Rico Gulf - Idemitsu Chiba, Suncor (PetroCanada) Hydroprocessing now represents ~43% of global paraffinic base oil Technology easily adapted to naphthenic (waxy, non-waxy) crudes Ergon, PetroChina

9 Generalized Process Technologies Traditional bright stock Paraffinic Crude Oil Distillation (VTB) PDA Solvent Extraction Solvent Dewaxing New Generation bright stock Naphthenic Crude Oil Distillation (VTB) PDA Hydrotreating Catalytic Dewaxing Heavy Naphthenic Naphthenic Crude Oil Distillation (VTB) Hydrotreating Hydrofinishing BS Hydrofinishing BS BS PDA and catalytic dewaxing technologies yield new generation bright stock 9

10 Typical Properties 10

11 Economics of viscosity 11

12 Material Bright stock increases viscosity more cost effectively than substitutes Relative Price Equivalent Bright Stock: Substitute General Performance versus Bright Stock Bright Stock 1x 1:1 - PIB 1.5x 5:1 Poor shear stability PAO 5x 1:1 Poor Solvency Heavy Naphthenic 0.75x 0.66:1 Low VI, high PP, poor oxidation stability 12

13 New generation bright stock extends formulation capabilities to higher ISO grades Generalized max viscosity New generation bright stock Traditional bright stock Group II Group III 13

14 while reducing treat rate and formulated cost 14

15 In summary Traditional bright stock supply trending down with shift away from Group I technology in finished lubricant specifications New refining technologies produce a Group I bright stock from naphthenic crude New generation bright stock creates formulation and economic value 15

16 A few words about Ergon 16

17 Ergon Corporate Profile Privately (family) owned Headquarters: Jackson, Mississippi, USA Employees: >2, companies under the Ergon Umbrella Largest naphthenic base oil refiner in the world 5th largest base oil refiner in North America 8th largest base oil refiner in the world Customer Service available 24 hours a day, 362 ½ days per year Vicksburg, Mississippi (USA) ISO 14001:2004 / ISO 9001:2008 / REACH Compliant Naphthenic Refinery Base Oil Capacity: 22,000 barrels per day Newell, West Virginia (USA) ISO 9001:2008 / REACH Compliant Paraffinic Refinery Base Oil Capacity: 6,000 barrels per day 17

18 Global Distribution of Specialty Oils Distribution Network Refineries Corporate Offices Available Global Base Oil Storage million barrels million gallons - 286,440 metric tons 18

19 Contact Information For further questions, technical or commercial, please contact us. North & South America Phone: ergonnsa.com International Phone : +32 (0) ergoninternational.com Jay Coleman Ergon Sales Director, Specialty Base Oils office toll-free jay.coleman@ergon.com Gerardo Maldonado Ergon Sales Director, Latin America office toll-free gerardo.maldonado@ergon.com Tim Langlais Ergon Technical Marketing Manager, Specialty Base Oils office toll-free tim.langlais@ergon.com 19

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