Experimental Analysis Of Tobacco Seed Oil Blends With Diesel In Single Cylinder Ci-Engine

Transcription

1 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 4 Issue 1 - Oct 213 Experimental Analysis Of Tobacco Seed Oil Blends With In Single Cylinder Ci-Engine 1.K.Srinivas, 2.T.Sudhakar babu, 3.B.Raghava rao, 4.Dr.K.Sivaraju 1. Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, V.R Siddartha Enng College, Vijayawada, Ap, India. 2. M-Tech Student, Mechanical engineering Department, V.R.Siddartha Engg College, Vijayawada, Ap, India. 3. Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, V.R Siddartha Enng College,Vijayawada, Ap, India. 4. Principal Scientist Biochemistry Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajhamundry, Ap, India. Abstract: The objective of this paper is to investigate the mechanical properties and performance characteristics of biodiesel extracted from tobacco seed oil. The objective is achieved by transesterifing the tobacco seed oil by transesterification reaction using heterogeneous base catalyst. Experimental investigations have been carried out to examine fuel properties and performance characteristics of different biodiesel blends in comparison to diesel. The performance characteristics of blends are evaluated at variable loads at constant rated speed of 15rpm and results are compared with diesel. Brake specific fuel consumption, Brake thermal efficiency, mechanical efficiency and emissions are studied in comparison with conventional diesel. Keywords: Biodiesel, Esterification, Free fatty acid, Non-edible oil, Transesterification. I.INTRODUCTION In developing countries like India, where edible oils are short supply, the contribution of non edible oils like Tobacco seed oil as source for biodiesel production will be of great importance in the coming days.. In India, edible oils are in short supply and are too expensive; hence non-edible oils like jatropha, pongamia, neem, mahua, and tobacco seed oil have been found to be promising biodiesel feed stocks. In a number of studies, appreciable research efforts have been put in to producing biodiesel from non-edible oils giving much focus to jatropha. Tobacco seed is a rich source of oil. Tobacco seeds contain about 35%semi-drying oil which is nicotine free. Tobacco seed is very small. There are about 3,, seeds in one ounce, or more than 1, seeds per gram. One tobacco plant may produce onehalf an ounce, or about 1,5, seeds, which is enough for 1 square yards of seedbed area. Under favorable conditions seeds from one plant may provide enough seedlings from 2 to 5 acres of field tobacco. In the recent year some new industrial uses of tobacco have been envisaged as a strategic development in case the anti-tobacco movement curbs its conventional use so that tobacco leaf farmer do not suffer by producing crop. The strategy does not make tobacco leaf available for smoking but produce socially relevant useful products like good grade proteins and edible oils. It is appropriately named as alternate use of tobacco. II.OTHER USES Tobacco seed oil is classified as a semidrying oil (drying index, 55-75) and with its valuable nonyellowing property ; the oil is extensively used in paint industry. The high degree of un-saturation of the oil could render it susceptible to auto-oxidation and polymerization, resulting linked and tough films upon exposure to air. Alone or blended with linseed oil, tobacco seed oil could be used in synthesis of modified alkyd resins for air drying glossy paints (Eshetu, 2). It is also reported in the literature (personal communication) that in Philippines, tobacco seed oil is being looked as a fuel. The composition of tobacco seed oil meal is similar to those from other oil seed. The tobacco seed cake after extraction of oil is rich in nitrogen (6%) and an animal feed supplement. III.OIL EXTRACTION Oil content in tobacco seeds was estimated of by soxhlet (Sadasivam and Manikam1992). 5 grams of seeds was pounded well using mortar and pestle and packed in to Whatman thimble. A piece cotton was placed at the top to evenly distribute the solvent as it drops on sample during extraction. The thimble ISSN: Page 4535

2 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 4 Issue 1 - Oct 213 were placed in the butt tubes of the Soxhlet extraction apparatus. The extraction was done with 15 ml of hexane for 12 hr by gentile heating. After the extraction the flasks were cooled, hexane was removed using flash evaporator (vacuum evaporator). The flasks were dried in the oven to remove traces of hexane at 7oC. and the flasks were cooled in the desiccators and weighed. IV.ACID CATALYZED ESTERIFICATION PROCESS The esterification process is effective for oils that contains high free fatty acid (FFA) content. In this process the excess of the free fatty acid gets reacted and remaining acid content in the oil undergoes Transesterification. Generally concentrated sulphuric acid is used as a catalyst for this process. The raw tobacco seed oil measuring 1litre is taken in a reaction flask and heated to 4oC initially with a continuous stirring. Then oil is filtered using a tissue paper. The filtered oil is again heated to 6o - 65oC for 15 minutes in a reaction flask. After the heating of the oil is carried out, then the mixture containing 5ml Methanol and 3ml Sulphuric acid is poured into the reaction flask slowly. The reaction takes place at constant stirring with suitable speed and process is carried out at 6oC for about 1hour. After the completion of process, the mixture is transferred into a Separating flask and then allowed to settle down to separate into two phases. The upper layer is dark acid layer and the lower layer is oil. Then transesterification process is carried out. V. TRANSESTERIFICATION A know quantity of acid pretreated tobacco seed oil was poured into the reactor, and heated at 6oC. CaO was dissolved in methanol by vigorous stirring, and then added to the pretreated oil. The CaO amount was decided based on the amount needed to neutralize the unreached H2SO4 in the pretreated oil, plus the amount needed for the catalyst (1 wt.%), with respect to per-treated oil. the reaction was carried out for 1hr at 6 oc. Biodiesel produced by this process contains soap, catalyst and glycerol. If biodiesel is used directly in the engine without VIII.SPECIFICATION OF TEST RING Rated power Bore diameter Stroke length Connecting rod length 3.7Kw (5 HP) 8mm 11mm 234mm removing these particles, deposition will occur in engine component, and the engine parts will be affected. Hence, the biodiesel was washed with an equal quantity of hot distilled water for three to four times, using a small aqua pump forming air bubbles. Moisture from the biodiesel was removed by heating it on a hot plate at 1 11oC. VI. PROPERTIES OF TOBACCO SEED OIL Tests Pure diesel Tobacco seed oil 15 o C in gm/cc 4 o C 3.58 cst 4.54 cst Flash Point by PMCC method 5 o C 56 o C Fire Point by PMCC method 56 o C 82 o C Gross Calorific Value in Kcal/kg VII.EXPERIMENTAL SETUP The experimental setup shown in fig. Computer based four stroke single cylinder diesel engine eddy current dynamometer This engine analysis software is software is lab view based software developed by TECH-ED for testing of performance analysis and combustion analysis of the given engine test setup Swept volume 562cc Compression ratio 16.5:1 Rated speed 15rpm ISSN: Page 4536

3 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 4 Issue 1 - Oct 213 IX.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Performance and emission characteristics of a high speed diesel engine at various loads from no load to full load fueled with tobacco seed oil and its diesel blends are discussed below as per the results obtained. A. Torque V/S Bsfc: The variation of brake specific fuel consumption with torque is shown in fig. the plot reveals that as the torque increases the fuel consumption decreases. The BSFC of tobacco seed oil blends increases when compared to the diesel at full load condition Bsfc(kg/Kwh) TORQUE V/S BSFC Blend 1 Blend 2 Blend B. Torque V/S Air Fuil Rate: The variation air fuel ratio with torque is shown in fig. from the plot observed that as the load increases the air fuel ratio decreases. The air fuel ratio of tobacco seed oil blends decreases less when compared to the diesel at full load condition. Air fuil rate TORQUE V/S AIRFUIL RATE Blend 1 Blend 2 Blend 3 C. Torque V/S Bth Efficiency: The variation of brake thermal efficiency with torque is shown in fig. from the plot observed that as the torque increases the brake thermal efficiency increases. The brake thermal efficiency of tobacco seed oil blends increases when compared to the diesel at full load condition. BTh efficiancy(%) Torque v/s BTh efficiancy Blend 1 Blend 2 Blend 3 ISSN: Page 4537

4 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 4 Issue 1 - Oct 213 D. Torque V/S Mechanical Efficiency: The variation of mechanical efficiency with torque is shown in fig. the plot reveals that as the torque increases the mechanical efficiency increases The mechanical efficiency of tobacco seed oil blends decreases when compared to the diesel at full load condition. Mechanical efficiancy(%) TORQUE V/S MECHANICAL EFFICIANCY Blend 1 Blend 2 Blend 3 decreases. The carbon monoxide of tobacco seed oil blends decreases when compared to the diesel at full load condition. Co% TORQUE V/S CO B. Hydro Carbons: The variation of hydro carbons with torque is shown in fig. from the plot observed that as the torque increases the hydrocarbon increases. The hydro carbon of tobacco seed oil blends decreases when compared to the diesel at full load condition. diesel B1 B2 B3 X.VARIATION OF UNBURNED HYDROCARBON WITH TORQUE A. C Emissions: The variation of carbon monoxide with torque is shown in fig. from the plot observed that as the torque increases the carbon monoxide Hc(ppm) TORQUE V/S HC DIESEL B1 B2 B3 ISSN: Page 4538

5 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 4 Issue 1 - Oct 213 C. Oxides Of Nitrogen: The variation of nitrogen oxide with torque is shown in fig. from the plot observed that as the torque increases the nitrogen oxide increases. The nitrogen oxide of tobacco seed oil blends increases when compared to the diesel at full load condition. Nox(ppm) XI. CONCLUSION The conclusions derived from present analysis TORQUE V/S NOX Torque (Nm) diesel B1 B2 B3 The analyzed mechanical properties of tobacco seed oil based biodiesel are near to the pure diesel. The Brake specific fuel consumption is increases with the blends when compared to diesel. Brake thermal efficiency decreased with all blends when compared to the conventional diesel fuel. CO and HC emissions are decreased significantly with the blends when compared with diesel. Emission of Nox are increases with the blends when compared to diesel. XI. REFERENCES [1] Bello E.I and Makanju, Production, Characterization and Evaluation of Castor oil Biodiesel as Alternative Fuel for Engines, Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 211,PP [2] Y. V. V. Satyanarayana Murthy, Performance Of Tobacco Oil-Based Bio- Fuel In A Single Cylinder Direct Injection Engine International Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 5(13), pp , 18 October, 21. [3] Athanasios Balafoutis, Spyros Fountas, Athanasios Natsis and George Papadakis Performance and Emissions of Sunflower, Rapeseed, and Cottonseed Oils as Fuels in an Agricultural Tractor Engine Athanasios International Scholarly Research Network ISRN Renewable Energy,211, Article ID 53151, 12 pages. [4] M. Pugazhvadivu1 and G. Sankaranarayanan Experimental Studies On A Engine Using Mahua Oil As Fuel, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 3 No. 7 (July 21), PP [5] Md. Nurun Nabi and S. M. Najmul Hoque Biodiesel Production From Linseed Oil And Performance Study Of A Engine With Bio- Fuels Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. ME39, No. 1, June 28.,PP4-44 [6] S-ehmus Altun, Hu samettin Bulut,_, Cengiz O ner The Comparison Of Engine Performance And Exhaust Emission Characteristics Of Sesame Oil Fuel Mixture With Fuel In A Direct Injection Engine, Renewable Energy 33 (28) [7] V.R. Sivakumar, V.Gunaraj, P.Rajendran Statistical Analysis On The Performance Of Engine With Jatropha Oil As An Alternate Fuel International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 2(12), 21, ISSN: Page 4539