TO ANALYSE THE PERFORMANCE TEST OF HIBICUS OIL IN DIFFERENT BLENDED RATIOS

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1 Volume 118 No , ISSN: (printed version); ISSN: (on-line version) url: ijpam.eu TO ANALYSE THE PERFORMANCE TEST OF HIBICUS OIL IN DIFFERENT BLENDED RATIOS K,Surendra Babu 1,B.Samuvel Michael² samuvelmichael@avit.ac.in 1,2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of technology ================================================================== ABSTRACT:- Nowadays Fast depletion of fossil fuels, rapid increase in the prices of petroleum products and harmful exhaust emissions from the engine jointly created renewed interest among researchers to find the suitable alternative fuels. The interest in using Hibiscus species (Hibiscus cannabin us and Hibiscus sabdariffa) as feedstock s for the production of bio-diesel is rapidly growing. Different percentage of Hibiscus cannabin us and Hibiscus sabdariffa biodiesel blended with diesel. The performance and combustion characteristics of blends were evaluated at variable loads at constant rate speed and results were finally compared with the diesel. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX INTRODUCTION Petroleum products derived from crude oil continue to be the major sources of energy for fueling vehicles all over the world. However, petroleum reserves are limited and are non renewable. Diesel engine has gained the name and fame in serving the society in many ways. Its main attractions are ruggedness in construction, simplicity in operation and ease of maintenance The renewable energy sources will increase the rate of economic growth and national development. This is particularly significant for a country like India with plenty of wastelands where plants to produce biofuels can be cultivated. This activity also will generate employment for the poor. If the energy need of rural areas can be met by locally available fuels, then the problem of large imports of crude can be eased out a little. Fuels suitable for rural applications should have the capability to be used with little processing Hibiscus species are the plants which belong to Malvaceae family and are native to Southern Asia and West Africa respectively. These two plants can grow well under such adverse climate because of their low moisture demands, fertility requirements and tolerance to high temperatures and are a drought-resistant warm season annual or biennial, herbaceous plants growing to about 16-2 ft tall with a woody base in a wide range of soils.[15] The stems are 1-2cm in diameter and often but not always branched. The leaves are 1-15cm long, variable in shape with leaves near to the base of the stems. The properties of hibiscus oil Properties Hibiscus Oil Diesel oil Density at 15 C (kg/m 3 ) Viscosity At 4 C (Centi Stroke) Flash point ( C) Fire point ( C) Cetane Number Calorific Value (kj/kg) EXPERIMENTAL TEST SET UP A 3.5 kw, 15 rpm, Kirloskar diesel engine is used in this investigation as shown in Fig The detailed specification given in Table 3.1. Two separate fuel tanks with a fuel switching system are used, one for diesel (D1) and the other for bio oil (B1). Fuel consumption is measured using optical sensor. A differential pressure transducer is used to measure airflow rate. Engine is coupled with an eddy current dynamometer to control engine torque through computer. Engine speed and load are controlled by varying excitation current to eddy current dynamometer using Dynamometer controller. A piezoelectric pressure transducer is installed in engine cylinder head to 963

2 NOX (ppm) measure combustion pressure. Signals from pressure transducer are fed to charge amplifier. A high precision crank angle encoder is used to give signals for top dead centre and crank angle. The signals from charge amplifier and crank angle encoder are supplied to data acquisition system. An AVL exhaust gas analyzer and AVL smoke meter are used to measure emission parameters and smoke intensity respectively. Thermocouples (chrommel alumel) are used to measure exhaust temperature, coolant temperature, and inlet air temperature. Eddy Current Dynamometer An eddy current dynamometer of 3.5 kw (15 rpm) capacities is directly coupled with the engine. The engine and air cooled eddy current dynamometer are coupled using tyre coupling. The output shaft of the engine is connected to the dynamometer through a torque transducer for measuring torque. A torque transducer provides an electrical signal that is proportional to torque. A load cell is an electronic device (transducer) that is used to convert a force into an electrical signal. The load to the engine can be varied by operating the potentiometer provided on the panel or through computer. 6. Fuel Tank. 7. Air Stabilizing Tank. 8. Air Filter. 9. AVL Smoke Meter 1. AVL Di-gas Analyzer 11. Pressure Transducer. 12. TDC Encoder. 13. Charge Amplifier 14. Indimeter. 15. Monitor. 16. Exhaust Silencer Gas analyzer specifications (Type AVL DiGas 444) Exhaust gas Measurement Range CO 1 vol.% HC 2, ppm CO2 O2 NOx 2 vol.% 22 vol.% 5 ppm RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Comparative statements of NOX Emissions for bio fuel NOX Emmission 1. Kirloskar TV1 Engine Eddy Current Dynamometer. HB2-8 HB4-6 HB Injector. 4. Fuel Pump. 5. VCR Arrangement. Fig.4.1 Load vs NOx Fig.4.1 shows the variation of NOx emission with load. When the load increases NOx 964

3 CO (% vol.) smoke (%) HC (% vol.) CO2 (% vol.) emission also increases. For maximum load for diesel 1572 ppm, B2-212, B4 215 ppm. When compared to diesel B2 and B4 produce less NOx emission. Comparative statements of HC Emissions for bio fuel HC Emission HB2-8 HB4-6 HB2-8+1 Fig.4.2 Load vs HC Fig.4.2 shows the variation of HC emission with load. When the load increases HC emission also increases. For maximum load for B2D8 1ppm, B4D6 1ppm, B2 D8+1-1ppm. When compared to diesel B2 and B4 produce less HC emission. Comparative statements of CO Emissions for bio fuel.4%, B4D6.4%, B2 D %vol. When compared to diesel B2 and B4 produce less CO emission. Comparative statements of HC Emissions for bio fuel CO2 Emission HB2-8 HB4-6 HB2-8+1 Fig.4.4 Load vs CO2 Fig.4.4 shows the variation of CO2 emission with load. When the load increases HC emission also increases. For maximum load for B2D8 1.3 %, B4D6 1.2%, B2 D %vol. When compared to diesel B2 and B4 produce less CO2 emission. Comparative statements of Smoke Emissions for bio fuel.1 CO Emission HB2-8 5 HB HB2-8+1 Fig.4.3 Load vs CO Smoke HB2-8 HB4-6 HB2-8+1 Fig.4.3 shows the variation of CO emission with load. When the load increases HC emission also increases. For maximum load for B2D8 Fig.4.5 Load vs Smoke Opacity Fig.4.5 shows the variation of Smoke opacity with load. When the load increases BTE 965

4 FC (kg/kw-hr) BTE (%) also increases. For maximum load for B %, B4 64.3%, B2D % when compared to diesel B2 and B4 produce less smoke opacity. Comparative statements of Brake Thermal Efficiency for bio fuel Fig.4.6 Load vs BTE Fig.4.6 shows the variation of BTE with load. When the load increases BTE also increases. For maximum load for diesel 31.5 %, B %, B %. BTE almost same as that of diesel fuel. Comparative statements of Specific Fuel Consumption for bio fuel HB2-8 HB2-8+1 Brake Thermal Efficiency Load (kg) Fig.4.7 Load vs FC HB4-6 Fuel Consumption 5 1 HB2-8 HB2-8+1 Load (kg) HB4-6 Fig.4.7 shows the variation of FC with load. When the load increases FC also decreases. For maximum load for diesel.26 B2.27, B4.27 kg/kw-hr. FC slightly higher than that of diesel fuel. CONCLUSION Following are our conclusion based on the experimental results obtained while operating a single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with Hibiscus oil 1. Results shows that same brake thermal efficiency for maximum load when Hibiscus oil used as fuel. 2. Specific fuel consumption for maximum load same for other loads. 3. Carbon monoxide and carbon diode comparatively lower than diesel fuel and smoke opacity of Hibiscus oil is higher than that of diesel. 4. Nitric oxide emission of Hibiscus oil is lower than that of diesel. REFERENCES Babu A.K., G. Devaradjne. (23), Vegetable Oils and their Derivatives as Fuels for CI Engines An Over View, SAE Technical Paper Bacon, D. M., F. Brear, I. D. Moncrieff, and K. L. Walker. (1981)The use of vegetable oils in straight and modified form as diesel engine fuels. Beyond the Energy Crisis-Opportunity and Challenge Volume III. Third International Conference on Energy Use Management. Berlin (West). Eds. R. A. Fazzolare and C. R. Smith,. Pergamon Press, Oxford. PP: Bettis, B. L., C. L. Peterson, D. L. Auld, D. J. Driscoll, and E. D. Peterson. (1982) Fuel characteristics of 966

5 vegetable oil from oilseed crops in the Pacific Northwest. Agronomy Journal, 74(March/April): Bruwer, J. J., B. D. Boshoff, F. J. C. Hugo, L. M. DuPlessis, J. Fuls, C. Hawkins, A. N. VanderWalt, and A. Engelbert. (1981)The Utilization of sunflower seed oil as renewable fuel diesel engines. In Agricultural Energy, Vol. 2, Biomass Energy/Crop Production. ASAE Publication St. Joseph, MI: ASAE. Gerhard Vellguth (1983), Performance of Vegetable Oils and their Monoesters as Fuels for Diesel Engines, SAE Paper Murthy P.V.K., M.V.S.Murali Krishna, C.M.Vara Prasad and A.V. Sita Rama Raju,(27) Performance of High Grade Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine with Crude PongamiaOil, International Conference on IC Engines (ICONICE), Dec 6-9,PP: Prudhvi Dilip.G. V., K. Appa Rao, Performance and Emission Analysis of a Four Stroke Diesel Engine Fueled with Hibiscus Oil Ethyl Ester, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 4 Issue 7, July-215, PP Senthil Kumar M., A. Ramesh and B. Nagalingam, (21) Experimental Investigations on a Jatropha Oil Methanol Duel Fuel Engine, SAE Paper No Siva kumar A., Dr. D.maheswar & Dr. K.vijaya kumar reddy,(27) comparision of performance parameters by using jatropha and fish oil as biodiesel, International Conference On IC Engines (ICONICE), Dec 6-9, PP: Pavan. G, M.Rajesh, K.Srinivas (214) Performance and Exhaust Emissions Using Blends on VCR Diesel Engine with Varying Compression Ratio of Hibiscus Oil, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Vol. Issue 2, PP Jindal, S; Goyal, K (212) Evaluation of performance and emissions of Hibiscus cannabinus (Ambadi) seed oil biodiesel, Technologies and Environmental Policy Vol. 14, Issue 4, PP

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