TABLE S-1 Emission source and source profile categorization in the PRD region
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2 TABLE S-1 Emission source and source profile categorization in the PRD region Emission Source a Source Profile b Power Plant combustion Coal burning-boiler Industry combustion Coal burning-boiler Petrol distribution & handling Gasoline evaporation Oil refinery Oil refinery Printing Printing Mobile sources Motorcycle Motorcycle Marine Agricultural machinery Airport Agricultural machinery VOC product-related Painting Building paint Coating Solvent Biogenic sources Biogenic sources Others Biomass burning Biomass burning Coal burning- residential Coal burning-residential LPG LPG a Zheng et al.(18); b Liu et al (8). Note:
3 TABLE S-2. The Speciated VOC Emissions and Contributions to OFP (%) in the PRD in 2006 VOC Species Size (kt/yr) VOCs Emissions Contribution (%) VOC Species MIR (g/g) Ozone Formation Potentials Size (kt/yr) Contribution (%) toluene isoprene isoprene mp-xylene methanol ethylene benzene toluene mp-xylene propene ethylene o-xylene isopentane ,2,4-trimethylbenzene α-pinene butene n-nonane methyl-2-butene methylpentane α-pinene o-xylene m-ethyltoluene propene ,3,5-trimetylbenzene ethylbenzene ,2,3-trimethylbenzene β-pinene t-2-pentene ,2,4-trimethylbenzene β-pinene ethane t-2-butene n-octane ethylbenzene methylpentane c-2-butene m-ethyltoluene isopentane butene c-2-pentene methylhexane o-ethyltoluene methylcyclohexane ,3-butadiene n-decane t-3-methyl-2-pentene acetylene benzene carene carene n-undecane methanol n-heptane acetaldehyde acetone methylpentane n-pentane c-3-methyl-2-pentene n-hexane sabinene methyl-2-butene d-limonene methylhexane pentene n-butane methylpentane methylheptane methyl-1-butene o-ethyltoluene methyl-cyclopentene ,3,5-trimetylbenzene t-2-hexene sabinene methylcyclohexane ethanol formaldehyde t-2-pentene methyl-1-pentene ,2,3-trimethylbenzene n-nonane d-limonene c-3-heptene methylcyclopentane methylhexane
4 n-propane methylhexane acetaldehyde heptene n-propylbenzene n-pentane β-phellandrene c-2-hexene cyclohexane n-octane methylheptane methylcyclopentane methyl-1-butene n-hexane t-2-butene acetylene ,3-dimethylbutane n-heptane c-2-pentene p-ethyltoluene pentene n-propylbenzene c-2-butene ethanol r-cymene methylheptane methyl-1-pentene n-butane isobutane hexanal ,3-dimethylpentane m-diethylbenzene hexenyl acetate cyclopentene hexenal methyl-1-butene hexenol p-diethylbenzene ,3-butadiene n-decane heptene c-2-heptene ,2,4-trimethylpentane naphthalene t-3-methyl-2-pentene terpinolene c-3-heptene t-3-heptene t-2-hexene n-undecane n-dodecane t-2-heptene styrene cyclohexane ,4-dimethylpentane camphene myrcene isopropylbenzene naphthalene ethane ,4-dimethylhexane methylheptane p-ethyltoluene ,3-dimethylpentane c-3-methyl-2-pentene styrene butanone isobutane formaldehyde acetone hexanal ,3-dimethylbutane isopropylbenzene ,4-dimethylhexane methyl-cyclopentene ,2,4-trimethylpentane c-1,4,or ,4-dimethylpentane ,3-dimethylcyclohexane 1.46 p-diethylbenzene methyl-1-pentene ,3,4-trimethylpentane n-propane methylheptane hexenyl acetate c-2-hexene t-2-octene methylchroride cyclopentane propyne methyl-1-pentene
5 m-diethylbenzene methylheptane cyclopentene ,3,4-trimethylpentane camphene t-1,3-dimethylcyclohexa ne camphor n-dodecane bornylacetate Indene α-thujene octene terpinolene o-diethylbenzene α-terpinene ,2-dimethylbutane γ-terpinene acetic acid ocimene nonene ,8-cineole camphor piperitone cyclohexene methyl-1-butene n-undecene t-2-methyl-2-pentene c-1,4-dimethylcyclohex ane t-1,3-dimethylcyclohexan e ,2,5-trimethylhexane t-3-heptene formic acid c-2-heptene ,6-dimethyloctane acetic acid methylchroride c-1,4,or formic acid ,3-dimethylcyclohexan e cyclopentane propyne Indene t-2-methyl-2-pentene t-2-heptene β-phellandrene 2,2-dimethylbutane r-cymene 3-methyl-1-pentene myrcene 4-methyl-1-pentene bornylacetate t-2-octene α-thujene 1-octene α-terpinene 1-nonene γ-terpinene 2,2,5-trimethylhexane ocimene n-undecene ,8-cineole o-diethylbenzene piperitone c-1,4-dimethylcyclohexa ne butanone cyclohexene hexenal 3,6-dimethyloctane hexenol Others Others total total a the last 17 species listed in the OFP column weren t counted in the ozone formation potential calculation because of the lack of their MIR. )
6 Table S-3 VOC emission inventories of Pearl River Delta in recent years Emission(kt/yr) Sector Zhang and HG-JWGSDEP CH2M HILL HG-JWGSDE Streets Zheng et al (1997-based) (2000-based) P (2003-based) INTREX-B (2006-based) ( 2006-based) Power plants Industry Transportation VOC NA products-related other sources NA 19.6 Total anthropogenic sources Biogenic sources NA NA NA Total
7 100% 90% LPG Biogenic sources 80% Oil refinery 70% Printing 60% Biomass burning 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Guangzhou Shenzhen Zhuhai Foshan Jiangmen Dongguan Zhongshan Huizhou Zhaoqing Coal burning-residential Solvent Building paint Motorcycle Gasoline evaporation Coal burning-boiler FIGURE S-1. VOC Emission Source Contributions at different cities of PRD region
8 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% toluene isoprene methanol benzene mp-xylene ethylene isopentane n-nonane 2-methylpentane LPG Biogenic sources Oil refinery Printing Biomass burning Coal burning-residential Solvent Building paint Motorcycle Gasoline evaporation Coal burning-boiler FIGURE S-2. Source contributions for the top 10 VOC species in emissions
9 FIGURE S-3. Source contributions to propane emissions Coal burning-boiler Gasoline evaporation Motorcycle Building paint Solvent Coal burning-residential Biomass burning Printing Oil refinery Biogenic sources LPG
10 Coal burning-boiler Gasoline evaporation Motorcycle Building paint Biomass burning Coal burning-residential Solvent Printing Oil refinery Biogenic sources LPG FIGURE S-4. Source contributions to butene emissions
11 FIGURE S-5. The spatial distributions of NO x emission in the PRD region
12 FIGURE S-6. The spatial distributions of VOCs emission in the PRD region
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