Developing New Methods, Techniques to Improve Heavy-Duty Natural Gas Engine Performance
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1 Developing New Methods, Techniques to Improve Heavy-Duty Natural Gas Engine Performance By: Mehrzad Kaiadi Supervisor: Associate Prof. Per Tunestål GERG ACADEMIC NETWORK EVENT Division of Combustion Engines, Dept. of Energy Sciences Lund University Sweden
2 Gas Lund University Contents Background Objectives Experimental setup Results Conclusion Future Work 2
3 Background Gas Lund University World Energy Consumption World CO2 Production Source: Energy Information Administration (EIA) 3
4 Background Gas Lund University The main fuel in transporttation sector are Diesel & Gasoline Natural Gas is a good alternative fuel Availability Reliability of resources Costs Bridge to Hydrogen Society CH 4 + H 2 O --> CO + 3H 2 4
5 Background Gas Lund University High octane number Cleaner fuel (mainly CH4) Gasoline Natural gas Source: SwRI Source: Heywood 5
6 Background Gas Lund University Stoichiometric better choice Almost same performance Lower emissions (3-way CAT) 6
7 Objectives Gas Lund University Lower Comp-Ratio Throttling losses Lower fuel density Lower Comp-Ratio Higher Exhaust-Temp Knock Narrow A/F window 7
8 Experimental Setup Gas Lund University Number of Cylinder Displacement 6 9,4 Liter Bore 120 mm Stroke 138 mm Compression Ratio Ignition sequence Fuel 10,5: Natural Gas 8
9 Gas Lund University New features Multi-Port fuel injection is designed (Single point injection is replaced) Why? Control fuel injection for each cylinder individually Rapid engine response to change throttle position Ion-Current measurments Flexible control system 9
10 Gas Lund University Results High performance Model-based controllers to ensure the transient capability Hythane Improving Engine Efficiency at Part Loads Closed-loop dilution limit control Developing new method for calculating combustion stability Engine modifications to improve efficiency & Extend the Maximum load limit 10
11 EGR Reduces Throttling Losses SAE Paper# Throttle Air 1- Without EGR Same load Air EGR 2- With EGR Using optimum amount of EGR can minimize the losses 11
12 Calculation of COV(IMEP) SAE Paper# COV is a normalized standard deviation over large number of cycles Mean value changes during transients Replacing mean value by filtered IMEP to remove deterministic changes from COV IMEP ( k + 1) = λ IMEP ( k) + (1 λ ) IMEP ( k) filtered m filtered m net COV imep 2 ( IMEP net IMEP ) = N 100 ( IMEP ) λ Selected depending on expected time constants m 12
13 Calculation of COV(IMEP) SAE Paper#
14 Control SAE Paper#
15 Pumping Losses SAE Paper# Throttle Position [%] PMEP 1200 RPM Not tested data 25% PMEP decreases BMEP 2.5 bar BMEP 4 bar BMEP 5.5 bar % Unstable PMEP region decreases EGR Valve Position [%] % PMEP decreases
![Fuel Consumption 45 SFC [g/kwh] @ 1200 RPM SAE Paper#2008-01-1722 320 Throttle Position [%] 40 35 30 Not tested data 4.5 % Lower fuel Consumption BMEP 2.](/docs-images/93/111597781/images/16-0.jpg "5 bar BMEP 4 bar BMEP 5.5 bar Unstable region 25 0 20 40 60 80 EGR Valve Position [%] 300 280 5 % Lower fuel Consumption 5.")
16 Fuel Consumption 45 SFC 1200 RPM SAE Paper# Throttle Position [%] Not tested data 4.5 % Lower fuel Consumption BMEP 2.5 bar BMEP 4 bar BMEP 5.5 bar Unstable region EGR Valve Position [%] % Lower fuel Consumption 5.9 % Lower fuel Consumption
17 Gas Lund University Engine Modification New Piston design Higher compresion ratio Higher turbulence level New EGR Configuration Higher EGR rate Faster & more rebust control of EGR VGT Adjusting boost pressure Minimizing throttle losses 17
18 Improving Efficiency Gas Lund University Combustion Duration Vs. Engine (WOT) Original Piston Quarttet Piston 0.48 Gross-Indicated Efficiency Vs. Engine WOT Combustion Duration [CAD] Engine Speed [RPM] Gross-Indicated Efficiency [-] Original Piston Quarttet Piston Engine Speed [RPM] 18
19 Extending the dilution limit Gas Lund University COV [%] Cyclic variation Vs. EGR rate / Original Piston Cylinder 1 Cylinder 2 Cylinder 3 Cylinder 4 Cylinder 5 Cylinder 6 COV [%] Cyclic variation Vs. EGR rate / Quartette Piston Cylinder 1 Cylinder 2 Cylinder 3 Cylinder 4 Cylinder 5 Cylinder EGR Rate [%] EGR Rate [%] 19
20 Extending the load limit Gas Lund University Maximum Load Vs. Engine (WOT) 18% higher load BMEP [Bar] Original Piston Quarttet Piston Quarttet Piston & VGT Engine Speed [RPM] 20
21 Gas Lund University Conclusions New methods & Techniques are developed to Improve all operation area Extend Maximum load limit by ~18% Ensure catalyst high efficiency 21
22 Gas Lund University Future Work Minimizing throttling losses be means of VGT Lots of potentials by running on LNG Utilizing the Cold Energy 22
23 Contact information Phone:
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