RESEARCH INTO EMISSIONS OF NITROGEN OXIDES WHEN CONVERTING THE DIESEL ENGINES TO ALTERNATIVE FUELS

Transcription

1 Easten-Euopean Jounal of Entepise Technologies ISSN /1 ( 91 ) 18 5 ashta T Machine uilding Hydaulics: spav pos Мoscow: Mashynostoyeniye p 6 Sibikin Y Refeence ook fo a Constuction Electician: textbook Moscow elin: Diect Media 331 p 7 Yavoskiy Detlaf A Handbook of Physics -nd ed Мoscow: Nauka p 8 noepfel H Magnetic Fields: A Compehensive Theoetical Teatise fo Pactical Use John Wiley & Sons p 9 Yezhov S Makaets M Romanenko O Classic Mechanincs yiv: PPC yivskiy Uivesitet 8 48 p 3 Vinokuov V Modeling of Destuction of Geomateials Paticles in Centifugal Mills // Moden Poblems of Science and Education Issue 6 URL: Розроблена математична модель розрахунку викидів оксидів азоту у відпрацьованих газах дизельних двигунів та двигунів переобладнаних на газове паливо Виконані в лабораторних умовах експериментальні дослідження дизельного двигуна моделі X17DTL автомобіля Опель Астра на викиди оксидів азоту у відпрацьованих газах дизельного двигуна та двигуна конвертованого на газове паливо Ключові слова: альтернативні палива дизельний двигун оксиди азоту конвертація двигуна на газ Разработана математическая модель расчета выбросов оксидов азота в отработанных газах дизельных двигателей и двигателей переоборудованных на газовое топливо Выполнены в лабораторных условиях экспериментальные исследования дизельного двигателя модели X17DTL автомобиля Опель Астра на выбросы оксидов азота в отработанных газах дизельного двигателя и двигателя конвертированного на газовое топливо Ключевые слова: альтернативные топлива дизельный двигатель оксиды азота конвертация двигателя на газ UDC 6-6 DOI: / RESEARCH INTO EMISSIONS OF NITROGEN OXIDES WHEN CONVERTING THE DIESEL ENGINES TO ALTERNATIVE FUELS S yshtopa Docto of Technical Sciences Associate Pofesso Depatment of Automechanical Nadvina College of National Tanspot Univesity Sobona st 177 Nadvina Ukaine ksv@uknet M Panchuk PhD Associate Pofesso Depatment of welding stuctues and estoation of machine pats** 4bekyt@ambleu Dolishnii PhD Associate Pofesso* autoifntung@uknet L yshtopa PhD Associate Pofesso Depatment of Highe Mathematics** likyshtopa@mailu M Hnyp Postgaduate student* maichka_gnip@uknet О Skalatska PhD Depatment of Publishing and Editing Odessa I I Mechnikov National Univesity Dvoyanskaya st Odessa Ukaine elena-s8@uknet *Depatment of Oil and Gas Technological Tanspot** **Ivano-Fankivsk National Technical Univesity of Oil and Gas apatska st 15 Ivano-Fankivsk Ukaine Intoduction Oil eseves in the depths of the Eath constantly educe Accoding to the optimistic foecasts at existing exploed eseves and cuent levels of oil extaction petoleum will last fo about fifty yeas The second enegy esouce afte oil that can be utilized as fuel fo engines is natual gas Many counties of the wold have long come to undestand how seious and necessay it is to develop altenative enegy geneation At pesent against the backgound of diffeent 16 S yshtopa M Panchuk Dolishnii L yshtopa M Hnyp О Skalatska 18

2 Ecology gas disputes and volatile oil pices thee is a constantly ising demand fo enegy esouces which necessitates the seach fo innovative solutions to enegy poblems Many of the leading counties of the wold ae actively engaged in seaching fo altenative enegy souces and the implementation of new technologies to incease the volumes of enegy esouces [1] Cuently natual gas is used in most counties of the wold as a moto fuel Low pice and high envionmental chaacteistics contibute to utilizing gas as a moto fuel [] Studies show that diesel engines which ae conveted to altenative fuels have vey high taction dynamic and economic chaacteistics and even significantly outpefom basic diesel engines in tems of envionmental impact This allows us to asset that in ode to solve a compehensive global task on educing the consumption ate of liquid petoleum fuels it is necessay to significantly incease the numbe of powe dives with engines that un on altenative fuels To this end among othe aeas it is equied to ceate fo engines of moto tanspot and othe machines a technology fo conveting existing diesel powe dives into gas engines In this case the diesel powe dives that would be conveted into such gas engines will make it possible to educe the negative impact of engines on the envionment One of the most advese envionmental poblems at the pesent stage of development of designs of intenal combustion engines is the emission of nitogen oxides in exhaust gases This issue is especially elevant fo moden diesel engines that opeate on vey lean fuel mixtues Thus educing the levels of emissions of nitogen oxides in diesel engines by thei convesion to gas fuel is an impotant task fo specialists in the field of design and opeation of intenal combustion engines Liteatue eview and poblem statement When opeating intenal combustion engines the oxides of nitogen fom as a esult of the oxidation of nitogen by ai oxygen in the pocess of fuel combustion The pocesses of fomation of nitogen oxides duing combustion of vaious fuels wee investigated in pape [3] The authos established that the concentation of nitogen oxides in the exhaust gases is affected by both nitogen fom the ai and the nitogen contained in fuel; howeve effect of nitogen in the fuel on the fomation of nitogen oxides was ovestated Pape [4] investigated quantitative chaacteistics of nitogen oxides fomation duing fuel combustion It was established that the amount of nitogen oxides depends on the type of engine paametes of the woking pocess and the envionment; howeve no effect of opeation modes of an engine on the fomation of nitogen oxides was examined Study into concentation of nitogen oxides in exhaust gases of the diesel engines that un on a mixtue of methanol with diesel fuel was epoted in papes [5 6] It was found that one of the main factos that affect the emissions of nitogen oxides is the tempeatue of combustion in the combustion chambe [5] It was established in [6] that the main amount of nitogen oxides is poduced in diesel engines duing the fist phase of combustion The specified papes howeve failed to investigate influence of the angle of otation of the engine cankshaft on the concentation of nitogen oxides in exhaust gases Inteesting eseach into eduction of ecocacinogenic dange of vehicles though the use of altenative fuels was undetaken in pape [7] It is shown that the fomation of 9 % of cacinogenic substances contained in exhaust gases is due to the pocess of combustion The task esolved by the autho of the wok implies the establishment of an integated index of ecocacinogenic dange of automobiles though the citeia wee not defined fo its compliance with cuent intenational standads taking into account sanitay-hygienic egulations fo cacinogenic and toxic components The automotive copoation amaz conveted the diesel engine amaz-74 into a gas engine opeating on methane in line with the envionmental standads Euo 5 with a vaiable feed of ai-gas mixtue to the engine inlet system and spak ignition [8] The enginees pefomed laboatoy and field tests of the designed engine and found that the conveted gas engine bought down the emissions indicatos fo nitogen oxides by 35 % compaed to the basic diesel engine Howeve the autho paid no attention to the link between the emission of nitogen oxides and the capacity taken fom the engine Authos of pape [9] pefomed bench tests of the diesel engine D1A1 when opeating on mixtues of diesel fuel and fusel oils The expeiments evealed that an incease in the shae of fusel oils in fuel mixtues led to an incease in the content of nitogen oxides by 5 15 % The poblem epoted is in the fact that the use of some altenative fuels leads to lowe fuel costs but at the same time inceases emissions of cacinogenic substances Study into using alcohols as a fuel fo the diesel engines is descibed in [1] ased on the diesel engine 1Ch 1/ authos designed an expeimental setup and found that using 5 % of methyl alcohol in the mixtue educed emissions of nitogen oxides by 3 % Howeve it was detemined whethe the emissions of nitogen oxides ae affected by otation fequency of the engine cankshaft Development and estimation of paticulate filtes fo the pocess of continuous egeneation of nitogen oxides wee epoted in pape [11] The aticle descibed a constucted mathematical model of nitogen oxides egeneation and the loss of pessue in the filtes of nitogen oxides egeneation The authos did not expeimentally veify the poposed mathematical model Study [1] exploed ways of educing hamful emissions fom automobiles into atmosphee and techniques fo conveting automobile engines to altenative fuels The main diection of eseach was the development of methods to inhibit the ate of global waming Howeve the authos did not popose any adequate mathematical model to descibe the mechanisms of fomation of excess heat Much attention is paid to the emissions of nitogen oxides soot and cabonyl compounds fom diesel and gasoline engines of passenge cas based on the standads Euo 4 and Euo 5 [13] Tests wee conducted fo fou vehicles in line with Euo 5 and two cas in line with Euo 4 with diesel engines equipped with the additive and catalytic filtes The esults showed that in compaison with cycles of hot stat the cycles of cold stat inceased the emissions of all pollutants by up to two times The authos howeve paid insufficient attention to checking the esults at a dynamometic bench Statistical data on 39 diesel passenge buses that comply with standads Euo 6 on a test oute wee gatheed by Ameican specialists [] The esults evealed a lage 17

3 Easten-Euopean Jounal of Entepise Technologies ISSN /1 ( 91 ) 18 diffeence in emissions of nitogen oxides on uban outes depending on the band of the vehicle The aveage emissions of nitogen oxides on uban outes exceeded the established noms of Euo 6 by 45 times The authos howeve failed to establish links between the emissions of nitogen oxides and otation fequencies of engine cankshafts on city outes Thus at pesent thee is a need to detemine the content of toxic components in the exhaust gases of diesel engines e-equipped fo gas fuel including the content of nitogen oxides given the absence of adequate mathematical models that would make it possible 3 The aim and objectives of the study The aim of pesent study is to examine the emissions of nitogen oxides in the exhaust gases of diesel engines and in engines e-equipped fo gas fuel This is necessay to establish actual levels of emissions of cacinogenic substances fom diesel engines e-equipped fo gas fuel In pactice this would make it possible not only to educe fuel costs but significantly lowe emissions of toxic components fom the conveted diesel engines To accomplish the aim the following tasks have been set: to build a mathematical model fo estimating the emissions of nitogen oxides in the exhaust gases of diesel engines and engines e-equipped fo popane-butane mixtue; to establish pattens of change in the emissions of nitogen oxides when opeating on diesel fuel and when opeating on gas fuel at stable otation fequency of the cankshaft depending on a change in loading; to establish pattens of change in the emissions of nitogen oxides in the exhaust gases of an engine when opeating on diesel fuel and when opeating on gas fuel depending on otation fequency of the engine cankshaft 4 Constuction of a mathematical model fo estimating the emissions of nitogen oxides in exhaust gases The mathematical model to be constucted will make it possible to pefom calculations of the emissions of nitogen oxides in the exhaust gases of diesel engines e-equipped fo gas fuel unde diffeent modes of opeation Duing combustion of gas fuel in a diesel engine eequipped fo gas nitogen oxides fom as a esult of eaction of nitogen oxidation with oxygen in the ai In this case oxidation eaction mainly involves nitogen fom the atmospheic ai but in the pesence of nitogen in fuel the specified nitogen will also paticipate in the pocess of fomation of nitogen oxides duing combustion The calculation pocedue will be based on the basic pinciples of heat theoy: the amount of nitogen oxides is detemined by the maximum tempeatue of combustion and the concentations of nitogen and oxygen in the combustion poducts; the amount of nitogen oxides depends on the cooling ate of combustion poducts; fomation of nitogen dioxides occus moe intensively unde conditions of a leane ai-fuel mixtue; nitogen oxidation occus as a esult of the chain mechanism and in the zone of combustion poducts The following assumptions ae accepted fo calculations: the amount of nitogen oxides is not dependent on the chemical natue of fuel; tempeatues and pessues in the zone of combustion poducts ae the same at all points in the combustion chambe at a given moment of the engine cycle; combustion poducts ae homogeneous in thei composition; the chage of the cylinde is known as well as the fuel combustion law and the indicato chat In geneal the mechanism of nitogen oxides fomation consists of the following eactions: N + O = + O kj/mole (1) N + O = + N 316 kj/mole () N+ HO = + H (3) N+ O = + O (4) + O = (5) asic oxides fomed in the exhaust gases of intenal combustion engines ae and ased on equations (1) (5) we shall find the ate of fomation of and fom the following kinetic equations: = V 1 N O R 1 O + + V N O R N + + V 3 N H O R 3 H + + (6) V4 O R4 = V 5 N O R 5 O+ + (7) R4 V4 O whee N O O N HO H ae the concentations of N O O N H O H N O V 1 R 1 V R V 3 R 3 V 4 R 4 V 5 R ae the constants of eaction 5 ate (% с) -1 We shall apply the pinciple of stationay concentation fo diazate oxide N O accoding to which we accept the ate of its fomation being equal to zeo = Then the volumetic concentation of diazate oxide in line with (7) will equal + = + V5 N O R4 O ( R ) 5 V4 y substituting (8) in (6) we shall obtain = V 1 N O R 1 O + V N O + + R N V3 N HO R3 H V 5 N O + R 4 V4 O R4 O + + ( R ) 5 V4 To convet ate constants fom shall use equation 3 сm mole s to ( ) 1 (8) (9) %s we 18

4 Ecology c p = 83 1 T 6 whee p is the pessue of woking body in the combustion chambe Pa Dependences of ate constants of chemical eactions Vi Ri on the tempeatue of combustion of ai-fuel mixtues T ae taken based on an analysis of the scientific liteatue [15 19] and ae given in Table 1 V1 Rate constants of chemical eactions 3 сm Constant mole s 96 R = 1 33 T e (1) R R = 3 1 T e 1 (11) V R 3157 R e = (1) R = 31 1 e (13) V3 13 = 4 1 () R3 V4 865 = e (15) T e = (16) R T e 4 V5 = (17) = T e (18) R5 9 = 1 1 T e (19) Souce [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] Table 1 We shall detemine the ate of nitogen oxides fomation based on the angle of otation of the cankshaft fom a diffeential equation of nitogen oxides fomation on time (9) with espect to τ= φ Dependence of the ate of nitogen 6n oxides fomation on the angle of otation of the cankshaft will be witten in the fom of diffeential equation whee A C ae the initial constants that coespond to the calculation step φ is the calculation inteval step pcs Step of inteval φ at a given sampling fequency N and the fequency of otation of the cankshaft n is detemined with espect to φ = 6 n y integating diffeential equation () elative to φ we shall N obtain: 4AC + C 4C 4AC + + C 4C 4AC C ( φ+ const) 4C = e (4) 4AC Denote β= ecause accoding to expessions (1) and (3) constants A and C < the value β 4C always exists and β Then the volumetic concentation of nitogen oxides can be detemined fom fomula in the fom: + β C β ( φ+ const) +β C C ± +β e C + +β C = + β ( C ( const) ) 1 C β φ+ ± e + +β C (5) In expession (5) if >β we accept the plus C sign if <β we accept the minus sign C Theefoe expession (5) descibes the mathematical model which makes it possible to detemine the stating concentation of nitogen oxides in the exhaust gases fom diesel engines e-equipped fo gas fuel depending on the oiginal paametes: ate constants of chemical eactions Vi Ri stating concentation of nitogen oxides change in angle of otation φ of the engine cankshaft and the tempeatue of combustion of an ai-gas mixtue T A ange of change in the tempeatue of combustion of fuel-ai mixtues T vaies within 18 4 otation angle φ of the cankshaft changed in the ange of 7 5 Methods and mateials of expeimental eseach into emissions of nitogen oxides d dφ = А+ В + С whee p А = T n + + V5 N O R4 V1 N O V N O R + 5 V4 ( R ) 1 O R N p + = T n p C = T n + R5 R4 R5 V4 () (1) () (3) The pupose of expeimental eseach is to test the developed mathematical model fo calculating the emissions of nitogen oxides in the exhaust gases of diesel engines e-equipped fo gas fuel To pefom the set task specialist at Ivano-Fankivsk National Technical Univesity of Oil and Gas (Ukaine) e-equipped fo gas fuel the diesel engine X17DTL of the ca Opel Asta (Fig 1) The specified ca and its engine wee manufactued in and by the time the eseach stated the ca had taveled 186 thousand km Compession in the engine cylindes was 95 ± 5 MPa To e-equip the vehicle s diesel engine X17DTL fo the model Opel Asta fo gas the degee of engine compession was educed and popane-butane gas equipment made in Italy was installed Then we added the oiginal micopocesso DIS-ignition system of ou own design and optimized engine contol system opeation 19

5 Easten-Euopean Jounal of Entepise Technologies ISSN /1 ( 91 ) 18 a b Fuel tank of the ca was filled with diesel fuel of band L poduced at emenchug oil efiney Nozzle opening pessue was MPa Volumetic factions of nitogen oxides wee measued by the gas analyze Avtotest-3P (Russian Fedeation) Measuement ange of nitogen oxides is 5 ppm absolute eo of measuement is ±1 ppm When detemining the tempeatue of exhaust gases we used themocouples of L type and the logomete-potentiomete UP-M (Ukaine) In ode to pefom compaative estimation of envionmental indicatos of engine e-equipped fo gas against espective indicatos of the diesel engine we egisteed loading chaacteistics of the engine at fixed otation fequency of the cankshaft c Fig 1 Diesel engine of Opel Asta make e-equipped fo a popane-butane mixtue: a diesel engine of model X17DTL; b conveted engine cylinde head; c gas cylinde equipment ief technical specifications of the e-equipped diesel engine X17DTL Opel Asta make ae given in Table 6 Results of eseach into emissions of nitogen oxides in exhaust gases of the diesel engines conveted to gas fuel Fig 3 shows dependences of the emission of nitogen oxides in exhaust gases of the diesel engine X17DTL Opel Asta make The engine was examined when opeating on diesel fuel and when opeating on popane-butane at otation fequency of the cankshaft of 18 pm dependent on a change in loading No of enty Technical specifications of the e-equipped diesel engine X17DTL Paamete name 1 ase engine Conveted engine 3 Specification Table Diesel osch electonic injection system Gas (popane-butane mixtue) with electonic opeation system designed at IFNTUOG Woking volume of engine cm Rated powe kw (hp) 5 (68) Cankshaft otation fequency at opeational powe pm ase engine compession pessue Compession of engine conveted to gas The moto study was pefomed at the electic bake bench I-8964 GOSNITI with the ange of change in bake foce of 1 16 kn The bench consists of the following main components: left dum unit ight dum unit contol unit emote contol pedomete pedal switch Physical appeaance of the bench I-8964 GOSNITI and pocedue of expeimental eseach ae shown in Fig 1 x ppm a b c Fig Physical appeaance of the bench I-8964 GOSNITI: a dum unit; b contol unit; c conducting expeimental eseach; 1 bench unning dums; measuing unit; 3 emote contol; 4 vehicle; 5 wheels Ne kw Fig 3 Dependences of emissions of nitogen oxides x in exhaust gases of the diesel engine X17DTL Opel Asta make when opeating on diesel fuel and when opeating on a popane-butane mixtue at cankshaft otation fequency of 18 pm depending on a change in loading Ne: engine opeation on diesel fuel expeimental dependence; engine opeation on diesel fuel theoetical dependence; engine opeation on gas fuel expeimental dependence; engine opeation on gas fuel theoetical dependence ased on the esults of expeiments it is possible to note that the use of gas fuel compaed to the diesel fuel led to a significant eduction in the emissions of nitogen oxides in exhaust gases ove the entie loading mode Thus when opeating on diesel fuel at a powe take-off of 1 kw the emissions of nitogen oxides in exhaust gases of the base engine X17DTL Opel Asta make amounted to 55 ppm; and when the conveted moto opeated on a popane-butane mixtue 135 ppm In othe wods the eduction of emissions of nitogen oxides in the exhaust gases eached 471 % When opeating on diesel fuel at a powe take-off of 5 kw the emissions of nitogen oxides in exhaust gases of the base engine L amounted to 945 ppm and when the conveted engine opeated on a popane-butane

6 Ecology mixtue 57 ppm In othe wods the eduction of emissions of nitogen oxides in the exhaust gases was 397 % Fig 4 shows dependences of the emission of nitogen oxides in exhaust gases of the diesel engine X17DTL Opel Asta make when opeating on diesel fuel and gas fuel on the cankshaft otation fequency Thus when the base engine opeates at a cankshaft otation fequency of 1 pm thee is a elatively insignificant eduction in the emissions of nitogen oxides fom 79 ppm fo diesel fuel to 68 ppm fo gas fuel o by 139 % Howeve when the base engine opeates at a high fequency of 4 pm thee is a significant eduction in the emissions of nitogen oxides fom 655 ppm fo diesel fuel to 475 ppm fo gas fuel o by 75 % 9 x ppm n pm 4 Fig 4 Dependences of emissions of nitogen oxides x in exhaust gases of the diesel engine X17DTL Opel Asta make when opeating on diesel fuel and when opeating on a popane-butane mixtue on cankshaft otation fequency n: engine opeation on diesel fuel expeimental dependence; engine opeation on diesel fuel theoetical dependence; engine opeation on gas fuel expeimental dependence; engine opeation on gas fuel theoetical dependence The mathematical model was checked fo adequacy in the following ode We deived theoetical cuves fo the emissions of nitogen oxides based on the mathematical model and expeimental oscillogams of emissions The obtained theoetical cuves and oscillogams ae descibed by the polynomial models and the chaacte of change in the expeimental oscillogams and theoetical cuves fo the emissions of nitogen oxides is almost the same Next in line with the plan fo a symmetical full-factoial expeiment we detemined values of paametes at points in the plan based on which the coefficients fo polynomial models wee detemined by the least squae method Then employing values of the emissions of nitogen oxides estimated by the mathematical model and obtained expeimentally we defined vaiance of adequacy Next based on epeated expeiments we detemined vaiance of expeiment in mean points Polynomial models wee checked fo adequacy based on the Fishe F-citeion Values of the Fishe citeion F ехр calculated based on vaiances wee compaed to theoetical data F matmod If Fmatmod < Fexp then the model with a cetain pobability can be consideed adequate Reliable pobability is 95 % because when checking the model fo adequacy we employed tables fo the Fishe citeion at a 5 % level of significance Results of ou expeiments indicated that the values of emissions of nitogen oxides obtained based on the mathematical model diffeed fom those obtained expeimentally in a ange fom 17 % to 46 % The discepancy between the theoetical and expeimental data can be explained by the diffeence in enegy chaacteistics and technical condition of the actual engine fom those accepted in the model 7 Discussion of esults of eseach into emissions of nitogen oxides in exhaust gases of the conveted engine The expeiments conducted make it possible to extend a database on the couse of woking pocesses in pomising designs of the diesel engines conveted to gas fuel The esult of pefomed laboatoy tests of exhaust gases fom the diesel engines e-equipped fo popane-butane is the established egulaities fo a change in the emissions of nitogen oxides fom the engine X17DTL Opel Asta make when opeating on diesel fuel and gas fuel The obtained esults fo educed emissions of nitogen oxides when the engine opeated on gas compaed to diesel fuel at a change in loading by % ae explained by the lowe tempeatue of combustion of an ai-gas mixtue in compaison with the tempeatue of combustion of a diesel-ai mixtue Thus the estimated tempeatue of combustion fo the engine X17DTL on gas was 7 and on diesel fuel 346 The emissions of nitogen oxides in exhaust gases of the engine at a vaiable cankshaft otation fequency when opeating on popane-butane is % lowe compaed to diesel fuel which is explained by the 3 6 % lowe coefficient of excess ai in gas engines compaed to diesel engines Checking the adequacy of the mathematical model fo estimating the emissions of nitogen oxides in exhaust gases of the diesel and gas engines by compaing the calculation data with the esults of expeiments showed that the model satisfactoily descibes emissions of nitogen oxides Specifically indicatos fo the emissions of nitogen oxides in exhaust gases of the diesel engine and the engine conveted to gas fuel obtained in the expeiment and calculated based on the poposed mathematical models diffe by 46 % The data eceived agee well with the esults obtained in [7 9] The poposed mathematical model could be used to assess envionmental impact of exhaust gases of diesel and gas-diesel engines though it is applicable fo petol engines Futhe eseach will be elated to the emissions of cabon oxides in exhaust gases fom the diesel engines e-equipped fo gas fuel 8 Conclusions 1 The esult of the conducted theoetical eseach is the constuction of a mathematical model of the emissions of nitogen oxides x in the exhaust gases of engines It is based on the basic pinciples of heat theoy and epesents the elationship between the concentation of nitogen oxides in the exhaust gases of engines and the tempeatue of combustion of fuel-ai mixtue T A distinctive featue of this model is that it makes it possible to pefom calculations of nitogen oxides x in exhaust gases of diesel engines depending on a change in the angle of otation φ of the engine cankshaft The fact that the model accounts fo the ate constants of chemical eactions in the combustion of gas fuel Vi Ri enables detemining the emissions of nitogen oxides No x in exhaust gases of the diesel engines conveted to gas ased on the pefomed expeimental eseach we have established exponential dependences of emissions of nitogen oxides x in exhaust gases of the engine on 1

7 Easten-Euopean Jounal of Entepise Technologies ISSN /1 ( 91 ) 18 a change in loading The dependences wee established when opeating on diesel fuel and when opeating on a popane-butane mixtue at a fixed cankshaft otation fequency Given the esults obtained we can ague that the convesion of diesel engine on gas fuel educes emissions of nitogen oxides in exhaust gases depending on loading by 4 5 % on aveage 3 We have established exponential dependences of emissions of nitogen oxides in exhaust gases of the engine when opeating on diesel fuel and when opeating on gas at a change in the cankshaft otation fequency Compaed to the opeation on diesel fuel the diesel engine eequipped fo gas educes the emissions of nitogen oxides in exhaust gases depending on the cankshaft otation fequency by 8 % on aveage The esults obtained make it possible to optimize design of powe systems fo the intenal combustion engines and educe emissions of hamful substances in exhaust gases of the engines Refeences 1 ondaenko V Svietkina O Sai Study of the fomation mechanism of gas hydates of methane in the pesence of suface-active substances // Easten-Euopean Jounal of Entepise Technologies 17 Vol 5 Issue 6 (89) P doi: / Main tends of biofuels poduction in Ukaine / Panchuk M yshtopa S Shlapak L et al // Tanspot Poblems 17 Vol 1 Issue 4 Р Skiabyn М Influence of the setting angle of the fuel injection advance on the combustion chaacteistics and the content of nitogen oxides in the diesel cylinde with tubochaging and intecooling of the chage ai 4 CHN 11/15 // Impoving the pefomance of intenal combustion engines Mateials II All-Russian Scient Pact Conf Science-Technology-Resouce-saving 8 Issue 5 P Lykhanov V Anfylatov А Change in the fomation of nitogen oxides in the diesel cylinde when woking on methanol // Tactos and agicultual machiney 15 Issue 4 P Lopatyn О Influence of methanol application on the combustion pocess paametes volume content and mass concentation of nitogen oxides in the diesel cylinde 15/1 when woking with the DST depending on the angle of otation of the cankshaft in the ated mode // Impoving the pefomance of intenal combustion engines Mateials II All-Rus Scient Pact Conf Science- Technology-Resouce-saving 8 Issue 5 P Lyhanov V The effect of the use of methanol and MERR on the mass concentation of nitogen oxides in the cylinde of a diesel engine of 15/1 when opeating with a DST in the maximum toque egime // Impoving the pefomance of intenal combustion engines Mateials IX All-Russian Scient Pact Conf Science-Technology-Resouce-saving 16 Issue 1 P anilo P M Saapina M V The Futue of Moto Tanspot Altenative Fuels and Cacinogenic Safety // Automobile tanspot 1 Issue 31 P Vasenin A The amaz engine 861 6: featues of the powe system and typical faults // Young scientist 16 Issue P Expeimental Reseach on Diesel Engine Woking on a Mixtue of Diesel Fuel and Fusel Oils / yshtopa S yshtopa L Melnyk V Dolishnii Punko I Demianchuk Y // Tanspot Poblems 17 Vol 1 Issue Р Salimzyanova А Reduction of atmospheic pollution with the addition of alcohols as fuel in the engine // Science education poduction in solving envionmental poblems (Ecology-1): Sat sci aticles of the IX-th Intenational Scientific-Tech Conf 1 Vol I P Effect analysis on pessue dop of the continuous egeneation-diesel paticulate filte based on assisted egeneation / E J Zuo W Gao J Peng Q Zhang Z Hieu P M // Applied Themal Engineeing 16 Vol 1 P doi: 1116/ japplthemaleng asu R Evaluation of some enewable enegy technologies // Mining of Mineal Deposits 17 Vol 11 Issue 4 P 9 37 doi: 11547/mining PAH TEX cabonyl compound black-cabon and ultafine paticle dynamomete bench emissions fo Euo 4 and Euo 5 diesel and gasoline passenge cas / Louis C Liu Y Tassel P Peet P Chaumond A Andé M // Atmospheic Envionment 16 Vol 1 P 8 95 doi: 1116/jatmosenv16655 A Potable Emissions Measuement System (PEMS) study of x and pimay emissions fom Euo 6 diesel passenge cas and compaison with COPERT emission factos / O Discoll R ApSimon H M Oxley T Molden N Stettle M E J Thiyagaajah A // Atmospheic Envionment 16 Vol 5 P doi: 1116/jatmosenv Iwasaki M Shinjoh H A compaative study of standad fast and SCR eactions ove Fe/zeolite catalyst // Applied Catalysis A: Geneal 1 Vol 39 Issue 1- P doi: 1116/japcata Iwasaki M Yamazaki Shinjoh H Tansient eaction analysis and steady-state kinetic study of selective catalytic eduction of and + by NH3 ove Fe/ZSM-5 // Applied Catalysis A: Geneal 9 Vol 366 Issue 1 P 84 9 doi: 1116/ japcata The chemisty of the / NH3 fast SCR eaction ove Fe-ZSM5 investigated by tansient eaction analysis / Gossale A Nova I Tonconi E Chattejee D Weibel M // Jounal of Catalysis 8 Vol 56 Issue P 31 3 doi: 1116/ jjcat FTIR in situ mechanistic study of the NH3/ Fast SCR eaction ove a commecial Fe-ZSM-5 catalyst / Ruggei M P Gossale A Nova I Tonconi E Jiglova H Sobalik Z // Catalysis Today 1 Vol 184 Issue 1 P 17 1 doi: 1116/ jcattod Chaacteistics of Pt /MgAlO4 lean x tap catalysts / im D H 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