EXPERIMENTATION ON PERFORMANCE OF A CASTOR OIL AS FUTURE TRANSMISSION LUBRICANT

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2 International Journal of Automobile Engineering Research and Development (IJAuERD) ISSN Vol. 2 Issue 3 Dec TJPRC Pvt. Ltd., EXPERIMENTATION ON PERFORMANCE OF A CASTOR OIL AS FUTURE TRANSMISSION LUBRICANT 1 D. S. CHINCHKAR & 2 S.T. SATPUTE 1 PG Student, Dept. of Automobile Engineering, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Sakharale. Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India 2 Dept. of Automobile Engineering, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Sakharale. Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India ABSTRACT Castor oil can be the next transmission lubricant with best chemical composition it is future transmission oil while comparing Castrol glx 90 with various comparative property. In this paper experimentation of Castrol glx 90 and newly prepared castor oil on transmission test set up with 5 cycles each is tested. Various properties at different conditions are tested and compared with Castrol glx 90. KEYWORDS: Castor oil, Castrol glx 90, Engine oil, Testing INTRODUCTION It is required to develop some bio product in vehicle systems because lubricant available in existence vehicle is from byproduct of crude oil and it is non renewable energy source so for vehicle lubrication system includes engine, transmission, brake, and steering system from which after engine, second most consumable system is transmission it requires near about 20 liter/year for LMV according to this information carbon cycle is increased because lubricant used in todays vehicle is byproduct of crude oil. Also the cost of this lubricant is higher, temperature of transmission system also increased. Due to set back of today transmission lubricant there is necessity of another way of production of transmission lubricant for this better option is from non-edible oil seeds there are variety of non edible oil seed are available from which castor is best suited because India is the world s largest producer of castor seed and meets most of the global demand for castor. It is oxygenated lubricant which is helpful for reducing the overall temperature of transmission and thus efficiency of transmission is increased. Also it is cheaper than the conventional oil or synthetic oil and ecofriendly option for future development. MATERIAL AND METHODS Characteristics of Lubricant Castor lubricating oil named as castor oil produced from joint venture of Indian Biodiesel Corporation Baramati, Maharashtra, India and Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Islampur, Maharashtra, India. Characterization of castor oil was done as per the American society for testing of materials () standards. The Various characteristics studied were kinematic viscosity, density, acid value, flash point, cloud point and carbon residues. Experimental Setup and Measuring Devices Used The gear box test rig consists of electric motor, gear box, hydraulic dynamometer and the display panel. In this test set up different torque ratio is available which help for loading. Oil is tested at 4 th gear for durability point of view and

3 24 D. S. Chinchkar & S.T. Satpute performance of oil is counted with 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th gear. Highest torque available is 49 Nm at 1450 RPM according to this condition test is conducted at 48 Nm at 1450 RPM. Specification of main component and detail procedure of test are listed below. Fig.1: Experimental Setup Developed AC Motoring Dynamometer Electric Motor It consist of an AC motor converted to a motoring dynamometer. The motor is cradle mounted in Tion bearings. The stator of the motor has a pin fitted on to the body on which, an universal S type Load cell is mounted for Input torque measurement. The electric motor is a 4 pole, 3 phase AC Induction motor of Crompton eaves make. The rating of motor is 10 RPM. Motor speed is varied and controlled by a variable frequency AC Drive of Yaskawa make. It is possible to vary the RPM of the motor in the range of 600 to 3500 RPM. This assembly can be moved in the slots provided on common base frame so as to be adjusted with different gear box. Hydraulic Dynamometer The hydraulic Dynamometer is ATE make, with rated power 60 RPM and Max. Power 169 BHP. The max. test speed is 7500 RPM. The Dynamometer has load cell type weighing mechanism. Gear Box The gear box presently used is of Peugeot Jeep. It is 4 forward, 1 Reverse with manual shift, of constant mesh type. The gear box is mounted on a separate frame, so that the gear box can be changed as and when required Drive Shafts These are used for coupling between the Prime-mover to gear box, and between gear box to Dynamometer.

4 Experimentation on Performance of a Castor Oil as Future Transmission Lubricant 25 Common Base Frame All the above are mounted on a common fabricated base frame which is leveled on ground by means of 6 Nos. Anti-vibration Mounts. Control Panel The control panel houses the following itemsa. Yaskawa AC Drive with necessary wiring, contactors etc. b. Potentiometer to vary the speed of the motor. c. Digital indicator for input torque. d. Digital indicator for input speed e. Digital indicator for output torque f. Digital indicator for output speed g. Start and emergency stop Switches h. Forward and reverse direction selector switch TESTING PROCEDURE After checking primary check proceed further to carry out the load test as per the decided sequence as follows :- 1) Switch ON the panel 2) In this condition the motor shaft should not rotate. 3) Use gear shifter to engage in to 4 th gear 4) adually turn the speed demand potentiometer clockwise to increase the RPM to desired value. This speed can be observed on the digital indicator for Input speed. 5) Maintain the RPM at 1450 to ) Apply the torque as desired as per the test sequence decided. Which is 48 N-m while applying the torque, take care that applied torque should not exceed the maximum value at the corresponding speed that is 1450 RPM. 7) Take the reading of thermometer after every interval of 1 hour. 8) Test cycle duration is 8 hours and number of cycle is 5 for every sample. 9) We are taken 2 samples which is a) CASTROL GLX 90 b) CASTOR OIL RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Characterization of reference lube oil and castor oil Reference lube oil means Castrol glx 90 oil and castor oil were characterize for viscosity, flashpoint, cloud point, acid value and carbon residues. The results obtained are given in Table 1 both oils samples were taken from time to time during experiment and it was analyzed through its change in properties. Based upon the test the change in properties of both oil after use were tabulated in Table 2 and table 3.

5 26 D. S. Chinchkar & S.T. Satpute Table 1: Properties of Castrol oil (as a Reference Oil) and Castor oil before use (1) Sr Characteristics Unit Test method Castrol Castor (treated) 1 Specific gravity D Kinematic 40 0 c Cst D Kinematic 90 0 c Cst D Flash point 0 c D Pour point 0 c D ph Moisture % Acid value mgkoh/gm D Density Gm/cc D Cloud point 0 c D <-4 Sr Characteristics Unit Table 2: Properties of Castrol oil (as a Reference Oil) after using (1) Test method 1 Appearance - Visual 8 hrs Reference oil Castrol oil 16 hrs 24 hrs 32 hrs 40 hrs 2 Color - D Specific gravity g/cm3 D Kinematic Cst D Density Acid value MgKOH/g D Ph Flash point 9 Fire point Sr Characteristics Unit 0 c D92 0 c Table 3: Properties of Castor Oil after using (1) Test method 1 Appearance - Visual 8 hrs Reference oil Castrol oil 16 hrs 24 hrs 32 hrs 40 hrs 2 Color - D Specific gravity g/cm3 D Kinematic Cst D Density Acid value MgKOH/g D Ph Flash point 9 Fire point 0 c D92 0 c

6 Experimentation on Performance of a Castor Oil as Future Transmission Lubricant 27 Gear Box Performance Test Table 4: Castor Oil Gear Box Performance Observation Table CASTOR Top gear Input torque N-m InputRPM Output torque N-m Output RPM Power I/P Kw Power O/P Kw Losses Kw Efficiency % CASTROL Top gear Input torque Output torque Output Power I/P Power O/P Efficiency InputRPM Losses Kw N-m N-m RPM Kw Kw %

7 28 D. S. Chinchkar & S.T. Satpute Result Comparative aphs Fig. 2: Temperature aph of Cycle 1 Fig. 7: Comparative aph of Sp. avity of all Cycles Fig. 3: Temperature aph of Cycle 2 Fig 8. Comparative aph of ki. Viscosity of all Cycles Fig. 4: Temperature aph of Cycle 3 Fig. 9: Comparative aph of Density of all Cycles Fig. 5: Temperature aph of Cycle 4 Fig. 10: comparative aph of Ph Value of all Cycles Fig. 6: Temperature aph of Cycle 5 Fig. 11: Comparative aph of Fl. Point of All Cycles

8 Experimentation on Performance of a Castor Oil as Future Transmission Lubricant 29 Fig. 12: Comparative aph of fi. Point of all Cycles Fig.13: Gearbox Performance Test CONCLUSIONS Specific gravity of Castrol oil and castor oil at the start is and after 40 hours cycle Castrol oil is and that of castor oil is which indicates that specific gravity of castor oil not changing easily or slightly change in specific gravity that of Castrol oil. That means weight density of castor oil is not changing easily compare to Castrol oil.it is very impossible to check viscosity at 40 0 c with Ostwald s apparatus due to castor and Castrol oil is very viscous. Viscosity change in Castrol oil is 33% which means less change in castor oil during 40 hours cycle change in viscosity of Castrol oil is 21.3 Cst and comparing to castor oil it is only 4.4 cst it means that viscosity property changing in percentage is less in castor oil which is beneficial point of view that is life of oil is more. Change in density also less in Castor oil as compared to the Castrol GLX 90(reference oil) having value is at beginning and at alst test it is that of castor oil is to that is changes in density is less (in percentage) in castor oil than Castrol oil.acid value in terms of MgKOH/g is 0.7 of Castrol oil and 3.9 of castor oil which means castor oil near to neutral position acid value means COOH is group is lower in the Castrol value and higher in castor oil it may due to reaction between solvent mixture and castor oil. ph is maintained throughout the test for both Castrol and castor oil. So both oils are near about neutral position not acidic in nature. Flash point of castor oil is higher than the Castrol oil which is 198 and c hence castor oil sustain more temperature compare to Castrol oil. Fire point also more of castor oil than Castrol oil which is c and c means castor oil suitable at high temperature also. Temperature of castor oil is maintained at 59 0 c and that of Castrol oil is 66 0 c with this result it is seen that castor oil is best suitable for vehicle transmission it is constant at 59 0 c and Castrol oil 66 0 c it gives higher efficiency with higher durability. Note All properties are tested at Indian biodiesel corporation ltd. Baramati, Maharashtra, india REFERENCES 1. N. Bobade, Report of Indian biodiesel corporation ltd, baramati, india. 2. Vellguth G, Performance of vegetable oils and their monoesters as fuels for diesel engines SAE paper no , N.R. Banapurmath, P.G. Tewari, R.S. Hosmath performance and emission characteristics of a di compressionignitionengine operated on honge, jatropha and sesame oil methyl esters Renewable Energy 33 (2008) [4] 4. A.K. Hossain, P.A. Davies, plant oils as fuels for compression ignition engines: a technical review and lifecycle analysis Renewable Energy 35 (2010) 1 13.

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