Short Block Contains. Long Block. Crankshaft Connecting Rods Pistons Camshaft Timing Gears. Same as short block plus. Cylinder heads Lifters Push Rods

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1 Short Block

2 Short Block Contains Crankshaft Connecting Rods Pistons Camshaft Timing Gears Long Block Same as short block plus Cylinder heads Lifters Push Rods

3 Displacement Volume of all cylinders swept. Ex. 350 c.i. Swept Volume Volume of cylinder as the piston sweeps from BDC to TDC. Total Volume Sept volume plus the combustion chamber above the piston.

4 Bore The width of the cylinder wall. Bigger bore = more displacement Stroke The length the piston travels. Longer stroke = more torque Shorter stroke = more rpms

5 Compression ratio Is the cylinder and combustion chamber volumes at BDC verses the combustion chamber volume at TDC. Higher compression = more power Higher chance of detonation Octane must change with compression change Harder on valve train When finding compression ratio you must convert the bore and stroke from inches to mm. Multiply them by 2.54.

6 One point increase in compression is worth approximately 4% increase in power. Comp. Ratio = swept vol. + total chamber vol. total chamber volume Swept Volume = Bore x Bore x Stroke x Total Chamber Volume = head cc + gasket cc + deck clearance + piston dome cc

7 Chamber Volume Volume of the cylinder above the piston including the combustion chamber. Measured in cubic centimeters Chamber volume is measured by filling with light oil. Head gaskets add to chamber volume Usually.045 inch or.1143 centimeters

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10 Main Bearing Journals Support weight and forces applied to the crankshaft. Connecting Rod Bearing Journals Offset from the centerline. Crankshaft Throw Determines length of the piston stroke. Thrust Bearing or Washer Controls lateral movement Counterweights Used to smooth crankshaft rotation.

11 Deck Standard 350 deck height Aftermarket blocks as high as Allows use of longer throw crank and rods Main bearing saddles Must be line bored and honed to ensure it is symmetrical. 4 bolt much better than 2 bolt

12 No replacement for displacement Start with largest block 400 vs 283 At 1 hp per cubic inch you make 117 hp more. Easier to achieve higher compression due to swept volume Wont have to turn as many RPM s to achieve desired power level Less maintenance (Valve train) After market blocks, such as Merlin, allow large c.i. while maintaining stock provisions.

13 Use largest engine possible that is normal. Stay with popular bore/stroke combos Increase Bore/Stroke Creates larger c.i. displacement Displacement Bore x Bore x Stroke x.7854 x # Cylinders Larger bores help unshroud the valves and enhance the breathing capabilities.

14 Caution do not bore a block too far Thin walls can stress crack Casting flaws can exist Heat sensitivity in thin areas Sonic testing of the wall can check thickness Hardblok filler can be used to stabilize cylinders Decking the Block Square block deck surface to the crankshaft Helps equalize compression between cylinders Removing more material will increase compression Cubic Centimeters = Bore x Bore x Deck Clearance x Deck too far and the pistons will contact the head.

15 Boring / Honing 1 thick torque plate is bolted to the deck Used when boring or honing to simulate a cylinder head. Makes the cylinders round when the head is torqued down and helps promote ring seal.

16 Modifications Block needs to be inspected and magnafluxed. Sonic Testing finds cylinder wall thickness Thrust side Avoid boring block too far to avoid thin cylinder walls Overheating, cracking, flexing walls. Deburr sharp edges to reduce stress risers and reduce windage problems Lifter valley can be painted to speed oil return. Lifter valley screens are installed to prevent broken valve train parts from entering crankcase. 4 bolt mains reduce cap walk.

17 Fillets Found on journals to increase the strength. Larger radius is best

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26 Stroker kits are available for many different engines. Has a longer stroke so the piston pin height must be changed. Longer stroke means more displacement and more compression. Crankshaft counterweights can be knife edged to reduce windage. Crankshafts can be indexed to correct pin location. Balancing the rotating assembly reduces vibration Most factory crankshafts are cast iron. Forged steel crankshafts much stronger and recommended for medium to high horsepower applications.

27 Billet crankshafts are used in all out racing applications. Very strong and high dollar. All crankshaft journals must have good radius. Aftermarket manufacturers increase the size of the radius or fillet. Sometimes special narrowed bearings are required. Oil holes must be chamfered to take out sharp edges Bearing clearance should be on loose side of spec to promote good oil clearance. Bearing crush keeps bearings from spinning. Tangs are for alignment only Federal Mogul makes great bearings.

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36 Semi Floating vs. Full Floating Rod length may be altered (usually longer) Most engine rebuilders say it is not worth the time and money. Slight power gains. Stock cast rods can be used in low to medium performance engines Connecting rod bolts should be replaced with APR bolts. Fasteners stretching keeps rod bolts tight. Aftermarket cast steel rods (I-beam style) are medium performance

37 Forged Steel Rods Machined forged steel rods (H-beam) are very durable and are the most expensive. (SBC Manley) Have very few stress risers and rarely fail. Low maintenance and good durability. Heavy and expensive.

38 Aluminum rods may be used to reduce reciprocating weight. (Venolia) Offer the greatest weight to strength ratio Used for high performance applications racing only They are easier on the crank due to their dampening abilities and are light in weight. Drawbacks life span. They work harden from stretching. 200 runs in a bracket car. Rods are shorter by.01 inch due to stretching. Additional deck clearance is required.

39 Lighter wrist pins are available to reducing reciprocating weight. Chamfer on rod must match fillet on crankshaft.

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51 Dome pistons cc s up / compression down Dish pistons cc s down / compression up Inexpensive pistons are heavy Good race pistons will have a hollow dome to reduce weight. Dome design is altered to improve combustion. Higher compression pistons typically have deeper valve pockets for more radical cam profiles.

52 Most race pistons will have a narrower ring land 1/16 vs. 5/64 weight reduction. Race engines use a low tension oil ring to reduce weight. Forged Pistons Strongest and recommended for low to high performance. Different combinations available (compression, ring styles) Require more piston to wall clearance Use plasma-moly ring, need a very fine finish on the cylinder wall.

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55 Hydraulic Cams Will not survive high spring pressures. 110 lbs max Hard for lifter to spin little amount of oil Valves float at high RPM Require careful break in Lifters pump up at high RPM Least expensive and maintenance

56 Solid Lifter Cams Survives at high spring pressure 140lbs Will rev higher due to increased spring pressure Aggressive solid cams have short life span Require periodic lash adjustment

57 Roller Cams Allow very aggressive profiles Fast opening and closing ramps are used due to roller follower. More spring pressure is used 175lbs and greater Reduce friction (20-30 hp gain) Most require bronze distributor gear Regular lash adjustment is required Hydraulic roller cams offer more maintenance free operation with less spring pressure.

58 Duration Time a valve is open in relation to crankshaft degrees. Duration at.050 is really the only accurate way to compare different camshafts. Overlap How long both the valves are open at the same time. The intake valve opens slightly before the piston reaches TDC on the exhaust stroke. The exhaust valve closes just after the piston starts down on the intake stroke.

59 Large durations Increased duration keeps the valve open longer allowing more airflow. Vacuum signal will be lower. Make power at higher RPM s. Higher compression is required to help lag. Larger and longer stroke engines require a cam with a larger duration and higher lift due to the higher air velocities produced. Rule of thumb: 10 degree change in duration a@.050 will change power band by 500 rpm.

60 Overlap Increasing overlap will aid in filling the cylinder due to the velocity of the exhaust helping pull the intake charge into the cylinder. Large overlap will result in some A/F being drawn into the cylinder and out the exhaust. Blower motors need little to no overlap due to the pressure in the intake.

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