ATASA 5 th. ATASA 5 TH Study Guide Chapter 28 Pages Ignition Diagnosis & Service 62 Points. Please Read the Summary

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1 ATASA 5 TH Study Guide Chapter 28 Pages Points Please Read the Summary

2 Before We Begin Keeping in mind the Career Cluster of Transportation, Distribution & Logistics Ask yourself: What TDL careers might be present in this slide series? What TDL careers might interest me? How do TDL careers relate to my other high school classes? What career cluster is my 4 year plan preparing me for?

3 Is there a career for me that melds 2 or more of my favorite clusters?

4 1. A is incomplete combustion of the A/F mixture. Not always caused by the ignition system. Refire Misfire Campfire

5 Ignition Systems Crankshaft Toner Ring

6 2. Complete combustion is when all of the & in the emulsion (Air:Fuel Mixture) have been burned. Air & Fuel Gas & Fuel Spark & Fuel

7 The Energy Blog The Energy Revolution has begun and will change your lifestyle Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine Improves Fuel Economy MIT researchers have demonstrated how ordinary spark ignition automobile engines can, under certain driving conditions, move into a spark free operating mode that is more fuel efficient and just as clean. In a "homogeneous charge compression ignition" (HCCI) engine, fuel and air are mixed together and injected into the cylinder. The piston compresses the mixture until spontaneous combustion occurs. The engine thus combines fuel and air premixing (as in an SI engine) with spontaneous ignition (as in a diesel engine). The result is the HCCI's distinctive feature: combustion occurs simultaneously at many locations throughout the combustion chamber.

8 3. (violent burning) occurs when part of the A/F begins to burn on its own. A collision of the two flame fronts in the combustion chamber will result in a spark knock or ping. Detonation Misfire Pre ignition

9 4. also results in a ping or spark knock, but occurs when the A/F mixture begins to burn before the spark occurs. Any hot spot in the combustion chamber can cause this. Pre ignition Detonation Dieseling

10 5. ignition problems are those that affect all cylinders. problems affect more than one, but less than all cylinders. (common = primary & series wired components) Common Non Common Firing Order:

11 Knowing the Typical Normal Waveform or Trace is Essential to Diagnosis

12 6. An uneven running engine (w/frequency) is an indication of a problem. NOTE: As soon as a second cylinder misfire is detected, it becomes a random misfire in the eyes of the PCM & sets a P0300 DTC. Common Non Common Misfire

13 7. No start, ignition related problems are likely to be common problems in the circuit. Primary Secondary Charging

14 8. Ignition systems can be the cause of: 1) HARD starting or no starting, 2) ROUGH idle, 3) engine STALLING, 4) HESITATION, stumble, or poor acceleration, 5) SURGE, 6) bucking, 7) KNOCKING (pinging), 8) BACK fire & AFTER fire. Be able to describe each of these symptoms of poor performance

15 9. Dirty grounds & connections can cause resulting in modules that burn out or sensors that indicate improper parameters of operation. Moisture can cause shorts to ground. Fuse Blows Open Circuit Voltage Drops

16 9. Dirty grounds & connections can cause resulting in modules that burn out or sensors that indicate improper parameters of operation. Fuse Blows Open Circuit Voltage Drops

17 10. Critical placement of ignition wiring is important to minimize the effects of EMI. True or False

18 11. Some ignition control modules use a coating of dielectric silicone grease between the unit and its mounting to help conduct heat away and prevent heat related failure. Low Temperature High Temperature Heat Conductive

19 12. Distributor caps & rotors as well as DI & EI coil towers, should be inspected for and carbon tracks that indicate that highvoltage electricity has found a low resistance path for flow. Cracks Corrosion Burns

20 13. Visual inspection, spark tests, volt & ohm tests are all used to troubleshoot no start. True or False

21 14. Oscilloscopes and exhaust gas analyzers are commonly used to diagnose misfires. True or False Note: A scope test in a no start situation can tell you if the problem is ignition, fuel or mechanically oriented. A test of the exhaust gas in a no start situation can tell you if the problem is no fuel No HC in the tailpipe!

22 15. Scopes give over graphic representations of ignition system function. Note: Voltage indicated in the vertical position. (amplitude) Time sweeps horizontally across the screen from left to right. Voltage Time

23

24 16. The line indicates the voltage required to overcome resistance to initiate a spark. Firing Line Spark Line Coil Oscillations Transistor Blip Next Firing Line Zero Line Firing Zone Coil Zone Dwell Zone Firing Spark Coil

25 17. The line indicates the kv needed to sustain the spark and also the spark duration. Firing Line Spark Line Coil Oscillations Transistor Blip Next Firing Line Zero Line Firing Zone Coil Zone Dwell Zone Firing Spark Coil

26 18. The oscillations in the intermediate section show kv s dissipating after spark has occurred. Firing Line Spark Line Coil Oscillations Transistor Blip Next Firing Line Zero Line Firing Zone Coil Zone Dwell Zone Firing Spark Coil

27 19. The section (zone) shows the length of time primary current flows trying to saturate the coil. Firing Line Spark Line Coil Oscillations Transistor Blip Next Firing Line Zero Line Firing Zone Coil Zone Dwell Zone Firing Coil Dwell

28 Be able to sketch a single secondary ignition scope trace & label its parts, sections, zones, and axis. Voltage Time

29 20. The 3 basic scope patterns are: Raster (stacked up) Display (parades across the screen) Superimposed (piled on top of each other all at eye level)

30 3 Questions to Ask Is the Pattern Normal? Is the Problem Common or Non Common? In What Zone is the Problem?

31 Spark Line Slopes Downward = high secondary resistance. Firing Line Coil Oscillations Transistor Blip Next Firing Line Zero Line Firing Zone Coil Zone Dwell Zone

32 Spark Line Slopes Upward = low compression. Firing Line Coil Oscillations Transistor Blip Next Firing Line Zero Line Firing Zone Coil Zone Dwell Zone

33 Spark Line Upset = combustion chamber turbulence or EGR is on Firing Line Coil Oscillations Transistor Blip Next Firing Line Zero Line Firing Zone Coil Zone Dwell Zone

34 21. The firing line is affected by anything that adds to the secondary circuit, as well as non electrical conditions like engine temperature, air/fuel mixture and compression pressures. High Line Means Open Cylinder Resistance Amperage Voltage

35 22. The voltage required to fire the plugs with the engine under increased load. Increases Decreases Holds

36 23. Maximum output is checked with a spark tester installed that will check for 35 kv. Coil Alternator Battery

37 23. Maximum output is checked with a spark tester installed that will check for 35 kv. Coil Alternator Battery

38 24. At idle, firing kv should be between. Spark duration should be about msec. 1 2 kv 7 13 kv kv 1 2 msec 5 8 msec.25.5 msec

39 24. At idle, firing kv should be between. Spark duration should be about msec.

40 24. At idle, firing kv should be between. Spark duration should be about msec.

41 25. voltage in the ignition coil is shown by coil oscillations in the intermediate section. Reserve Reverse Revere

42 26. testing ignition components includes subjecting them to cold, heat, and moisture. Digress Stress Regress Stress m Chill m Heat m Spray m Down

43 27. Before using a, like the MODIS, to check ignition systems be familiar with scale, filter, threshold, peak detect, time scale or sweep, voltage scale or sensitivity, trigger, & slope settings. Scope Elope DMM

44 28. Improperly set can affect engine vacuum, emissions, performance, and spark knock. Air:Fuel Timing Shift Points

45 NOTE: Manufacturers vary on their methods of putting their engines into base timing mode. Ford = SPOUT connector GM = tan/white wire disconnected Chrysler = ECT unplugged

46 29. If base timing is incorrect, all other timing settings by the PCM will be wrong too. True or False

47 30. Centrifugal, vacuum, & EST advance units can be checked with an advance light. Noid Timing Continuity

48 NOTE: CKP, CMP, & other PM generators can be frequency checked with a soldering gun. (but not Hall effect types)

49 31. Name 5 ignition system parts that can be checked with an ohmmeter: (hint: switches & coils) Ignition Coil Primary Winding Ignition Coil Secondary Winding Pick up Coil Any Switch Ignition Switch Any Wiring Spark Plug Wiring Any Fuses & Relays

50 32. probes have 3 lights: red = >10 volts green = <3 volts yellow flashes with voltage change Noid Timing Logic

51 33. sensors can be checked using a hammer & either a scope or a scanner to monitor change. RPM Spark Knock

52 34. Cold fouling or wet out of the spark plugs is caused by an overly A/F mixture or misfire. Rich Lean Cold

53 35. An ohms check of plug wires cannot detect a short to ground that causes a misfire! True or False

54 36. Two long plug wires, especially those close to each other in the firing order & the engine, should not be placed side by side for a long span a condition called, which is unwanted induction of a rogue spark can occur Mis Firing Cross Firing After Firing Ignition Cross Firing could occur. This is induction from wires firing in close proximity & parallel to others.

55 37. A procedure called STATIC timing must be done if a distributor R&R before the engine can be started. The procedure is to: Crank the engine in order to bring # cylinder to on the compression stroke. Align the marks on the harmonic balancer or flywheel to the timing specification. Set the distributor in with the facing the # spark plug wire connection on the cap. Mesh the pump drive and the distributor gear with the gear. Crank the engine around again to that everything is properly aligned. Tighten the distributor hold down and install the #1 spark plug & the secondary wiring. Start the engine and check the dynamic (running timing) with a.

56 37. A procedure called Static timing must be done after distributor R & R before the engine can be started The procedure is to: Crank the engine in order to bring #1 cylinder to TDC on the compression stroke. Align the timing marks on the harmonic balancer or flywheel to the timing specification. Set the distributor in with the rotor facing the #1 spark plug wire connection on the cap. Mesh the oil pump drive and the distributor gear with the camshaft gear. Crank the engine around again to verify that everything is properly aligned. Tighten the distributor hold down and install the #1 spark plug & the secondary wiring. Start the engine and check the dynamic (running timing) with a Timing Light.

57 NOTE: It is possible that an open wire from the KNOCK sensor to the PCM can prevent spark timing from advancing. Since the PCM would be not be receiving a knock retard signal, the strategy in the PCM is to refuse to advance the spark timing at all unless protection from excess advance and spark knock is in place.

58 Be able to explain how a kilovolt tester or an ignition oscilloscope could be used to help narrow down the cause of a cranks, but no start condition. Helps verify the fire triangle parts that are missing

59 Be able to explain how an exhaust gas analyzer or a noid light could be used to help narrow down the cause of a cranks, but no start condition. Verifies if injectors are being Pulsed on and off. Verifies if fuel vapors are n the exhaust Evidence that the system has fuel & is being pulsed.

60 Top Ten Reasons for Emissions Test Failure

61

62

63 Both the Primary & the Secondary Ignition Coils are housed in this unit

64 Late Timing results in lots of unburned fuel leaving the combustion chamber

65

66

67

68 Now that we re through Keeping in mind that Career Clusters sensibly link education to careers Ask yourself: What careers could be linked to the topics in this slide series? Which of those careers might interest me? How do career clusters relate to my other high school classes? Do I need to change my 4 year plan to fit my desired career?

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