Series and Parallel Circuits Virtual Lab
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- Patience Roberta McLaughlin
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1 Series and Parallel Circuits Virtual Lab Learning Goals: Students will be able to Discuss basic electricity relationships Discuss basic electricity relationships in series and parallel circuits Build series, parallel and combination circuits from schematic drawings Use an ammeter and voltmeter to take readings in circuits. Provide reasoning to explain the measurements and relationships in circuits. For your lab report, you may copy this into a word processor. But be sure to enter your answers in a different colored font. I. Observing voltage relationships Go to the PHeT web site and use the Circuit Construction Kit simulation (CCK): Drag out three batteries. Measure the voltage of each using the voltmeter and record the voltage in a table like the one shown. Then move the batteries end to end as below to measure combined voltage. Battery + ++ Voltage (V) a. Describe the relationship between the number of batteries and the voltage and explain what you think might be happening. b. What could you vary to test your description about the relationship? (Right click on the batteries to change characteristics ) Run several tests recording your data in an organized table. c. Talk to another group about their description, tests and results. Rewrite your description to include the more broad tests. II. Using voltage Use the Circuit Construction Kit simulation to build a circuit with a battery and a light bulb in the Lifelike visual mode. a. Draw what your circuit looks like (you may cut and past your circuit into your lab report if you wish). b. How does the voltage of the battery compare to the light bulb voltage? Explain what you think is happening. c. Vary the voltage of the battery and write observations about how the brightness is affected by voltage. d. d. Think about a real light bulb and battery; explain what you think is happening that causes the changes in brightness.
2 III. Using voltage in series circuits Use CCK to build the circuits below with a battery at about volts and light bulbs. Turn on the voltmeter and ammeter to measure voltage of the battery and current into it. Record bulb brightness with descriptive language. # of Bulbs Battery Voltage (V) Current Out of Battery (A) Brightness of Bulbs a. Summarize the relationships you observed and explain what you think is happening. b. Test to see if changing the battery voltage causes you to modify any of your conclusions. Explain what you measured and any conclusions you draw from your tests. c. What happens when you take a wire out of a circuit? Explain what you think is happening. d. Test using the voltmeter or ammeter in different ways. For example: Does it matter if you take the reading on the left or right of the battery? Switch the meter ends? Describe your tests and results.
3 IV. Using voltage in parallel circuits Use CCK to build the circuits below with a battery at about volts and light bulbs. Turn on the voltmeter and ammeter to measure voltage of the battery and current into it. Record bulb brightness with descriptive language. # of Bulbs Battery Voltage (V) Current Out of Battery (A) Brightness of Bulbs a. Summarize the relationships you observed and explain what you think is happening. b. Test to see if changing the battery voltage causes you to modify any of your conclusions. Explain what you measured and any conclusions you draw from your tests. c. What happens when you take a wire out of a circuit? Explain what you think is happening. d. Test using the voltmeter or ammeter in different ways. For example: Does it matter if you take the reading on the left or right of the battery? Switch the meter ends? Describe your tests and results.
4 V. Observing voltage and current relationships with resistors Use CCK to build the circuit below. Vary the voltage of the battery to at least 5 different values. Record the battery voltage and the current in the circuit in a table. a. Explain what might be happening to cause the change in current. b. How are current and battery voltage related? What is the shape of the graph? c. Describe how you could use the simulation to verify the relationship. Test your ideas and make modifications to your original answers if necessary. Be sure to explain your reasoning.
5 VI. Series Circuit Construct the circuit below using The Circuit Construction Kit (CCK) simulation. Make the resistors have different value and record the value of each resistor. Use the ammeter moving it to take readings in the different places seen in figure. Then use the voltmeter to take voltage readings. Calculate R using Ohm s Law (V=IR) for the total resistance in last column. Resistor Voltage (V) Current (A) Resistance ( ) Total V T reading= A T reading= * Calculate R T =V T /I T * A T is the ammeter that is measuring I T. a. How is the total resistance related to the individual resistances? Total current to the individual currents? Total voltage to the individual voltages? b. Write a paragraph explaining what you think is happening in series circuits to cause the above relationships to occur. (You made a similar circuit with light bulbs using CCK. You may want to experiment with the sim again, keeping in mind that light bulbs are just resistors that glow.).
6 VII. Parallel Circuit Construct the circuit below using The Circuit Construction Kit (CCK) simulation. Make the resistors have different value and record the value of each resistor. Use the ammeter moving it to take readings in the different places seen in figure. Then use the voltmeter to take voltage readings. Calculate R using Ohm s Law (V=IR) for the total resistance in last column. Resistor Voltage (V) Current (A) Resistance ( ) Total V T reading= A T reading= * Calculate R T =V T /I T * A T is the ammeter that is measuring I T. a. How is the total resistance related to the individual resistances? Explain what you think is happening. b. Look up the mathematical relationship for finding total resistance in a parallel circuit. Show that your data fits the equation. c. Summarize the similarities and differences between the series and parallel circuits. Include your reasoning about what you think is happening.
7 VIII. Combination Circuit. Put three resistors on the work area. Right click on each to make the resistances different from one another. Make a data table like the one given and record the individual resistances.. Build the circuit shown below. Make a table like the one below and complete it by measuring the voltage across each resistor and the power supply and measuring the current through each resistor and the total current coming out the power supply.. Resistor Total Resistance ( ) Theoretical Value: Current (A) Voltage (V) Equivalent Resistance ( ). Provide evidence that your table information is reasonable. Write down your reasoning and show your calculations. Before you take apart your experiment, show your results to your instructor to see if they are acceptable. Credit is given only if the results are correct and your reasoning is sound.
8 IX. Another Combination Circuit. Put three resistors on the work area. Right click on each to make the resistances different from one another. Make a data table like the one given and record the individual resistances.. Build the circuit shown below. Make a table like the one below and complete it by measuring the voltage across each resistor and the power supply and measuring the current through each resistor and the total current coming out the power supply. Resistor Total Resistance ( ) Theoretical Value: Current (A) Voltage (V) Equivalent Resistance ( ) 5. Provide evidence that your table information is reasonable. Write down your reasoning and show your calculations. Before you take apart your experiment, show your results to your instructor to see if they are acceptable. Credit is given only if the results are correct and your reasoning is sound.
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Overcurrent protection This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,
Lab 12: Faraday s Effect and LC Circuits
Part 1) Faraday s Law OBJECTIVES In this part of the lab you will Use Faraday s law to predict the emf produced in a coil from a time-varying magnetic field Measure the emf produced in a coil for a time-varying