1. SPECIFICATIONS 2. WHEEL ALIGNMENT Front Suspension. (gas type) Rear Suspension. (gas type)
|
|
- Briana Skinner
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SPECIFICATIONS Front Suspension Rear Suspension Description Suspension type Spring type Shock absorber type Stabilizer bar type Suspension type Spring type Shock absorber type Stabilizer bar type Specification Double wishbone Coil spring Reciprocating cylindrical type (gas type) Torsion bar type 5link type / multilink type Coil spring Reciprocating cylindrical type (gas type) Torsion bar type 2. WHEEL ALIGNMENT LH RH Camber 0.12 ± ± 0.25 Caster 4.28 ± ± 0.4 Toein 2 ± 2mm Inspect the tire inflation pressure and underbody before checking the wheel alignment. Tire inflation pressure: 32 psi
2 LAYOUT AND COMPONENTS Front View 1. Shock absorber assembly 2. Coil spring 3. Upper arm assembly 4. Axle shaft assembly 5. Steering knuckle 6. Lower arm assembly 7. Shock absorber yoke assembly 1. Shock absorber (to yoke) bolt: ~ Nm 2. Upper arm (knuckle side) nut: ~ Nm 3. Lower arm (knuckle side) nut: ~ Nm 4. Yoke lower (lower arm side) nut: ~ Nm
3 In lower arm design, the current mass production vehicle (A) is different from the new model (B) from July A. 5Link type B. Multilink type (changed lower arm ball joint)
4 056 Top View Stabilizer bar link upper nut Tightening torque: 29.4 ~ 49.0Nm Stabilizer bar link lower nut Tightening torque: ~ 127.4Nm Coil spring mounting nut Tightening torque: 58.8 ~ 78.4Nm Upper arm (frame side) bolt/nut Tightening torque: ~ 127.4Nm Stabilizer bar clamp bolt Tightening torque: 39.2 ~ 58.8Nm Lower arm (frame side) bolt/nut Tightening torque: ~ 225.4Nm Lower arm (shock absorber yoke side) nut Tightening torque: ~ 166.6Nm
5
6 SYSTEM LAYOUT AND TIGHTENING TORQUE OF REAR SUSPENSION Top View Lower arm (link) Stabilizer bar link Stabilizer bar Upper arm (link) Shock absorber Lateral rod Axle housing Coil spring seat (upper side)
7 Lower arm bolt/nut Tightening torque: ~ 176.4Nm Upper arm bolt/nut Tightening torque: ~ 176.4Nm Stabilizer bar mounting bracket Tightening torque: 39.2 ~ 58.8Nm Stabilizer bar link upper Tightening torque: 29.4 ~ 44.1Nm Stabilizer bar link lower Tightening torque: 58.8 ~ 78.4Nm Lateral rod Tightening torque: ~ 196.0Nm Shock absorber upper bolt/nut Tightening torque: 29.4 ~ 44.1Nm Shock absorber lower bolt/nut Tightening torque: 78.4 ~ 98.0Nm
8 TROUBLESHOOTING Problem Cause Action Vehicle rolling Abnormal noise. Poor riding Vehicle pulls to one side Hard steering Broken stabilizer bar Faulty shock absorber Loosening mounting Damaged or worn wheel bearing Damaged shock absorber Damaged tire Over inflated tire Faulty shock absorber Loosened wheel nut Bent or broken coil spring Damaged tire Worn bushing Deformed arm assembly Worn bushing Bent or broken coil spring Excessive resistance of lower arm ball joint Insufficient tire pressure Faulty power steering Retighten Adjust Tighten as specified torque Unstable steering Worn or loosened lower arm bushing Retighten or replace Vehicle bottoming Worn or broken coil spring Vehicle height lowered Over loaded on the vehicle Defective shock absorber Defective coil spring
9 OVERVIEW Suspension is the term given to the system of springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels. Suspension systems serve a dual purpose? contributing to the vehicle's road holding/handling and braking for good active safety and driving pleasure, and keeping vehicle occupants comfortable and reasonably well isolated from road noise, bumps, and vibrations, etc. These goals are generally at odds, so the tuning of suspensions involves finding the right compromise. It is important for the suspension to keep the road wheel in contact with the road surface as much as possible, because all the forces acting on the vehicle do so through the contact patches of the tires. The design of front and rear suspension of a vehicle may be different. Under View (4WD, Automatic Transmission) Front suspension Rear suspension
10 FRONT SUSPENSION (DOUBLE WISHBONE) Double wishbone suspension is an independent suspension design using two (occasionally parallel) wishboneshaped arms to locate the wheel. Each wishbone or arm has two mounting points to the chassis and one joint at the knuckle. The shock absorber and coil spring mount to the wishbones to control vertical movement. Double wishbone designs allow the engineer to carefully control the motion of the wheel throughout suspension travel, controlling such parameters as camber angle, caster angle, toe pattern, roll center height, scrub radius, scuff and more. Lower arm Upper arm Shock absorber Stabilizer Advantage The advantage of a double wishbone suspension is that it is fairly easy to work out the effect of moving each joint, so the kinematics of the suspension can be tuned easily and wheel motion can be optimized. It is also easy to work out the loads that different parts will be subjected to which allows more optimized lightweight parts to be designed. They also provide increasing negative camber gain all the way to full jounce travel unlike the MacPherson strut which provides negative camber gain only at the beginning of jounce travel and then reverses into positive camber gain at high jounce amounts. Disadvantage 1. The disadvantage is that it is slightly more complex than other systems like a MacPherson strut. 2. Due to the increased number of components within the suspension setup it takes much longer to service and is heavier than an equivalent MacPherson design.
11 REAR SUSPENSION (MULTI LINK TYPE) Multilink (5Link) type suspension is the independent suspension. It provides good ride comfort and drivability by reducing the coil spring weight. Also, it increases the space for passenger compartment by lowering the floor. This type of suspension consists of multiple links such as coil spring, shock absorber, upper and lower arms, lateral rod and stabilizer bar. Shock absorber Stabilizer bar Rear coil spring Lower arm Upper arm Lateral rod
12 WHEEL ALIGNMENT Wheel alignment (adjustment of Camber, Caster and Toe) is part of standard automobile maintenance that consists of adjusting the angles of the wheels so that they are set to the specification. The purpose of these adjustments is to reduce tire wear, and to ensure that vehicle travel is straight and true (without "pulling" to one side). Alignment angles can also be altered beyond the specifications to obtain a specific handling characteristic. Necessity for Wheel Alignment Wheel alignment consists of adjusting the angles of the wheels so that they are perpendicular to the ground and parallel to each other. The purpose of these adjustments is maximum tire life and a vehicle that tracks straight and true when driving along a straight and level road. The symptoms of a vehicle that is out of alignment are: Uneven or rapid tire wear Pulling or drifting away from a straight line Wandering on a straight level road Spokes of the steering wheel off to one side while driving on a straight and level road.
13 ) Toein The difference of measured distances between the front ends of the tires (A) and the rear ends of the tires (B) along the same axle when viewed the wheels from the top. Toein 2 ± 2mm When viewed from the top, the distance between the tire centers is smaller in the front than in the rear. Side slip protection Parallel front wheels rotation (straight ahead driving is ensured by toein to prevent the wheels from tilting outwards by the camber while driving) Prevention of uneven (outward) tire wear Prevention of toeout from wearing of steering linkage
14 0516 2) Camber The angle between the center line of the tire and the vertical line when viewed from the front of the vehicle Camber LH 0.12 ± 0.25 RH 0 ± 0.25 Positive camber: Top of the tire is tilted outward Advantages: Disadvantages: The axle is not bent when it is loaded. The force required to operate the steering wheel is reduced due to smaller contact area (or load area) of the tire. Restoring force of the steering wheel is gained (when turning the steering wheel, the tire circles and the force to lift the frame is applied. In this case, the shock absorber contracts and the restoration force is applied to the steering wheel.) Cornering force decreases as the positive camber increases when the vehicle makes turn. The hub bearing is worn unevenly if camber is excessive. Zero camber: When the tire center line is perpendicular to the ground level Negative camber Advantages: Disadvantages: Better traction force due to wide load area (applicable for offroad vehicle) Better corner driving when the vehicle makes turn as the cornering force The axle is easy to be bent or deviated in the negative camber than in the positive camber when load is applied on the axle. Difficult to control due to wide load area.
15 ) Caster The angle between the vertical line and king pin, which fixes the steering knuckle and front axle, (steering column which connects the top and bottom ball joints in the independent axle type) when viewed the tires from the side. Caster LH 4.28 ± 0.4 RH 4.38 ± 0.4 Caster: With considering the height difference between the wheel centers of the front and rear wheels. (Under standard condition that the vehicle is on a level ground) Positive caster: Advantages: Negative caster: Advantages: Disadvantages: Top of the king pin is tilted backward from the vertical line of the wheel center when viewed the tires from the side Directional force to go straight (following control) Restoring force of the wheel (restored to the straight ahead direction) Prevention of wheel shimmy (wheels wobble left and right) Top of the king pin is tilted forward from the vertical line of the wheel center when viewed the tires from the side Smaller turning radius Impact from the road is transferred to the steering wheel (steering wheel turns) Poor straightness
1. SPECIFICATIONS 2. WHEEL ALIGNMENT
441101 083 1. SPECIFICATIONS Front Suspension Rear Suspension Description Suspension type Spring type Shock absorber type Stabilizer bar type Suspension type Spring type Shock absorber type Stabilizer
More informationBasic Wheel Alignment Techniques
Basic Wheel Alignment Techniques MASTERING THE BASICS: Modern steering and suspension systems are great examples of solid geometry at work. Wheel alignment integrates all the factors of steering and suspension
More informationSECTION 2C FRONT SUSPENSION TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 2C FRONT SUSPENSION TABLE OF CONTENTS Description and Operation... 2C-2 Front Suspension... 2C-2 Specifications... 2C-4 Component Locator... 2C-5 Front Suspension Assembly... 2C-5 Cross-Sectional
More information2004 SUSPENSION. Wheel Alignment - Corvette. Caster Cross +/ / Fastener Tightening Specifications Specification Application
2004 SUSPENSION Wheel Alignment - Corvette SPECIFICATIONS WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS Wheel Alignment Specifications Camber Cross Caster Cross Suspension Camber Tolerance Caster Tolerance FE1 & FE3
More informationSUSPENSION 2-1 SUSPENSION TABLE OF CONTENTS
XJ SUSPENSION 2-1 SUSPENSION TABLE OF CONTENTS page ALIGNMENT... 1 FRONT SUSPENSION... 7 page REAR SUSPENSION... 16 ALIGNMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS page AND WHEEL ALIGNMENT...1 DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING SUSPENSION
More informationCamber Angle. Wheel Alignment. Camber Split. Caster Angle. Caster and Ride Height. Toe Angle. AUMT Wheel Alignment
AUMT 1316 - Wheel Alignment 11/15/11 Camber Angle Wheel Alignment Donald Jones Brookhaven College Camber Split Camber is the amount that the centerline of the wheel tilts away from true vertical when viewed
More informationDIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING SUSPENSION AND STEERING SYSTEM 2007 SUSPENSION Suspension - Nitro CONDITION POSSIBLE CAUSES CORRECTION FRONT END NOISE 1. Loose or worn wheel bearings. 1. Replace wheel bearings.
More informationGENERAL INFORMATION. Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation
Fig. 1: Checking Steering Linkage GENERAL INFORMATION Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation ADJUSTMENTS NOTE: This article is intended for general information purposes only. This information may not apply
More informationReturn To Main Table of Contents GENERAL... 2 STRUT ASSEMBLY LOWER ARM STABILIZER BAR CENTER MEMBER WHEEL AND TIRE...
FRONT SUSPENSION Return To Main Table of Contents GENERAL... 2 STRUT ASSEMBLY... 11 LOWER ARM... 13 STABILIZER BAR... 17 CENTER MEMBER... 19 WHEEL AND TIRE... 21 GENERAL GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS Suspension
More informationWhy do cars need Alignment
Why do cars need Alignment The main purpose of wheel alignment is to make the tires roll without Scuffing, slipping, or dragging under all operating conditions. Caster Camber Toe Steering axis inclination
More informationSUSPENSION 2-1 SUSPENSION CONTENTS
ZJ SUSPENSION 2-1 SUSPENSION CONTENTS page ALIGNMENT... 1 FRONT SUSPENSION... 6 page REAR SUSPENSION... 14 ALIGNMENT INDEX page GENERAL INFORMATION WHEEL ALIGNMENT... 1 DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING SUSPENSION
More informationTire 16 inch 225/75R inch 255/60R 18
417009 143 1. SPECIFICATIONS Description Specification Tire 16 inch 225/75R 16 Tire inflation pressure 18 inch 255/60R 18 Front: 32 psi Rear: 32 psi (44 psi: when the vehicle is fully laden with luggage)
More informationSUSPENSION 2-1 SUSPENSION CONTENTS
TJ SUSPENSION 2-1 SUSPENSION CONTENTS page ALIGNMENT... 1 FRONT SUSPENSION... 5 page REAR SUSPENSION... 12 ALIGNMENT INDEX page GENERAL INFORMATION WHEEL ALIGNMENT... 1 DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING SUSPENSION
More informationSUSPENSION 2-1 SUSPENSION CONTENTS
TJ SUSPENSION 2-1 SUSPENSION CONTENTS page ALIGNMENT... 1 FRONT SUSPENSION... 6 page REAR SUSPENSION... 13 ALIGNMENT INDEX page DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION WHEEL ALIGNMENT... 1 DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING SUSPENSION
More informationSUSPENSION 2-1 SUSPENSION CONTENTS
WJ SUSPENSION 2-1 SUSPENSION CONTENTS page ALIGNMENT... 1 FRONT SUSPENSION... 4 page REAR SUSPENSION... 15 ALIGNMENT INDEX page AND WHEEL ALIGNMENT... 1 SERVICE PROCEDURES PRE-ALIGNMENT... 2 AND WHEEL
More informationREAR SUSPENSION GROUP CONTENTS GENERAL DESCRIPTION REAR SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS LOWER ARM AND TOE CONTROL ARM ASSEMBLY...
34-1 GROUP 34 CONTENTS GENERAL DESCRIPTION........... 34-2 DIAGNOSIS.... 34-2 INTRODUCTION....................... 34-2 TROUBLESHOOTING STRATEGY........ 34-2 SYMPTOM CHART..................... 34-3 SYMPTOM
More informationREAR SUSPENSION GROUP CONTENTS GENERAL DESCRIPTION TRAILING ARM ASSEMBLY REAR SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS
34-1 GROUP 34 CONTENTS GENERAL DESCRIPTION......... 34-2 DIAGNOSIS.. 34-3 INTRODUCTION TO DIAGNOSIS........................ 34-3 DIAGNOSIS TROUBLESHOOTING STRATEGY...... 34-3 SYMPTOM CHART...................
More information2011 MKS Workshop Manual. SECTION : Suspension System - General Information DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Procedure revision date: 05/25/2010
SECTION 204-00: Suspension System - General Information 2011 MKS Workshop Manual DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Procedure revision date: 05/25/2010 Wheel Alignment Angles Camber Negative and Positive Camber
More informationGROUP 33A 33A-1 CONTENTS GENERAL DESCRIPTION... 33A-2 FRONT SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS. 33A-3 LOWER ARM... 33A-13 SPECIAL TOOLS... 33A-5
33A-1 GROUP 33A CONTENTS GENERAL DESCRIPTION 33A-2 DIAGNOSIS 33A-3 INTRODUCTION TO FRONT SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS 33A-3 DIAGNOSIS TROUBLESHOOTING STRATEGY 33A-3 SYMPTOM CHART 33A-3 SYMPTOM PROCEDURES 33A-3
More informationFRONT SUSPENSION GROUP 33A 33A-1 CONTENTS GENERAL DESCRIPTION... 33A-2 FRONT SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS. 33A-3 LOWER ARM... 33A-13 SPECIAL TOOLS...
33A-1 GROUP 33A FRONT SUSPENSION CONTENTS GENERAL DESCRIPTION......... 33A-2 DIAGNOSIS. 33A-3 INTRODUCTION TO DIAGNOSIS........................ 33A-3 DIAGNOSIS TROUBLESHOOTING STRATEGY...... 33A-3 SYMPTOM
More informationATASA 5 th. Wheel Alignment. Please Read The Summary. ATASA 5 TH Study Guide Chapter 47 Pages: Wheel Alignment 64 Points
ATASA 5 TH Study Guide Chapter 47 Pages: 1403 1423 64 Points Please Read The Summary Before We Begin Keeping in mind the Career Cluster of Transportation, Distribution & Logistics Ask yourself: What careers
More informationREAR SUSPENSION GROUP CONTENTS GENERAL DESCRIPTION TRAILING ARM REAR SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS TOE CONTROL ARM...
34-1 GROUP 34 CONTENTS GENERAL DESCRIPTION 34-2 DIAGNOSIS 34-3 INTRODUCTION TO DIAGNOSIS 34-3 DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLESHOOTING STRATEGY 34-3 SYMPTOM CHART 34-3 SYMPTOM PROCEDURES 34-3 SPECIAL TOOLS 34-5 ON-VEHICLE
More informationSuspension and Steering Alignment
Suspension and Steering Alignment Matthew Whitten Brookhaven College Alignment Components Ride height Caster Camber Included angle Scrub radius Thrust angle Toe Turning radius Toe out on turns Steering
More informationTypical mounting of a dial indicator for a radial check. Moog Automotive, Inc.
Inspect / Service / Test / Replace To find out if the ball joint is loose beyond manufacturer's specifications, use an accurate measuring device. Most load carrying ball joints have a wear limit of 0.060"
More informationFRONT & REAR SUSPENSION SECTIONSU CONTENTS IDX. FRONT SUSPENSION...2 Precautions...2
FRONT & REAR SUSPENSION SECTIONSU GI MA EM LC CONTENTS EC FE FRONT SUSPENSION...2 Precautions...2 PRECAUTIONS...2 Preparation...2 SPECIAL SERVICE TOOLS...2 COMMERCIAL SERVICE TOOLS...2 Noise, Vibration
More informationAER Automotive Steering and Suspension
2013 NATEF JOB TASKS COMPLETION REQUIREMENT: P1-95% P2-80% P3-50% Student Name: DETAILED COURSE CONTENT AUTOMOTIVE SUSPENSION AND STEERING TECHNICIAN DEMONSTRATE PROFICIENCY IN SUSPENSION AND STEERING
More informationWHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS & PROCEDURES
WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS & PROCEDURES 1988 Jeep Cherokee 1988 Wheel Alignment INTRODUCTION PRE-ALIGNMENT VEHICLE CHECKS Prior to making wheel alignment adjustments, check and adjust the following
More informationSUSPENSION 2-1 SUSPENSION TABLE OF CONTENTS
DN SUSPENSION 2-1 SUSPENSION TABLE OF CONTENTS page ALIGNMENT... 1 FRONT SUSPENSION - 4x2... 6 page FRONT SUSPENSION - 4x4... 14 REAR SUSPENSION... 23 ALIGNMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS page AND OPERATION WHEEL
More informationFRONT SUSPENSION GROUP CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION FASTENER TIGHTENING SPECIFICATIONS GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS...
33-1 GROUP 33 FRONT SUSPENSION CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION 33-2 FASTENER TIGHTENING SPECIFICATIONS 33-2 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS 33-3 SERVICE SPECIFICATIONS 33-3 DIAGNOSIS 33-4 INTRODUCTION TO DIAGNOSIS
More informationSUSPENSION 2-1 SUSPENSION CONTENTS
DN SUSPENSION 2-1 SUSPENSION CONTENTS page ALIGNMENT... 1 FRONT SUSPENSION... 5 page REAR SUSPENSION... 13 ALIGNMENT INDEX page GENERAL INFORMATION WHEEL ALIGNMENT... 1 DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING PRE-ALIGNMENT
More informationFRONT & REAR SUSPENSION SECTIONSU CONTENTS IDX. FRONT SUSPENSION...2 Precautions...2. REAR SUSPENSION...14 Precautions...14
FRONT & REAR SUSPENSION SECTIONSU GI MA EM LC EC CONTENTS FE FRONT SUSPENSION...2 Precautions...2 PRECAUTIONS...2 Preparation...2 SPECIAL SERVICE TOOLS...2 COMMERCIAL SERVICE TOOLS...2 Noise, Vibration
More informationFRONT SUSPENSION GROUP CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION ON-VEHICLE SERVICE FASTENER TIGHTENING SPECIFICATIONS...
33-1 GROUP 33 FRONT SUSPENSION CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION 33-2 FASTENER TIGHTENING SPECIFICATIONS 33-2 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS 33-3 SERVICE SPECIFICATIONS 33-3 LUBRICANTS 33-3 DIAGNOSIS 33-4 INTRODUCTION
More informationFRONT SUSPENSION SECTION CONTENTS E SUSPENSION FSU-1 FSU
E SUSPENSION A SECTION FRONT SUSPENSION B C D CONTENTS FSU PRECAUTIONS... 2 Precautions... 2 PREPARATION... 3 Special Service Tools... 3 Commercial Service Tools... 3 NOISE, VIBRATION, AND HARSHNESS (NVH)
More informationAXLE ALIGNMENT ZF (40 FT)
SECTION 04-000.10 04-000.10/ 1 2010DE06 GENERAL CONDITIONS See Figures 1 and 2 for the geometry of the frontand rear axles. Figure 3 represents the axis system of a Nova LFS 40-ft bus. Before performing
More informationSUSPENSION SYSTEM PROBLEM SYMPTOMS TABLE SP 1
SUENSION SUENSION SYSTEM 1 Vehicle/pulls Bottoming Sway/pitches Wheel shimmy Abnormal tire wear SUENSION SYSTEM PROBLEM SYMPTOMS TABLE Use the table below to help determine the cause of the problem. The
More informationUNIBODY/FRAME/WHEEL ALIGNMENT II ABCT 2212
UNIBODY/FRAME/WHEEL ALIGNMENT II ABCT 2212 A. Course Description Credits: 6.00 Lecture Hours/Week: 1.00 Lab Hours/Week: 5.00 OJT Hours/Week: 0 Prerequisites: None Corequisites: None MnTC Goals: None This
More information2. MEASURE VEHICLE HEIGHT. (b) Measure the vehicle height. Measurement points: C: Ground clearance of front wheel center
ADJUSTMENT If the wheel alignment has been adjusted, and if suspension or underbody components have been removed/installed or replaced, be sure to perform the following initialization procedure in order
More informationTorque steer effects resulting from tyre aligning torque Effect of kinematics and elastokinematics
P refa c e Tyres of suspension and drive 1.1 General characteristics of wheel suspensions 1.2 Independent wheel suspensions- general 1.2.1 Requirements 1.2.2 Double wishbone suspensions 1.2.3 McPherson
More informationBASIC WHEEL ALIGNMENT
BASIC WHEEL ALIGNMENT You have got to know all the angles. Correct wheel alignment plays a huge part in a customer s positive driving experience. Having it dialed in correctly is essential to proper vehicle
More informationDesign and Analysis of suspension system components
Design and Analysis of suspension system components Manohar Gade 1, Rayees Shaikh 2, Deepak Bijamwar 3, Shubham Jambale 4, Vikram Kulkarni 5 1 Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, D Y Patil college
More informationVehicle Level Steering and Suspension Alignment Service and Repair Wheel Alignment. Wheel Alignment
Page 1 of 7 2002 Dodge Truck Caravan FWD V6-3.3L VIN R Vehicle Level Steering and Suspension Alignment Service and Repair Wheel Alignment Wheel Alignment PRE-WHEEL ALIGNMENT INSPECTION Before any attempt
More informationSuspension System GENERAL... SS -2 FRONT SUSPENSION SYSTEM... SS -9. REAR SUSPENSION SySTEM... SS -22 TIRESIWHEELS... SS -28
Suspension System GENERAL... SS -2 FRONT SUSPENSION SYSTEM... SS -9 REAR SUSPENSION SySTEM... SS -22 TIRESIWHEELS... SS -28 SS -2 SUSPENSION SYSTEM GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS EHMB0100 Front suspension system
More information1 of 12 8/25/2017, 4:29 PM
1 of 12 8/25/2017, 4:29 PM STANDARD PROCEDURE - WHEEL ALIGNMENT PRE-WHEEL ALIGNMENT INSPECTION Before any attempt is made to change or correct the wheel alignment, the following inspection and necessary
More informationFRONT SUSPENSION SECTION FSU CONTENTS E SUSPENSION FSU-1 FSU
E SUSPENSION SECTION FSU A FRONT SUSPENSION B C D CONTENTS FSU PRECAUTIONS... 2 Precautions... 2 PREPARATION... 3 Special Service Tools... 3 Commercial Service Tools... 3 NOISE, VIBRATION, AND HARSHNESS
More informationFRONT SUSPENSION SECTION FSU CONTENTS E SUSPENSION FSU-1 FSU
E SUSPENSION SECTION FSU A FRONT SUSPENSION B C D CONTENTS FSU PRECAUTIONS... 2 Precautions for Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) AIR BAG and SEAT BELT PRE-TEN- SIONER... 2 Precautions... 2 PREPARATION...
More informationREAR AXLE & REAR SUSPENSION SECTIONRA. Go to Table of Contents. Go to Quick Reference Index
REAR AXLE & REAR SUSPENSION SECTIONRA Go to Table of Contents Go to Quick Reference Index PRECAUTIONS AND PREPARATION SBR686C Precautions When installing each rubber part, final tightening must be carried
More informationCHAPTER 7 FRONT AXLE
CHAPTER 7 FRONT AXLE 1. STRUCTURE FRONT AXLE 1.1 FRONT AXLE STRUCTURE 704W701A (1) Front Bracket (2) Rear Bracket (3) Center Pin (4) Front Axle Support (5) Bevel Gear Case (6) Front Axle Case (7) Front
More information1. General Description
General Description 1. General Description A: SPECIFICATION Front Rear Model Wheel arch height (Tolerance: +12 mm 24 mm ( +0.47 in 0.94 in)) mm (in) 376 (14.8) Camber (Tolerance: 0 45 Differences between
More informationFRONT & REAR SUSPENSION SECTIONSU CONTENTS IDX. FRONT SUSPENSION...2 Precautions...2. Service Data and Specifications (SDS)...21
FRONT & REAR SUSPENSION SECTIONSU GI MA EM LC EC CONTENTS FE...2 Precautions...2 PRECAUTIONS...2 Preparation...2 SPECIAL SERVICE TOOLS...2 COMMERCIAL SERVICE TOOLS...2 Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
More informationFRONT SUSPENSION SECTION CONTENTS E SUSPENSION FSU-1 FSU
E SUSPENSION A SECTION FRONT SUSPENSION B C D CONTENTS FSU PRECAUTIONS... 2 Precautions... 2 PREPARATION... 3 Special Service Tools... 3 Commercial Service Tools... 3 NOISE, VIBRATION, AND HARSHNESS (NVH)
More informationWheel Alignment Defined
Wheel Alignment Defined While it's often referred to simply as an "alignment" or "wheel alignment," it's really complex suspension angles that are being measured and a variety of suspension components
More informationTire 16 inch 225/75R inch 255/60R 18
417009 133 1. SPECIFICATIONS Description Specification Tire 16 inch 225/75R 16 Tire inflation pressure 18 inch 255/60R 18 Front: 32 psi Rear: 32 psi (44 psi: when the vehicle is fully laden with luggage)
More informationWheel Alignment Fundamentals
CHAPTER 67 Wheel Alignment Fundamentals OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Describe each wheel alignment angle. Tell which alignment angles cause wear or pull. KEY TERMS
More informationSUSPENSION AND AXLE SA 1 SUSPENSION AND AXLE
SA1 SA2 Troubleshooting TROUBLESHOOTING Problem Possible cause Remedy Front Page Rear Wanders/pulls Tires worn or improperly inflated Wheel alignment incorrect Hub bearing worn Front or rear suspension
More information2013 NATEF Task Area A-4 Suspension, Steering, Alignment7-2013
2013 NATEF Task Area A-4 Suspension, Steering, Alignment7-2013 A. Steering System Diagnosis & Repair B. Suspension System Diagnosis & Repair C. Wheel Alignment Diagnosis & Adjustment D. Wheel & Tire Diagnosis
More informationFRONT & REAR SUSPENSION SECTIONSU CONTENTS IDX. FRONT SUSPENSION...2 Precautions...2
FRONT & REAR SUSPENSION SECTIONSU GI MA EM LC EC CONTENTS FE...2 Precautions...2 PRECAUTIONS...2 Preparation...2 SPECIAL SERVICE TOOLS...2 COMMERCIAL SERVICE TOOLS...2 Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
More informationFRONT SUSPENSION SECTION CONTENTS E SUSPENSION FSU-1 FSU
E SUSPENSION A SECTION FRONT SUSPENSION B C D CONTENTS FSU PRECAUTIONS... 2 Precautions... 2 PREPARATION... 3 Special Service Tools... 3 Commercial Service Tools... 3 NOISE VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS (NVH)
More informationREAR SUSPENSION GROUP CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION FASTENER TIGHTENING SPECIFICATIONS TRAILING ARM...
34-1 GROUP 34 CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION 34-2 FASTENER TIGHTENING SPECIFICATIONS 34-4 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS 34-4 SERVICE SPECIFICATIONS 34-5 LUBRICANTS 34-5 DIAGNOSIS 34-6 INTRODUCTION TO DIAGNOSIS
More informationFRONT AXLE AND SUSPENSION FA 1
FRONT AXLE AND SUSPENSION FA1 FRONT AXLE AND SUSPENSION FA2 FRONT AXLE AND SUSPENSION Troubleshooting TROUBLESHOOTING Problem Possible cause Remedy Page Wanders/pulls Tires worn or improperly inflated
More informationA double-wishbone type suspension is used in the front. A multi-link type suspension is used in the rear. Tread* mm (in.) 1560 (61.
CHASSIS SUSPENSION AND AXLE CH-69 SUSPENSION AND AXLE SUSPENSION 1. General A double-wishbone type suspension is used in the front. A multi-link type suspension is used in the rear. 08D0CH111Z Specifications
More informationTAG LIFT AXLE SUSPENSION SERVICE MANUAL- 37 T
TAG LIFT AXLE SUSPENSION SERVICE MANUAL- 37 T ` Page 0 CONTENT SI.NO Description Page No. 1 Suspension Specification 2 2 Pre-Installation Notes 2 3 Suspension Parts Description 3 4 Dismantling Procedure
More information1. Rear Suspension (Multi-link Type)
(MULTI-LINK TYPE) 1. Rear Suspension (Multi-link Type) A: GENERAL The rear suspension is a multilink type. The suspension on each side consists of a rear arm, front link, upper link, rear link, sub frame
More informationFRONT SUSPENSION GROUP CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION SPECIFICATIONS STRUT ASSEMBLY FRONT SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS.
33-1 GROUP 33 FRONT SUSPENSION CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION 33-2 SPECIFICATIONS 33-3 FASTENER TIGHTENING SPECIFICATIONS 33-3 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS 33-3 SERVICE SPECIFICATIONS 33-3 LUBRICANT 33-3 DIAGNOSIS
More informationFRONT SUSPENSION SECTION CONTENTS E SUSPENSION FSU-1 FSU
E SUSPENSION A SECTION FRONT SUSPENSION B C D CONTENTS FSU PRECAUTIONS... 2 Precautions for Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) AIR BAG and SEAT BELT PRE-TEN- SIONER... 2 Precautions... 2 PREPARATION...
More informationHemet High School NATEF SUSPENSION AND STEERING CHECKLIST. Name Date Period
Hemet High School NATEF SUSPENSION AND STEERING CHECKLIST Name Period For every task in Suspension and Steering, the following safety requirement must be strictly enforced: Comply with personal and environmental
More informationSU01 Independent, Strut
Uniform Procedures For Collision Repair SU01 Independent, Strut 1. Description This procedure describes the diagnosis, repair, and inspection of an independent, strut-type suspension system. 2. Purpose
More informationPage 1 of 8 SECTION 204-00: Suspension System - General Information 1998 Contour/Mystique Workshop Manual DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING Procedure revision date: 09/14/2001 Suspension System Special Tool(s) Dial
More informationFRONT SUSPENSION AND STEERING LINKAGE
A FRONT SUSPENSION AND STEERING LINKAGE CONTENTS GROUP 2 Page LOWER BALL JOINTS 12 LOWER CONTROL ARM AND SHAFT... 9 LOWER CONTROL ARM STRUT 12 PRE-ALIGNMENT INSPECTION Height Adjustment., 4 RUBBER ISOLATED
More informationTRADE OF HEAVY VEHICLE MECHANIC
TRADE OF HEAVY VEHICLE MECHANIC PHASE 2 Module 8 Steering and Suspension Systems UNIT: 2 Table of Contents 1.0 Learning Outcome... 1 1.1 Key Learning Points... 1 2.0 Health and Safety... 3 3.0 The Function
More informationSR01 Steering, Gearbox
Uniform Procedures For Collision Repair SR01 Steering, Gearbox 1. Description This procedure describes the diagnosis, repair, and inspection of a gearbox-type steering system. Requirements for both manual
More informationSECTION steering mechanism
07-302.01/ 1 2011MR17 SECTION 07-302.01 GENERAL Description See Figure 1. The includes the steering wheel (1), the steering column, the miter box (3), the steering shafts (2 and 4), and the drag link (7).
More informationSR11 Steering, Rack-And-Pinion
Uniform Procedures For Collision Repair SR11 Steering, Rack-And-Pinion SR Menu Procedure Menu 1. Description This procedure describes diagnosis, replacement, and inspection of a rack-and-pinion steering
More informationFRONT SUSPENSION SYSTEM
SYSTEM PROBLEM SYMPTOMS TABLE SYSTEM Use the table below to help you find the cause of the problem. The numbers indicate the priority of the likely cause of the problem. Check each part in order. If necessary,
More informationFRONT SUSPENSION SECTION FSU CONTENTS E SUSPENSION FSU-1 FSU
E SUSPENSION SECTION FSU A FRONT SUSPENSION B C D CONTENTS FSU PRECAUTIONS... 2 Precautions... 2 PREPARATION... 3 Special Service Tools... 3 Commercial Service Tools... 3 NOISE, VIBRATION, AND HARSHNESS
More informationWHEEL ALIGNMENT. Wheel arch height (Front and rear) <Ref. to FS-7, WHEEL ARCH HEIGHT, INSPECTION, Wheel Alignment.>
2. Wheel Alignment A: INSPECTION Check the following items before taking wheel alignment measurement. Check items before taking wheel alignment measurement: tire air pressure unbalanced right and left
More informationSU11 Independant, SLA
Uniform Procedures For Collision Repair UPCR SU11 Independant, SLA 1. Description This procedure describes the diagnosis, repair, and inspection of an independent, short-arm, long-arm (SLA) suspension
More informationTechnician Handbook. 453 Suspension, Steering and Handling. Technician Objectives
Technician Objectives 1. List the six functions of suspension components.. 2. List the six major groups of components that require inspection. 3. Explain the inspection methods for the individual suspension
More informationII YEAR AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING AT AUTOMOTIVE CHASSIS QUESTION BANK UNIT I - LAYOUT, FRAME, FRONT AXLE AND STEERING SYSTEM
II YEAR AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING AT 6402 - AUTOMOTIVE CHASSIS QUESTION BANK UNIT I - LAYOUT, FRAME, FRONT AXLE AND STEERING SYSTEM 1. Write about the requirements of frame and selection of cross section
More informationINDEX GENERAL. Page Connecting Rod 2M-3 Front Wheel Alignment 2M-4 Front Wheel Shimmy 2M-5 General 2M-1
INDEX Page Connecting Rod 2M-3 Front Wheel Alignment 2M-4 Front Wheel Shimmy 2M-5 General 2M-1 Pago Specifications 21-8 Steering Damper 2M-3 Steering Wheel Spoke Alignment 2M-5 Tie Rod 2M-3 GENERAL The
More informationWheel Alignment And Diagnostic Angles (STE04)
Module 1 Wheel Alignments Wheel Alignment And Diagnostic Angles (STE04) Wheel Alignments o Conditions Requiring An Alignment o Conditions Requiring An Alignment (cont d) o Why We Do Checks And Alignments
More informationSUSPENSION SYSTEM PROBLEM SYMPTOMS TABLE SP 1
SUENSION SUENSION SYSTEM 1 SUENSION SYSTEM Suspension system Vehicle is unstable Bottoming Sways/pitches Wheels shimmy Abnormal tire wear Vehice pull PROBLEM SYMPTOMS TABLE Use the table below to help
More informationFRONT SUSPENSION GROUP 2 FRONT SUSPENSION 2-1 CONTENTS SPECIFICATIONS VC-1, VC-2, VC-3 VY-1 TOOL LIST. Page
GROUP 2 FRONT SUSPENSION CONTENTS Page Specifications 1 Tool List.... 1 Torque Reference 2 Preparation for Measuring Front End Alignment... 2 Front Suspension Height Adjustment 3 Front Suspension Alignment
More informationInstalling and Squaring the Rear Axle
Installing and Squaring the Rear Axle 1. Level the GF1 frame; both front to back and left to right. 2. Install the Jacob s Ladder in the frame. 3. Insert your Torsion Bars and tighten the torsion arms,
More informationSECTION 3A WHEEL ALIGNMENT
SECTION 3A WHEEL ALIGNMENT NOTICE: All wheel alignment fasteners are important attaching parts in that they could affect the performance of vital components and systems, and/or could result in major repair
More informationDesigning and Hard Point Optimization of Suspension System of a Three-Wheel Hybrid Vehicle
ISSN (O): 2393-8609 International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Designing and Hard Point Optimization of Suspension System of a Three-Wheel Hybrid Vehicle Gomish Chawla B.Tech Automotive
More informationTRUCK AND BUS TYRE I TECHNICAL MANUAL MAINTENANCE AND CARE
TRUCK AND BUS TYRE I TECHNICAL MANUAL MAINTENANCE AND CARE About tyre inflation Truck alignment and tyre wear Tyre damage TECHNICAL INFORMATION MAINTENANCE AND CARE About tyre inflation ONE OF THE MOST
More information1940 Hudson SERVICING THE FRONT SUSPENSION SYSTEM
1940 Hudson SERVICING THE FRONT SUSPENSION SYSTEM Source of this material is from 1940 Series, Issue 3, November-December Hudson Service Magazine SERVICING THE FRONT SUSPENSION SYSTEM No set rule can be
More informationELECTRONIC CHASSIS ALIGNMENT
SUSPENSION Steering and Wheel Alignment - Repair Instructions - X6 ELECTRONIC CHASSIS ALIGNMENT 32... OVERVIEW OF STEERING Fig. 1: Overview Of Steering 32... OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE FRONT STEERING Fig. 2: Overview
More informationREAR SUSPENSION SECTION CONTENTS E SUSPENSION RSU-1 RSU
E SUSPENSION A SECTION REAR SUSPENSION B C D CONTENTS RSU PRECAUTIONS... 2 Precautions... 2 PREPARATION... 3 Special Service Tools... 3 Commercial Service Tools... 3 NOISE, VIBRATION, AND HARSHNESS (NVH)
More information1997 Mazda MX-5 Miata SUSPENSION Front - Miata
1997-2000 SUSPENSION Front - Miata DESCRIPTION NOTE: Mazda did not produce 1998 Miata models. Front suspension is an independent, double wishbone design using upper and lower control arms. A spring over
More informationSU41 Solid Axle, Leaf Springs
Uniform Procedures For Collision Repair SU41 Solid Axle, Leaf Springs 1. Description This procedure describes the diagnosis, repair, and inspection of a solid-axle, leaf-spring suspension system. 2. Purpose
More informationWHEEL ALIGNMENT PROCEDURES
Page 1 of 8 WHEEL ALIGNMENT PROCEDURES TURNING ANGLE Turn steering wheel fully right and then left, and observe turning radius on both wheels. If turning radius is incorrect, inspect and replace any damaged
More informationWheel Alignment. Wheel arch height (front and rear wheels) <Ref. to FS-8, WHEEL ARCH HEIGHT, INSPECTION, Wheel Alignment.>
2. Wheel lignment : INSPECTION Check the following items before taking wheel alignment measurement. Check items before taking wheel alignment measurement: Tire inflation pressure Unbalanced right and left
More informationGROUP 33 FRONT SUSPENSION CONTENTS WANINGS REGARDING SERVICING OF SUPPLEMENTAL RESTRAINT SYSTEM (SRS) EQUIPPED VEHICLES
GROUP 33 FRONT SUSPENSION CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION........ 33-2 SERVICE SPECIFICATIONS....... 33-3 LUBRICANT.................... 33-4 SPECIAL TOOLS................ 33-4 ON-VEHICLE SERVICE...........
More informationModern Auto Tech Study Guide Chapter 67 & 69 Pages Suspension & Steering 32 Points. Automotive Service
Modern Auto Tech Study Guide Chapter 67 & 69 Pages 1280 1346 Suspension & Steering 32 Points Automotive Service 1. The system allows a vehicle s tires & wheels to move up and down as they roll. Steering
More informationSolar Car Suspension Design Considerations for achieving an efficient and stable vehicle
Innovators Educational Foundation Solar Car Suspension Design Considerations for achieving an efficient and stable vehicle Solar Car Conference, February 1-3, 2019 Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville,
More informationFRONT SUSPENSION SECTION CONTENTS E SUSPENSION FSU-1 2WD FSU
FRONT SUSPENSION E SUSPENSION A SECTION FRONT SUSPENSION B C D CONTENTS FSU 2WD PRECAUTIONS... 2 Caution... 2 PREPARATION... 3 Special Service Tools (SST)... 3 Commercial Service Tools... 3 NOISE, VIBRATION
More informationSee SPECIFICATIONS & PROCEDURES article in WHEEL ALIGNMENT. Lower Ball Joint 1-22 ( ) Upper Ball Joint 6-39 ( )
Page 1 of 9 ARTICLE BEGINNING DESCRIPTION Front suspension uses coil springs with integral shock absorbers. Coil springs are mounted between the upper control arms and vehicle frame. A stabilizer bar controls
More informationSTEERING SYSTEM PRECAUTION SR 1
System Name Power Window Control System STEERING COLUMN STEERING SYSTEM STEERING SYSTEM PRECAUTION 1 1. HANDLING PRECAUTIONS FOR S AIRBAG SYSTEM (SEE PAGE RS-1) 2. HANDLING PRECAUTIONS FOR STEERING COLUMN
More informationFRONT SUSPENSION SECTION FSU CONTENTS E SUSPENSION FSU-1 FSU
FRONT SUSPENSION E SUSPENSION SECTION FSU A FRONT SUSPENSION B C D CONTENTS FSU PRECAUTIONS... 2 Caution... 2 PREPARATION... 3 Special Service Tools... 3 Commercial Service Tools... 3 NOISE, VIBRATION
More information