CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF COGGING TORQUE
|
|
- Augustus Benson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 95 CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF COGGING TORQUE 5.1 INTRODUCTION In modern era of technology, permanent magnet AC and DC motors are widely used in many industrial applications. For such motors, it has been a challenge for the designers to minimize the torque fluctuations which may cause vibrations, noise and speed fluctuations. These factors have two key components: torque ripple and cogging torque (Zhu & Howe 2000). Torque ripple is caused by the fluctuations generated in the field distribution and the armature MMF. Cogging torque is caused by the interaction between the stator air-gap permeance and permanent magnet MMF. Cogging torque is the main source of creating the torque ripple in PM machines. When the motor runs at high speed, the torque ripple is usually filtered out by the system inertia. In the case of lower speeds, torque ripple may result in undesirable speed variations, vibrations, and acoustic noise. Due to this, the machine performance is affected significantly. Reducing cogging torque is often a major concern during the design of PM machines, since it is one of the main sources of speed fluctuations. Figure 5.1 shows the variation of cogging torque of the proposed PMSRM with respect to different rotor positions. It is observed that the cogging torque of 1.2 N-m was generated by the proposed PMSRM which is to be reduced. If the cogging torque is reduced, the overall torque generated by the machine and its performance could improve to satisfy the optimum performance.
2 96 Figure 5.1 Cogging torque of the proposed PMSRM In order to eliminate the cogging torque theoretically, it is very important to investigate the equations which define it. In practice, however, the cogging torque cannot actually be eliminated, but it can be reduced (Zhu et al 2003). In the most fundamental form cogging torque can be represented as (Hanselman 1994): T cog g dr d (5.1) where, g is the air-gap flux and R is the air-gap reluctance.
3 97 From Equation (5.1), cogging torque can be reduced either by dr forcing the air-gap flux g, or the rate of change of air-gap reluctance, to d be zero. It is not possible to make g as zero because some amount of air-gap flux is needed for the alignment and reluctance torque components for driving the machine. Therefore, the better option for reducing the cogging torque is to force the air-gap reluctance to be a constant with respect to the position of rotor. Cogging torque can be represented in terms of Fourier series as T cog k 1 T mk sin( mk c ) (5.2) where, m kc is the least common multiple of the number of stator slots and the number of poles is an integer T mk is a Fourier coefficient and is angular position of rotor It is because, cogging torque is a summation of sinusoidal harmonic component. In case of traditional machines, where there are no cogging torque reduction techniques, the rotor magnets will contribute an additive effect to cogging torque. It is because each magnet has the same relative position with respect to the stator slots. The torque generated from each magnet is in phase with the others, and as a result, the harmonic components of each are added. By properly designing a machine in such a way that the magnets are out of phase with each other the effect of cogging can be minimized.
4 METHODS OF REDUCING COGGING TORQUE Various techniques used for reducing the cogging torque are discussed in this chapter. Most of the techniques used are successful in reducing the undesired cogging torque, but they also reduce the desired mutual torque (Islam et al 2004; Ishikawa 1993). Conventional methods to reduce cogging torque are (Li & Slemon 1988): Using increased length of the air-gap Using fractional slots/pole Decreasing the width of the slot openings Using the increased air-gap length to decrease the cogging will increase the amount of the PM material, because low permeability of the air will rapidly increase the required MMF (Hwang et al 2001). Fractional slot/pole design will make the machine design more complicated, and it also leads to a higher harmonic content of the air-gap flux. It was shown by (Li & Slemon 1988), however, that with a proper design, the torque ripple of a fractional slot machine can be kept small. If the slot openings with decreased widths or even with semi-magnetic slot wedges are applied, the tooth-tip and the slot-leakage inductance will increase thus decreasing the torque production capability of the motor. It is also possible to decrease the cogging torque not only by the proper machine design, but also by modulating the inverter current waveform. Numerous papers have been written on this topic, as well as on the other control-based methods (Jahns & Soong 1996; Bianchi & Bolognani 2002; DeLaRee & Boules 1989). With the increased interest of the researchers, many new methods of reducing the cogging torque has been introduced in recent years (Dosiek & Pillay 2007). The most common methods of reducing cogging torque is discussed in this chapter and a better method is opted for the design of proposed PMSRM.
5 Introduction of Shoes in Stator Teeth The simplest and easiest way to eliminate cogging torque is to design a slot-less stator so that the saliency is eliminated. This type of design enables the generation of a constant air-gap reluctance that would minimize the cogging torque. However, in practice, this is not a feasible method due to the requirement of opening for winding. The alternate solution of reducing the cogging torque is by the addition of shoes to the stator teeth as shown in Figure 5.2. Figure 5.2 Air-gap reluctance with shoes in stator teeth The addition of shoes allow the stator inner surface to be mostly steel, thereby decreasing the air-gap reluctance variation. This type of arrangement also allows space for the insertion of the stator windings. In general, it is established that the variation in the magnitude of the cogging torque decreases with increased shoe size. Apart from reducing cogging torque, the main advantage with the addition of shoes is that the performance of the machine is not affected by this method. The disadvantage is that winding inductance is increased. The value of cogging torque with respect to
6 100 different slot openings is illustrated in Figure 5.3. It is observed that the value of cogging torque is minimum with no slot opening. It is practically not possible because the stator windings needed to get into the slots. The actual size of the shoes is selected so that the slot opening would be just large enough to allow the stator windings to fit. This value created a slot opening of 2mm. Also, it is seen that the value of cogging torque is nominal when the slot opening is at 2mm. Figure 5.3 Cogging torque as a function of slot opening Optimal Magnet Arc Magnet pole-arc is a well established technique that can have a large effect on the amplitude of cogging torque. For minimizing the value of cogging torque, there is an optimum value for pole-arc that can be found using m n N sm 1, 0 1 (5.3)
7 101 where, m is the ratio of pole-arc to pole-pitch n N sm is an integer is the number of slots per pole and is the parameter that is varied to minimize cogging For any given value of n, there exist i values of that can minimize the i th harmonic of the cogging torque. Determining the proper values of is not trivial and requires the use of FEM. Finite element method determines the magnet pole-arc that can minimize cogging torque by changing several values of magnet arc shown in Figure Figure 5.4 Cogging torque as a function of magnet arc
8 102 The angle of the arc was varied for values of n between 4 and 5 to satisfy Equation (5.3). It was observed that an arc of 105 degree electrical produces lower cogging torque of 0.43N-m Magnet Edge Shaping By properly shaping the edges of the permanent magnets the rate of change of the air-gap flux density can be varied significantly. The variation of air-gap flux caused by the magnet edges, as one moves from one magnet pole to the next minimizes the cogging torque. In case of the conventional magnet shapes, the transition from magnet to non-magnet is immediate, and hence the rate of change is very high. This can be overcome by shaping the magnets, so that the thickness of magnet is smaller near the magnet edges as shown in Figure 5.5. As a result, the transition from rotor material or air to the magnet is more gradual, thereby reducing the rate of change of the air-gap flux density and the cogging torque. This effectively reduced the cogging torque to 0.4 N-m based on FEM as shown in Figure 5.6. (a) Flux barrier with normal magnet (b) Flux barrier with edges reshaped Figure 5.5 Magnet shaping of PMSRM
9 103 Figure 5.6 Comparison of cogging torque of original machine and magnet reshaped machine Skewing Generally skewing is performed either in the stator or in the rotor along the axial length of the machine as shown in Figure 5.7. Skewing is one dr of effective method to eliminate. For an unskewed machine, the value of d instantaneous air-gap reluctance is uniform along the axial length. The reluctance varies with the period as the rotor rotates, thus generating cogging torque. The stator or rotor of a machine is skewed in such a way that the total circumferential angle of skewing is equal to one period of the air-gap reluctance variation. Each permanent magnet is instantaneously subjected to the variation of reluctance and thus the value of the cogging torque is varied. s 1 T T sin mk d (5.4) cog s k 1 0 mk
10 104 Figure 5.7 Machine with skewed magnet Where, s is one period of cogging torque which is obtained from: s 2 m (5.5) Figure 5.8 Cogging torque with skewing effect
11 105 The required angle of skewing to eliminate cogging torque was chosen to be 15 degrees from Equation (5.5). It was found in results shown in Figure 5.8 that the cogging torque is reduced to 0.35 N-m. Although continuous skewing theoretically reduces cogging torque, some residual will still remain in practice due to end effects and rotor eccentricity. Skewing along with reducing the cogging, also removes most of the harmonics of the back EMF. The problem of skewing is that it adds torque ripple in the machines fed with trapezoidal currents. Also skewing includes the difficulty in manufacturing and an increased winding resistance in the case of the skewed stator Fractional Pitch Winding In machines that have integral pitch windings, it is common that the poles will have a whole number which is in multiple of stator teeth. Thus the cogging effects of each magnet are in phase and added. The cogging torque generated by each magnet is given by: T T sin N k (5.6) s cog k 1 N k sl The fundamental frequency of Equation (5.6) is N sl (number of slot) times one mechanical rotation. Hence in the case of integral pitch wound machines, the least common multiple of the number slots and the number of poles, is equal to N s. It is because for such type of machines the number of slots present is an integer multiple of the number of poles. By using a fractional pitch winding, each magnet pole is subjected to a fractional number of slots and therefore, the cogging torque contributed by the magnets is out of phase with each other. As a result, the overall cogging torque is minimized. For fractional pitch windings, the least common multiple of the number of slots, number of poles, and the fundamental frequency of the overall cogging
12 106 torque, is always an integer multiple of the number of slots. Figure 5.9 shows the cogging torque for the fractional pitch winding. The value of cogging torque is observed as 0.45 N-m. Figure 5.9 Cogging torque of fraction pitch winding design Auxiliary Slotting By adding some dummy slots in the stator tooth cogging torque can be minimized. The dummy slots vary the permeance of the stator to reduce the cogging torque. Dummy slots with the opening of 2mm are shown in Figure The variation of cogging torque for 2mm and 4mm slot opening is illustrated in Figure It is clear from the results that lower the width of slot opening, the cogging torque is reduced. The effect of including dummy slot is almost equivalent to doubling the number of slots which will increase the cost of production and complexity of design. Hence such methods are not advisable.
13 107 Figure 5.10 Introduction of dummy slot in stator Figure 5.11 Cogging torque Vs rotor position for different slot opening
14 SUMMARY The proposed machine is found to have a cogging torque of 1.2N-m which is 12.5% of the rated torque of the machine. Various techniques for reducing this cogging torque are discussed. The first method analyzed for reducing cogging torque is the addition of shoe to the stator teeth. The value of cogging torque is estimated for different slot openings. It is found that when the slot opening is at 2mm the cogging torque is reduced to 25% with the value of 0.9N-m. The lower value of slot opening can further reduce the cogging torque, but stator winding cannot be easily fixed. This method does not reduce the cogging torque significantly. In optimal magnet arc technique, the angle of arc is varied in steps of 5 degrees. It is observed that the cogging torque is reduced to 65% with the value of 0.42 N-m at 105 degrees. The problem with this technique is that the value of back emf is increased due to increase in arc angle. Magnetic shaping is one of the easiest techniques to implement without changing the stator or rotor construction. Only the edges of the magnets are reshaped to evenly distribute the air-gap flux. The cogging torque is effectively reduced to 67% with the value of 0.4 N-m. On skewing the rotor, cogging torque is reduced to a minimum value of 0.35N-m. However this method increases the manufacturing cost and complexity in design. Use of fractional pitch winding reduces the cogging torque to a value of 0.45N-m. This method is not attractive due to the complexity involved in winding construction.
15 109 On adding auxiliary slotting in stator, cogging torque can be reduced to 70% with the value of 0.35N-m. Due to the introduction of dummy slots, the stator area is to be increased which increases the size of the machine as well as cost. On analyzing various techniques it is proposed to implement the magnetic shaping method because, it is easy to implement and effectively reduces the cogging torque up to 67% with the value of 0.4N-m.
INFLUENCE OF MAGNET POLE ARC VARIATION ON THE COGGING TORQUE OF RADIAL FLUX PERMANENT MAGNET BRUSHLESS DC (PMBLDC) MOTOR
INFLUENCE OF MAGNET POLE ARC VARIATION ON THE COGGING TORQUE OF RADIAL FLUX PERMANENT MAGNET BRUSHLESS DC (PMBLDC) MOTOR Amit N.Patel 1, Aksh P. Naik 2 1,2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute
More informationMagnet Skew in Cogging Torque Minimization of Axial Gap Permanent Magnet Motors
Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical Machines Paper ID 11 Magnet Skew in Cogging Torque Minimization of Axial Gap Permanent Magnet Motors M. Aydin maydin@ieee.org Dept. of Mechatronics
More informationCHAPTER 3 DESIGN OF THE LIMITED ANGLE BRUSHLESS TORQUE MOTOR
33 CHAPTER 3 DESIGN OF THE LIMITED ANGLE BRUSHLESS TORQUE MOTOR 3.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter presents the design of frameless Limited Angle Brushless Torque motor. The armature is wound with toroidal
More informationTHE advancement in the manufacturing of permanent magnets
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, VOL. 43, NO. 8, AUGUST 2007 3435 Design Consideration to Reduce Cogging Torque in Axial Flux Permanent-Magnet Machines Delvis Anibal González, Juan Antonio Tapia, and Alvaro
More informationCHAPTER 4 MODELING OF PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR BASED WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM
47 CHAPTER 4 MODELING OF PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR BASED WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM 4.1 INTRODUCTION Wind energy has been the subject of much recent research and development. The only negative
More informationThis is a repository copy of Influence of design parameters on cogging torque in permanent magnet machines.
This is a repository copy of Influence of design parameters on cogging torque in permanent magnet machines. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/889/ Article: Zhu,
More informationElectrical Engineering Department, Government Engineering College, Bhuj, India. Figure 1 Dual rotor single stator Axial Flux PM motor
American International Journal of Research in Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics Available online at http://www.iasir.net ISSN (Print): 2328-3491, ISSN (Online): 2328-3580, ISSN (CD-ROM): 2328-3629
More informationA novel flux-controllable vernier permanent-magnet machine
Title A novel flux-controllable vernier permanent-magnet machine Author(s) Liu, C; Zhong, J; Chau, KT Citation The IEEE International Magnetic Conference (INTERMAG2011), Teipei, Taiwan, 25-29 April 2011.
More informationTransient analysis of a new outer-rotor permanent-magnet brushless DC drive using circuit-field-torque coupled timestepping finite-element method
Title Transient analysis of a new outer-rotor permanent-magnet brushless DC drive using circuit-field-torque coupled timestepping finite-element method Author(s) Wang, Y; Chau, KT; Chan, CC; Jiang, JZ
More informationGeneral Purpose Permanent Magnet Motor Drive without Speed and Position Sensor
General Purpose Permanent Magnet Motor Drive without Speed and Position Sensor Jun Kang, PhD Yaskawa Electric America, Inc. 1. Power consumption by electric motors Fig.1 Yaskawa V1000 Drive and a PM motor
More informationAxial-flux PM Synchronous Machines with Air-gap Profiling and Very High Ratio of Spoke Rotor Poles to Stator Concentrated Coils
Axial-flux PM Synchronous Machines with Air-gap Profiling and Very High Ratio of Spoke Rotor Poles to Stator Concentrated Coils Vandana Rallabandi, Narges Taran and Dan M. Ionel, Fellow, IEEE Department
More informationEVS25. Shenzhen, China, Nov 5-9, 2010
Page00053 EVS5 Shenzhen, China, Nov 5-9, 010 Application for Step-sewing of Rotor of IPM Motors Used in EV Hongliang Ying 1, Zhouyun Zhang 1, Jun Gong 1, Surong Huang, Xuanming Ding 1 1 Technique center
More informationOptimization Design of an Interior Permanent Magnet Motor for Electro Hydraulic Power Steering
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9(14), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i14/91100, April 2016 ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645 Optimization Design of an Interior Permanent Magnet
More informationInternational Journal of Advance Research in Engineering, Science & Technology
Impact Factor (SJIF): 4.542 International Journal of Advance Research in Engineering, Science & Technology e-issn: 2393-9877, p-issn: 2394-2444 Volume 4, Issue 4, April-2017 Simulation and Analysis for
More informationCharacteristics Analysis of Novel Outer Rotor Fan-type PMSM for Increasing Power Density
Journal of Magnetics 23(2), 247-252 (2018) ISSN (Print) 1226-1750 ISSN (Online) 2233-6656 https://doi.org/10.4283/jmag.2018.23.2.247 Characteristics Analysis of Novel Outer Rotor Fan-type PMSM for Increasing
More information873. Cogging torque and torque ripple reduction of a novel exterior-rotor geared motor
873. Cogging torque and torque ripple reduction of a novel exterior-rotor geared motor Yi-Chang Wu 1, Yi-Cheng Hong 2 National Yunlin University of Science & Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan, R. O. C. E-mail:
More informationPM Assisted, Brushless Wound Rotor Synchronous Machine
Journal of Magnetics 21(3), 399-404 (2016) ISSN (Print) 1226-1750 ISSN (Online) 2233-6656 http://dx.doi.org/10.4283/jmag.2016.21.3.399 PM Assisted, Brushless Wound Rotor Synchronous Machine Qasim Ali 1,
More informationCHAPTER 4 HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT OF DUAL ROTOR RADIAL FLUX PERMANENT MAGNET GENERATOR FOR STAND-ALONE WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS
66 CHAPTER 4 HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT OF DUAL ROTOR RADIAL FLUX PERMANENT MAGNET GENERATOR FOR STAND-ALONE WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS 4.1 INTRODUCTION In this chapter, the prototype hardware development of proposed
More informationEffect of Permanent Magnet Rotor Design on PMSM Properties
Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Vol. 1 (2012), No. 3 98 Effect of Permanent Magnet Rotor Design on PMSM Properties SEKERÁK Peter, HRABOVCOVÁ Valéria, RAFAJDUS Pavol, KALAMEN Lukáš, ONUFER Matúš
More informationCogging Torque Reduction of IPM Motor using Skewing, Notching, Pole Pairing and Rotor Pole Axial Pairing.
Cogging Torque Reduction of IPM Motor using Skewing, Notching, Pole Pairing and Rotor Pole Axial Pairing. Fatihah Shafiqah Bahrim 1,*, E. Sulaiman 1, Laili Iwani Jusoh 1, M. Fairoz Omar 1 and Rajesh Kumar
More informationDesign of Brushless Permanent-Magnet Machines. J.R. Hendershot Jr. T.J.E. Miller
Design of Brushless Permanent-Magnet Machines J.R. Hendershot Jr. T.J.E. Miller Contents 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION l 1.1 Definitions and types of brushless motor 1 1.2 Commutation,. 4 1.3 Operation of 3-phase
More informationFig. 1 Cross section of 8P18S IPM motor. Fig. 2 FEA model of the IPM motor. 3. Design Optimization Variables Design optimization is carried out using
2011 International Conference on Signal, Image Processing and Applications With workshop of ICEEA 2011 IPCSIT vol.21 (2011) (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore Effect of Skew and Radii Ratio on Motor Performance
More informationCHAPTER 3 BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR
53 CHAPTER 3 BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR 3.1 INTRODUCTION The application of motors has spread to all kinds of fields. In order to adopt different applications, various types of motors such as DC motors, induction
More informationExperimental Evaluations of the Dual-Excitation Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine
Experimental Evaluations of the Dual-Excitation Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine Akio Toba*, Hiroshi Ohsawa*, Yoshihiro Suzuki**, Tukasa Miura**, and Thomas A. Lipo*** Fuji Electric Co. R&D, Ltd. * 1 Fuji-machi,
More informationDESIGN OF COMPACT PERMANENT-MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS WITH CONCENTRATED WINDINGS
DESIGN OF COMPACT PERMANENT-MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS WITH CONCENTRATED WINDINGS CSABA DEAK, ANDREAS BINDER Key words: Synchronous motor, Permanent magnet, Concentrated winding. The design and comparison
More information5. LINEAR MOTORS 5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.1 INTRODUCTION 5. LINEAR MOTORS Linear Electric Motors belong to the group of Special electrical machines that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy of translator motion. Linear Electric motors
More informationPole Shape Optimization of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Using the Reduced Basis Technique
Pole Shape Optimization of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Using the Reduced Basis Technique A. Jabbari*, M. Shakeri* and S. A. Nabavi Niaki** Abstract: In the present work, an integrated method of
More informationDesign and Comparison of Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Motors for In-Wheel Electric Vehicles by 3D-FEM
o. E-4-AAA-0000 Design and Comparison of Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Motors for In-Wheel Electric Vehicles by 3D-FEM S.M. JafariShiadeh, M. Ardebili Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering K..
More informationAnti-Cog Technology. Introduction
Anti-Cog Technology Introduction Ironcore linear motors have traditionally suffered from a phenomenon known as cogging. This is seen as a periodically varying resistive force when the motor is pushed by
More informationOne-Cycle Average Torque Control of Brushless DC Machine Drive Systems
One-Cycle Average Torque Control of Brushless DC Machine Drive Systems Najma P.I. 1, Sakkeer Hussain C.K. 2 P.G. Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, MEA Engineering College,
More informationNew Self-Excited Synchronous Machine with Tooth Concentrated Winding
New Self-Excited Synchronous Machine with Tooth Concentrated Winding Gurakuq Dajaku 1) and Dieter Gerling 2), IEEE 1 FEAAM GmbH, D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany 2 Universitaet der Bundeswehr Muenchen, D-85577
More informationConverteam: St. Mouty, A. Mirzaïan FEMTO-ST: A. Berthon, D. Depernet, Ch. Espanet, F. Gustin
Permanent Magnet Design Solutions for Wind Turbine applications Converteam: St. Mouty, A. Mirzaïan FEMTO-ST: A. Berthon, D. Depernet, Ch. Espanet, F. Gustin Outlines 1. Description of high power electrical
More informationUniversity of L Aquila. Permanent Magnet-assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motors for Electric Vehicle applications
University of L Aquila Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics Permanent Magnet-assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motors for Electric Vehicle applications A. Ometto, F. Parasiliti,
More informationAspects of Permanent Magnet Machine Design
Aspects of Permanent Magnet Machine Design Christine Ross February 7, 2011 Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Electromechanics Outline Permanent Magnet (PM) Machine Fundamentals Motivation and
More informationAXIAL FLUX PERMANENT MAGNET BRUSHLESS MACHINES
AXIAL FLUX PERMANENT MAGNET BRUSHLESS MACHINES Jacek F. Gieras, Rong-Jie Wang and Maarten J. Kamper Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston-Dordrecht-London, 2004 TABLE OF CONTENETS page Preface v 1. Introduction
More informationNote 8. Electric Actuators
Note 8 Electric Actuators Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada 1 1. Introduction In a typical closed-loop, or feedback, control
More informationPage 1. Design meeting 18/03/2008. By Mohamed KOUJILI
Page 1 Design meeting 18/03/2008 By Mohamed KOUJILI I. INTRODUCTION II. III. IV. CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATING PRINCIPLE 1. Stator 2. Rotor 3. Hall sensor 4. Theory of operation TORQUE/SPEED CHARACTERISTICS
More informationAn investigation on development of Precision actuator for small robot
An investigation on development of Precision actuator for small robot Joo Han Kim*, Se Hyun Rhyu, In Soung Jung, Jung Moo Seo Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI) * 203-103 B/D 192 Yakdae-Dong,
More informationDesign of Sensorless Controlled IPMSM with Concentrated Winding for EV Drive at Low speed
EVS27 Barcelona, Spain, November 17-20, 2013 Design of Sensorless Controlled IPMSM with Concentrated Winding for EV Drive at Low speed Myung-Seop Lim 1, Seung-Hee Chai 1 and Jung-Pyo Hong 1, Senior Member,
More informationNoise and vibration due to rotor eccentricity in a HDD spindle system
DOI 10.1007/s00542-014-2139-2 Technical Paper Noise and vibration due to rotor eccentricity in a HDD spindle system Sangjin Sung Gunhee Jang Kyungjin Kang Received: 7 October 2013 / Accepted: 8 March 2014
More informationAn Investigation of Advanced Magnetic Materials for Axial Field Brushless Permanent Magnet Motor Drives for Automotive Applications
The following paper posted here is not the official IEEE published version. The final published version of this paper can be found in the Proceedings of the IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conference
More informationA Dual Stator Winding-Mixed Pole Brushless Synchronous Generator (Design, Performance Analysis & Modeling)
A Dual Stator Winding-Mixed Pole Brushless Synchronous Generator (Design, Performance Analysis & Modeling) M EL_SHANAWANY, SMR TAHOUN& M EZZAT Department (Electrical Engineering Department) University
More informationPerformance Improvements from Slotless Motors. Robert Mastromattei Director of Business Developmet Celera Motion
Performance Improvements from Slotless Motors Robert Mastromattei Director of Business Developmet Celera Motion Smooth Motion Today we will explore the design differences, benefits, and tradeoffs of slotless
More informationCOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK SUBJECT CODE & NAME : EE 1001 SPECIAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES
KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK SUBJECT CODE & NAME : EE 1001 SPECIAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES YEAR / SEM : IV / VII UNIT I SYNCHRONOUS RELUCTANCE
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 129 (2015 ) International Conference on Industrial Engineering
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 129 (2015 ) 408 414 International Conference on Industrial Engineering The Comparative Analysis of Permanent Magnet Electric
More informationB.E-EEE(Marine) Batch 7. Subject Code EE1704 Subject Name Special Electrical Machines
Course B.E-EEE(Marine) Batch 7 Semester VII Subject Code EE1704 Subject Name Special Electrical Machines Part-A Unit-1 1 List the applications of synchronous reluctance motors. 2 Draw the voltage and torque
More informationChapter 2 PRINCIPLES OF AFPM MACHINES. 2.1 Magnetic circuits Single-sided machines Double-sided machines with internal PM disc rotor
Chapter 2 PRINCIPLES OF AFPM MACHINES In this chapter the basic principles of the AFPM machine are explained in details. Considerable attention is given to the magnetic circuits, windings, torque production,
More informationRotor Position Detection of CPPM Belt Starter Generator with Trapezoidal Back EMF using Six Hall Sensors
Journal of Magnetics 21(2), 173-178 (2016) ISSN (Print) 1226-1750 ISSN (Online) 2233-6656 http://dx.doi.org/10.4283/jmag.2016.21.2.173 Rotor Position Detection of CPPM Belt Starter Generator with Trapezoidal
More informationJoule losses of magnets in permanent magnet synchronous machines - case concentrated winding machine
Joule losses of magnets in permanent magnet synchronous machines - case concentrated winding machine Hanne Jussila Lappeenranta University of Technology 1 Joule losses of permanent magnets Eddy current
More informationCHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
11 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION Electromechanical actuators are mainly used in many industrial systems such as aerospace, automotive, underwater and domestic applications. In particular,
More informationModeling PM Rotary-Linear Motors with Twin- Stator Using 3D FEMM
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2010 Modeling PM Rotary-Linear Motors with Twin- Stator Using 3D FEMM Oleksandr Dobzhanskyi Louisiana State University
More informationPERFORMANCE AND ENHANCEMENT OF Z-SOURCE INVERTER FED BLDC MOTOR USING SLIDING MODE OBSERVER
PERFORMANCE AND ENHANCEMENT OF Z-SOURCE INVERTER FED BLDC MOTOR USING SLIDING MODE OBSERVER K.Kalpanadevi 1, Mrs.S.Sivaranjani 2, 1 M.E. Power Systems Engineering, V.S.B.Engineering College, Karur, Tamilnadu,
More informationCHAPTER 2 SELECTION OF MOTORS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE PROPULSION
14 CHAPTER 2 SELECTION OF MOTORS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE PROPULSION 2.1 INTRODUCTION The selection of motors for electric vehicles is a major task. Since many literatures have been reported on various electric
More informationPermanent Magnet Machines for Distributed Generation: A Review
Permanent Magnet Machines for Distributed Generation: A Review Paper Number: 07GM0593 Authors: Tze-Fun Chan, EE Department, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China Loi Lei Lai, School of
More informationA New Low-Cost Hybrid Switched Reluctance Motor for Adjustable-Speed Pump Applications
A New Low-Cost Hybrid Switched Reluctance Motor for Adjustable-Speed Pump Applications K. Y. Lu, P. O. Rasmussen, S. J. Watkins, F. Blaabjerg Institute of Energy Technology Aalborg University DK-922 Aalborg
More informationQUESTION BANK SPECIAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES
SEVENTH SEMESTER EEE QUESTION BANK SPECIAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES TWO MARK QUESTIONS 1. What is a synchronous reluctance 2. What are the types of rotor in synchronous reluctance 3. Mention some applications
More informationSENSORLESS CONTROL OF BLDC MOTOR USING BACKEMF BASED DETECTION METHOD
SENSORLESS CONTROL OF BLDC MOTOR USING BACKEMF BASED DETECTION METHOD A.Bharathi sankar 1, Dr.R.Seyezhai 2 1 Research scholar, 2 Associate Professor, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering,
More informationAC Motors vs DC Motors. DC Motors. DC Motor Classification ... Prof. Dr. M. Zahurul Haq
AC Motors vs DC Motors DC Motors Prof. Dr. M. Zahurul Haq http://teacher.buet.ac.bd/zahurul/ Department of Mechanical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology ME 6401: Advanced Mechatronics
More informationDesign Analysis of a Dual Rotor Permanent Magnet Machine driven Electric Vehicle
Design Analysis of a Dual Rotor Permanent Magnet Machine driven Electric Vehicle Mohd Izzat Bin Zainuddin 1, Aravind CV 1,* 1 School of Engineering, Taylor s University, Malaysia Abstract. Electric bike
More informationAxial Flux Permanent Magnet Brushless Machines
Jacek F. Gieras Rong-Jie Wang Maarten J. Kamper Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Brushless Machines Second Edition Springer Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Features 1 1.3 Development of AFPM Machines
More informationComparative Performance of FE-FSM, PM-FSM and HE-FSM with Segmental Rotor Hassan Ali Soomro a, Erwan Sulaiman b and Faisal Khan c
Comparative Performance of FE-FSM, PM-FSM and HE-FSM with Segmental Rotor Hassan Ali Soomro a, Erwan Sulaiman b and Faisal Khan c Department of Electrical power Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn
More informationPermanent Magnet Synchronous Machines with Fractional Slot and Concentrated Winding Configurations
CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY Defence Academy - College of Management and Technology Department of Engineering and Applied Science, Power and Drive Systems Group PhD Thesis 2011 Weizhong Fei Permanent Magnet Synchronous
More informationCHAPTER THREE DC MOTOR OVERVIEW AND MATHEMATICAL MODEL
CHAPTER THREE DC MOTOR OVERVIEW AND MATHEMATICAL MODEL 3.1 Introduction Almost every mechanical movement that we see around us is accomplished by an electric motor. Electric machines are a means of converting
More information2 Principles of d.c. machines
2 Principles of d.c. machines D.C. machines are the electro mechanical energy converters which work from a d.c. source and generate mechanical power or convert mechanical power into a d.c. power. These
More informationLecture 20: Stator Control - Stator Voltage and Frequency Control
Lecture 20: Stator Control - Stator Voltage and Frequency Control Speed Control from Stator Side 1. V / f control or frequency control - Whenever three phase supply is given to three phase induction motor
More informationQuestion Bank ( ODD)
Programme : B.E Question Bank (2016-2017ODD) Subject Semester / Branch : EE 6703 SPECIAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES : VII-EEE UNIT - 1 PART A 1. List the applications of synchronous reluctance motors. 2. Draw
More informationDHANALAKSHMI SRINIVASAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY MAMALLAPURAM, CHENNAI
DHANALAKSHMI SRINIVASAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY MAMALLAPURAM, CHENNAI -603104 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK VII SEMESTER EE6501-Power system Analysis
More informationCogging Reduction of a Low-speed Direct-drive Axial-gap Generator
APSAEM14 Jorunal of the Japan Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics Vol.23, No.3 (2015) Regular Paper Cogging Reduction of a Low-speed Direct-drive Axial-gap Generator Tomoki HASHIMOTO *1,
More informationEXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF INDUCED VOLTAGE SELF- EXCITATION OF A SWITCHED RELUCTANCE GENERATOR
EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF INDUCED VOLTAGE SELF- EXCITATION OF A SWITCHED RELUCTANCE GENERATOR Velimir Nedic Thomas A. Lipo Wisconsin Power Electronic Research Center University of Wisconsin Madison
More informationCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 ELECTRICAL MOTOR This thesis address the performance analysis of brushless dc (BLDC) motor having new winding method in the stator for reliability requirement of electromechanical
More informationDepartment of Electrical Power Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Locked Bag 101, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
Performance Comparison of 12S-14P Inner and Field Excitation Flux Switching Motor Syed Muhammad Naufal Syed Othman a, Erwan Sulaiman b, Faisal Khan c, Zhafir Aizat Husin d and Mohamed Mubin Aizat Mazlan
More informationComparison and analysis of flux-switching permanent-magnet double-rotor machine with 4QT used for HEV
Title Comparison and analysis of flux-switching permanent-magnet double-rotor machine with 4QT used for HEV Author(s) Mo, L; Quan, L; Zhu, X; Chen, Y; Qiu, H; Chau, KT Citation The 2014 IEEE International
More informationPermanent Magnet Synchronous Motor. High Efficiency Industrial Motors
VoltPro is a new industrial motor range to meet high efficiency needs of industry by higher level of IE4 efficiency class. Main advantage of this product is cost effective solution ensured by using standard
More informationCOMPARATIVE STUDY ON MAGNETIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS BETWEEN INDEPENDENT COIL EXCITATION AND CONVENTIONAL THREE PHASE PERMANENT MAGNET MOTOR
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MAGNETIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS BETWEEN INDEPENDENT COIL EXCITATION AND CONVENTIONAL THREE PHASE PERMANENT MAGNET MOTOR A. Nazifah Abdullah 1, M. Norhisam 2, S. Khodijah 1, N. Amaniza 1,
More informationInvestigation of Short Permanent Magnet and Stator Flux Bridges Effects on Cogging Torque Mitigation in FSPM Machines
Investigation of Short Permanent Magnet and Stator Flux Bridges Effects on Cogging Torque Mitigation in FSPM Machines Chun Gan, Member, IEEE, Jianhua Wu, Mengjie Shen, Qingguo Sun, Yihua Hu, Senior Member,
More informationIron loss and eddy-current loss analysis in a low-power BLDC motor with magnet segmentation *
ARCHIVES OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VOL. 61(1), pp. 33-46 (2012) DOI 10.2478/v10171-012-0003-5 Iron loss and eddy-current loss analysis in a low-power BLDC motor with magnet segmentation * ADRIAN MŁOT 1,
More informationINTRODUCTION Principle
DC Generators INTRODUCTION A generator is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by using the principle of magnetic induction. Principle Whenever a conductor is moved within a
More informationA Design on Reduction Cogging Torque of Dual Generator Radial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator for Small Wind Turbine
J Electr Eng Technol Vol. 8, o.?: 74-?, 3 http://dx.doi.org/.537/jeet.3.8.?.74 ISS(Print) 975- ISS(Online) 93-743 A Design on Reduction ogging Torque of Dual Generator Radial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator
More informationCHAPTER 6 INTRODUCTION TO MOTORS AND GENERATORS
CHAPTER 6 INTRODUCTION TO MOTORS AND GENERATORS Objective Describe the necessary conditions for motor and generator operation. Calculate the force on a conductor carrying current in the presence of the
More informationDesign of Position Detection Strategy of Sensorless Permanent Magnet Motors at Standstill Using Transient Finite Element Analysis
Design of Position Detection Strategy of Sensorless Permanent Magnet Motors at Standstill Using Transient Finite Element Analysis W. N. Fu 1, and S. L. Ho 1, and Zheng Zhang 2, Fellow, IEEE 1 The Hong
More informationForced vibration frequency response for a permanent magnetic planetary gear
Forced vibration frequency response for a permanent magnetic planetary gear Xuejun Zhu 1, Xiuhong Hao 2, Minggui Qu 3 1 Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Parallel Robot and Mechatronic System, Yanshan
More informationSub:EE6604/DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES Unit V SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES. 2. What are the two type of poles used in salient pole machines?
SRI VIDYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF EEEE QUESTION BANK Sub:EE6604/DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES Unit V SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES 1. Name the two types of synchronous machines. 1. Salient
More information14 Single- Phase A.C. Motors I
Lectures 14-15, Page 1 14 Single- Phase A.C. Motors I There exists a very large market for single-phase, fractional horsepower motors (up to about 1 kw) particularly for domestic use. Like many large volume
More informationTrends in Dimensioning PM and Reluctance Machines
17 Trends in Dimensioning PM and Reluctance Machines Trends in Dimensioning PM and Reluctance Machines Tim Miller FEMAG Anwendertreffen 2015 28. 29. Oktober 2015 2015 Retrospeed 1 Dimensions Size + Shape
More informationCogging Torque and Torque Ripple in a Direct-Drive Interior Permanent Magnet Generator
Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 7, 73 85, 216 Cogging Torque and Torque Ripple in a Direct-Drive Interior Permanent Magnet Generator Rukmi Dutta *, Kazi Ahsanullah, and Faz Rahman Abstract
More informationLow Speed Control Enhancement for 3-phase AC Induction Machine by Using Voltage/ Frequency Technique
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 7(7): 370-375, 2013 ISSN 1991-8178 Low Speed Control Enhancement for 3-phase AC Induction Machine by Using Voltage/ Frequency Technique 1 Mhmed M. Algrnaodi,
More informationDESIGN OF AXIAL FLUX BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR BASED ON 3D FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR UNMANNED ELECTRIC VEHICLE APPLICATIONS
DESIGN OF AXIAL FLUX BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR BASED ON 3D FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR UNMANNED ELECTRIC VEHICLE APPLICATIONS 1 H. SURYOATMOJO, R. MARDIYANTO, G. B. A. JANARDANA, M. ASHARI Department of Electrical
More informationCHAPTER 2 BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR
25 CHAPTER 2 BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR 2.1 INTRODUCTION A motion system based on the DC motor provides a good, simple and efficient solution to satisfy the requirements of a variable speed drive. Although dc
More informationDesign and Development of Three Phase Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (PM BLDC) Motor for Variable Speed
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Compressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2012 Design and Development of Three Phase Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (PM BLDC) Motor
More informationIntroduction. Introduction. Switched Reluctance Motors. Introduction
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, SYDNEY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING 48550 Electrical Energy Technology Switched Reluctance Motors Topics to cover: 1. Introduction 2. Structures & Torque Production 3. Drive Circuits
More informationDoubly fed electric machine
Doubly fed electric machine Doubly fed electric machines are electric motors or electric generators that have windings on both stationary and rotating parts, where both windings transfer significant power
More informationPart- A Objective Questions (10X1=10 Marks)
Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi-3 (An Autonomous Institution) CCET 3(2016Regulation) Name of Programme: B.E. (EEE) Course Code&Course Title: 16EET41 & Synchronous & Induction
More informationTorque Analysis of Magnetic Spur Gear with Different Configurations
International Journal of Electrical Engineering. ISSN 974-158 Volume 5, Number 7 (1), pp. 843-85 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Torque Analysis of Magnetic Spur Gear with
More informationApplication of Soft Magnetic Composite Material in the Field of Electrical Machines Xiaobei Li 1,2,a, Jing Zhao 1,2,b*, Zhen Chen 1,2, c
Applied Mechanics and Materials Online: 2013-08-30 I: 1662-7482, Vols. 380-384, pp 4299-4302 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.4299 2013 Trans Tech Publications, witzerland Application of oft
More informationElectrical Machines II. Week 5-6: Induction Motor Construction, theory of operation, rotating magnetic field and equivalent circuit
Electrical Machines II Week 5-6: Induction Motor Construction, theory of operation, rotating magnetic field and equivalent circuit Asynchronous (Induction) Motor: industrial construction Two types of induction
More informationThe Effects of Magnetic Circuit Geometry on Torque Generation of 8/14 Switched Reluctance Machine
213 XXIV International Conference on Information, Communication and Automation Technologies (ICAT) October 3 November 1, 213, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina The Effects of Magnetic Circuit Geometry on
More informationCooling Enhancement of Electric Motors
Cooling Enhancement of Electric Motors Authors : Yasser G. Dessouky* and Barry W. Williams** Dept. of Computing & Electrical Engineering Heriot-Watt University Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K. Fax :
More informationElectromagnetic and Thermal Modeling of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with Either a Laminated or SMC Stator
Electromagnetic and Thermal Modeling of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with Either a Laminated or SMC Stator David K. Farnia Burgess Norton Mfg. Geneva, IL 60134 dkfarnia@burgessnorton.com Tetsuya
More informationA Novel Axial-flux Electric Machine for In-wheel Gearless Drive in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
A Novel Axial-flux Electric Machine for In-wheel Gearless Drive in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles W. N. Fu, and S. L. Ho The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong A novel low-speed
More informationWITH the requirements of reducing emissions and
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, VOL. 51, NO. 3, MARCH 2015 8201805 Investigation and Design of a High-Power Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machine for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Wei Hua, Gan Zhang, and
More information