FUELS IN ACTION: HYDROGEN

Transcription

1 FUELS IN ACTION: HYDROGEN

2 Dr Anthony Velazquez TRL hydrogen expert

3 Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Technologies in Heavy Goods Vehicles Dr Anthony Velazquez Abad UCL Energy Institute, University College London Presented at the LoCity Fuels Roadshow, 20 th March 2018

4 What is hydrogen? Index Powertrain technologies How is it used? Is it safe? The market for hydrogen and fuel cells for heavy duty vehicles

5 What is Hydrogen? Characteristics Feedstocks Production processes Energy security / flexibility WTW GHG Emissions

6 Hydrogen Technologies for road haulage Dual fuel / bi-fuel / retrofitting Internal combustion engines Fuel cells (PEMFC / SOFC) Auxiliary Power Units Source: AVL.com Source: Steinberger-Wilckens, R., Dodds, P.E., Kurban, Z., Velazquez Abad, A., and Radcliffe, J. (Eds.) (2017) The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in delivering energy security for the UK. H2FC Supergen, London, UK.

7 Comparison between BE and FC powertrains FC T T M E B M H 2 T H 2 T E B H 2 Schema of a BEV. Components: B-battery, E- electronic controllers, M-electric motor, T- Transmission Schema of a FCEV. Components: B-battery, E- electronic controllers, M-electric motor, T- Transmission, H2T-hydrogen tank, FC-fuel cell. Source: Velazquez Abad A, Techno-economic Comparison between Battery and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles, in Southampton Business School. University of Southampton: Southampton.

8 Practicalities of using Hydrogen Hydrogen safety: The typical of compressed or liquefied fuels. In FC hydrogen is 35/70 MPa or C Accidents / hydrogen tanks Restricted routes / tunnels Refueling Detours for refueling and a lack of refueling infrastructure Alternatively, expensive investment on private filling stations and need to meet different safety standards than incumbent technology Lower maintenance (for FC vehicles only)

9 Benefits / limitations of FC HDVs Benefits Similar refueling time to conventional HDV Similar range to conventional HDV Zero AQ emissions at the point of use Lack of infrastructure Challenges Total cost of ownership (while achieving economies of scale) tend to be higher except in niche applications Limited offer Some pathways yield very low WTW GHG emissions Lack of policy instruments compared to BEV Lower noise levels than conventional HDV Wider benefits for the energy system (energy security and flexibility) Low wear / potential higher value second hand market High powertrain efficiency (up to 60%) High power density Lower operating temperature / good at cold-starts More safety checks than a conventional HDV

10 Comparative Performance of Drivetrains Source: Staffell, I., Scamman, D., Abad, A. V., Balcombe, P., Dodds, P. E.,... Ward, K. R. (2018, February 21). The role and status of hydrogen and fuel cells across the global energy system. Retrieved from engrxiv.org/rzm4g

11 Current Status Current availability of hydrogen in commercial HD vehicles: Dual Fuel vehicles (ULEMCO) Hybrids (Symbio range extenders) Class 6: UPS Fuel Cells semi-articulated vehicles Class 8 (Toyota Project Portal, Kenworth T680, Scania 27t, Nikola 1 - in development) Buses (JIVE / JIVE 2) Refuse trucks (DAF CF75FA Nederlands) Emergency vehicles Auxiliary power units (SOFC AVL EU FP7 project, Eberspächer, OWI)

12 Current Status Source: Staffell, I., Scamman, D., Abad, A. V., Balcombe, P., Dodds, P. E.,... Ward, K. R. (2018, February 21). The role and status of hydrogen and fuel cells across the global energy system. Retrieved from engrxiv.org/rzm4g

13 Funding Worldwide Source: Staffell, I., Scamman, D., Abad, A. V., Balcombe, P., Dodds, P. E.,... Ward, K. R. (2018, February 21). The role and status of hydrogen and fuel cells across the global energy system. Retrieved from engrxiv.org/rzm4g

14 Infrastructure Map European refuelling stations in operation Source: h2stations.org Map European planned refuelling stations

15 Future / Conclusions Trends: Hydrogen is likely to play a role in heavier and longer distance transport Cost parity: With economies of scale, FC vehicles will reach parity with BEV by 2030 and become cheaper than ICE by 2050 Fact: So far H2FC powertrains are the only zero air quality and GHG emissions powertrain (at the point of use) that can provide enough power and range for heavier vehicles, with short refuelling time The cost of infrastructure is a challenge

16 References / Endnotes Staffell, Iain, Daniel Scamman, Anthony V Abad, Paul Balcombe, Paul E Dodds, Paul Ekins, Nilay Shah, and Kate R Ward The Role and Status of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Across the Global Energy System. engrxiv. February 21. engrxiv.org/rzm4g Staffell I, Dodds P, Scamman D, Velazquez Abad A, et al., The Role of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Future Energy Systems: H2FC Supergen, London, UK. Steinberger-Wilckens, R., Dodds, P.E., Kurban, Z., Velazquez Abad, A., and Radcliffe, J. (Eds.) (2017) The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in delivering energy security for the UK. H2FC Supergen, London, UK. Velazquez Abad A, Cherrett T and Waterson B, Sim-heuristics low-carbon technologies selection framework for reducing costs and carbon emissions of heavy goods vehicles. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 20(1): Velazquez Abad A, Techno-economic Comparison between Battery and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles, in Southampton Business School. University of Southampton: Southampton.

17 Any Questions? Dr Anthony Velazquez Abad EngD, MBA, MSc, DIC, BSc(Hons) Research Associate in Hydrogen Systems Policy UCL Energy Institute UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources The Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources +44 (0) (internal x57387) University College London Central House 14 Upper Woburn Place London WC1H 0NN

18 Ali Kagalwalla Insights and Innovation Manager CitySprint

19 Why? CitySprint Deliver Cleaner Air Leading the Industry with Hydrogen Technology

20 Why? Improve Air Quality Promote Change Pilot Leading Innovation Align With Our Clients

21 Our Green Vehicles Urban jobs, miles p/d, small items, very fast Urban jobs, miles p/d, large items, electric assist, very fast Residential jobs, passenger and parcel, long range Urban jobs, charging points needed, large items, range of c. 80 miles Urban to sub-urban jobs (airports, DCs), few fueling stations, range of c. 180 miles

22 Implementation KANGOO ZE H2 Dual Fuel Hydrogen and Electric from Arcola Electric vehicle with Hydrogen to extend range Charges electricity at our site in SE1 Trialing with one of our largest clients Mitie Longer jobs to edges of M25 and airports Will test longer distance jobs (e.g. London to Colchster)

23 Fuelling Rainham Teddington Cobham

24 Learnings & Challenges Vehicle took nearly 1 year to arrive from France Finding a suitable, forward thinking driver Safety concerns behavioral change Repairs and maintenance specialist engineer needed Training Multiple rounds needed for different stakeholders OLEV grant was unsuccessful

25 Recommendations Identify routes or areas where it will work Not a one size fits all solution Joint investment into fueling stations? Justify CAPEX or OPEX Allow 6-12 months for delivery of vehicle Schedule training in advance, have as many people trained as possible

26 Questions?

27 Charles Purkess Business Development Manager ITM Power

28 HYDROGEN ENERGY STORAGE CLEAN FUEL FUELS IN ACTION MARCH 2018

29 ITM POWER WHAT WE DO ITM Power manufactures integrated hydrogen energy systems Renewable Electricity Power-To-Gas ITM Electrolyser Clean Fuel Water Renewable Chemistry ITM POWER WHAT WE DO HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS

30 MULTIPLE SECTOR APPLICATIONS HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS

31 FULL YEAR RESULTS INFOGRAPHIC

32 HYDROGEN MOBILITY HOW, WHY?? STATION ROLLOUT

33 WHAT IS A FUEL CELL VEHICLE? An EV drive train that s refuelled rather than recharged - Refuel in 3 mins - Range miles - Managed energy export FUEL CELL VEHICLES VEHICLES ROLL OUT

34 2017 ON THE ROAD An EV drive train that s refuelled rather than recharged FUEL CELL CARS VEHICLES ROLL OUT

35 LATEST GENERATIONS More power, more range, fast 5 min refuel NEXO Range miles / 800km Fuel Cell System -10 year durability 0-60 mph in 9.5 seconds Debut CES Las Vegas Jan 18 Launch in 2018 / UK 2019 FUEL CELL VEHICLES VEHICLES ROLL OUT

36 WHAT IS AN FCEV REFUELLING STATION? Tube trailer connection Off take of hydrogen for back up supply and other applications Buffer Tank 20bar 15m 3 tank ITM Power Electrolyser 80kg/day expandable to 500kg/day in 20ft container Dispenser 350 and 700 bar refuelling point Payment Unit Card reader, touchscreen and printer for cash register receipt BOC Linde Compression Ionic Compressor and gas storage, 600kg/day FCEV REFUELLING STATION VEHICLES ROLL OUT

37 ITM POWER HRS SITES Four FCH JU projects that define UK hydrogen fuel Build Own Operate model 4 operational HRS and 4 in production Siting collaboration with Shell Dispenser collaboration with BOC Linde HyFive H2ME H2ME2 BIG HIT 3 HRS 2 HRS 3 HRS 1 HRS ITM POWER HRS SITES ENERGY STORAGE CLEAN FUEL

38 HYFIVE LONDON FCH JU Project number: NPL Teddington London Opened May 2016 CEME Rainham London Opened Oct 2016 Cobham M25 Shell forecourt Opened Feb 2017 CEME Rainham A13 Cobham M25 NPL Teddington Company images HYFIVE LONDON ENERGY STORAGE CLEAN FUEL

39 HYFIVE LONDON FCH JU Project number: NPL Teddington London Opened May 2016 CEME Rainham London Opened Oct 2016 Cobham M25 Shell forecourt Opened Feb 2017 CEME Rainham A13 Cobham M25 NPL Teddington Company images HYFIVE LONDON ENERGY STORAGE CLEAN FUEL

40 H2ME UK FCH JU Project number: Beaconsfield M40 Shell Forecourt Opening Q Gatwick M23 Shell Forecourt Opening 2018 Swindon M4 Junction 16 Opening 2018 Forecourt integration with dispenser under the main canopy Beaconsfield M40 H2ME UK ENERGY STORAGE CLEAN FUEL

41 ITM POWER FUEL CONTRACTS UK stations 10/kg dispensing 1tonne/day by the end of 2018 ITM POWER FUEL CONTRACTS ENERGY STORAGE CLEAN FUEL

42 BUSES TRUCKS TRAINS FERRIES Broad range of refuelling requirements Buses: 30kg/day Trucks: 75kg/day Trains: 180kg/day Ferries: 500kg/day Air quality is driving change: National and city bans on fossil fuel vehicles Freight and port applications Heavy goods vehicles LARGE REFUELLING STATION DESIGNS HRS BUSES TRUCKS TRAINS FERRIES

43 REPLICABLE 10MW MODULE HRS scale up through replication Ability to satisfy specific refuelling profiles Sophisticated modelling to size systems correctly Use of proven compressor technology Modularity provides flexibility 10MW (4t/day) 30MW (12t/day) 50MW (20t/day) REPLICABLE 10MW MODULE HYDROGEN REFUELLING SYSTEMS

44 HYDROGEN BUSES An EV drive train that s refuelled rather than recharged Refuel of 40kg in 6 mins Range 200 miles Clean air zones in EU and UK Managed energy export HYDROGEN BUSES VEHICLES ROLL OUT

45 BIRMINGHAM FCEB Tyesley Energy Park 3MW 1,500kg/day 3MW Grid Balancing Electrolyser Funded by Innovate UK First of Kind Linde ionic compression & 350 bar dispenser Grant led by ITM Power 20 buses funded by FCH JU BIRMINGHAM FCEB BUS REFUELLING STATIONS

46 PAU FRANCE HYDROGEN BUS HRS 1MW 450kg/day Funded by FCH JU 20 per bus Led by Engie GNVert STMU Public Transport owner operator of buses PAU FRANCE HYDROGEN BUS HRS MW SCALE HRS BUSES TRUCKS TRAINS FERRIES

47 HYDROGEN ENERGY STORAGE CLEAN FUEL FUELS IN ACTION MARCH 2018 Electrolysers Central to decarbonising Transport Power Chemicals Renewables need Energy Storage Rapid Response Grid Balancing electrolysers- at the right scale Low cost Low footprint Mature Technology Offers Cross-sector decarbonisation Onsite Electrolysers offer harmony in expansion of renewables & hydrogen mobility Fuel cell transport no compromise, enables rapid adoption for clean emission cities 2040 targets will require high purity and v low carbon hydrogen for fuel cell transport

48 HYDROGEN ENERGY STORAGE CLEAN FUEL FUELS IN ACTION MARCH 2018

49 FUELS IN ACTION: HYDROGEN