EE 330 Integrated Circuit. Sequential Airbag Controller
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1 EE 330 Integrated Circuit Sequential Airbag Controller Chongli Cai Ailing Mei 04/2012
2 Content...page Introduction...3 Design strategy...3 Input, Output and Registers in the System...4 Initialization Block...5 Sensor-airbag Control and Seat-airbag Control Blocking...8 Checking Airbag state Block...9 Clock generator block...9 Test bench and Simulation Result Schematic and Layout Verilog Synthesis with RTL Compiler Import Schematic to Cadence Virtuoso after Synthesis powerplanning Placement Routing Filler cells Layout Conclusion Page 2 of 18
3 Introduction In this project, we design a digital system to control sequential deployment of the multiple airbags in the car. In the system, there are two inputs which are 9-bits impact sensors and 3-bits weight sensors. In addition, we also include 1-bit reset and 1-bit clock signal in the digital system. The output of the system is an 8 bits wide data. Each bit represents the state of each airbag. We divided the whole system into 4 blocks to design, which are initialization block, sensors-airbag control and seat-airbag control block, checking airbag state block, and clock generator block. Design strategy In our analysis, the state of each airbag depends on both corresponding weight sensor and impact sensor. So we divide it into two parts to design and then combine the two result together (using AND logic). In the first part, we ignore the effect of weight sensor and only consider the impact sensor. That is, we always assume there are people who are greater than 60lb seating at all three seats in this part. For example, triggering impact sensor S1 will cause airbag B1 and B2 open. In the second part, we ignore the effect of impact sensor and only consider the seat sensor. For example, the passenger in the seat 1 is corresponding to the airbag B2 and B4 open. Finally, we will combine the results of the two parts using logic AND. That is, only if each airbag satisfy both the two conditions in the two parts (results are both logic 1 ), it can be in the open state. Since the output of the system is an 8 bits data, in order to be convenient for arithmetic we convert both 3 bits weight sensors input and 9 bits impact sensors input to 8 bits data storing in registers. Since there is a 5ms delay for each adjacent airbag open, the output clock frequency is 200Hz which is too slow. In the test-bench the clock is 2M Hz, therefore we also design a clock divider to generate the 200Hz frequency. In addition, also make the generated 200Hz clock is synchronous with the impact sensor. That is, the first relative airbag can be open immediate once the impact sensors are triggered and do not need to wait to the next positive edge of clock. This is also an improvement of the system. Page 3 of 18
4 Input, Output and Registers in the System reg [7:0] seat_airbag [0:2] Decode 3-bits seat input to 3 memory cells with 8-bits wide. Each memory cell represents the airbags which are related to the corresponding seat. reg [7:0] sensor_airbag [0:9] Decode 9 bits sensor input to 9 memory cells with 8 bits wide. Each memory cell represents the airbags which are related to the corresponding impact sensor. reg [7:0]seat_active_airbag It stores all the active airbag without considering the state of impact sensor reg [7:0] sensor _active_airbag It stores all the active airbag without considering the state of weight sensor reg [7:0] next_active_airbag [0:7] It includes 8 memory cells with 8 bits wide. Each memory cell is corresponding to an airbag and each bit of the memory cell represents the state of each airbag on the next trigger edge if the current airbag is triggered. For example, next_active_airbg[0]= represents that the airbag B2,B3 will be triggered at next edge if B1 is triggered currently. Page 4 of 18
5 check _active_airbag It is a temporary register and used to store the current sensor_active _airbag. It is only used in the block which functions as finding the next active airbag. reg [12:0] clk_count It is a counter used to generate a slower clock. reg clk_200 Generated 200Hz clock reg clk_trigger Enable of the generated clock Initialization Block Figure (2) Page 5 of 18
6 Since there is always a driver in the driver position, the two airbags B1, B3 can always be triggered. So, the initial value for register seat_active_airbag is All impact sensors are in the deactivated state, so the initial value for register sensor_active_airbag is Memory cells seat_airbag initialization Seat 1 Seat 2 Seat 3 Figure (3) Each memory cell is corresponding to one position (3 memory cells array) Seat 1 has two airbag B2 and B4 initial value for seat_airbag [0] is Seat 2 has two airbag B5 and B7 initial value for seat_airbag [1] is Seat 3 has two airbag B6 and B8 initial value for seat_airbag [2] is Memory cells seat_airbag initialization Figure (4) Page 6 of 18
7 Each memory cell is corresponding to one sensor (9 memory cells array) S1 can active airbag B1, B2 initial value for seat_airbag [0] is S2 can active airbag B1 initial value for seat_airbag [1] is S3 can active airbag B2 initial value for seat_airbag [2] is S4 can active airbag B1, B3 initial value for seat_airbag [3] is S5 can active airbag B2, B4 initial value for seat_airbag [4] is S6 can active airbag B5, B7 initial value for seat_airbag [5] is S7 can active airbag B6, B8 initial value for seat_airbag [6] is S8 can active airbag B7, B8 initial value for seat airbag [7] is S9 can active airbag B7, B8 initial value for seat airbag [8] is Memory cells next_active_airbag initialization Figure (5) Each memory cell is corresponding to one airbag (8 memory cells array) Airbag B1 is adjacent to B2 and B3 initial value for next_active_airbag [0] is Airbag B2 is adjacent to B1 and B4 initial value for next_active_airbag [1] is Airbag B3 is adjacent to B1, B4 and B5 initial value for next_active_airbag [2] is Page 7 of 18
8 Airbag B4 is adjacent to B2, B3 and B6 initial value for next_active_airbag [3] is Airbag B5 is adjacent to B3, B6 and B7 initial value for next_active_airbag [4] is Airbag B6 is adjacent to B4, B5 and B8 initial value for next_active_airbag [5] is Airbag B7 is adjacent to B1, B4 and B5 initial value for next_active_airbag [6] is Airbag B8 is adjacent to B1, B4 and B5 initial value for next_active_airbag [7] is Sensor-airbag Control and Seat-airbag Control Blocking Figure (6) Register sensor_active_airbag stores the active airbag with only considering the impact sensor state and do not consider the weight sensor state. The system will check each impact sensor sequentially. Once the system detects that one impact sensor is triggered, then it will use OR logic to store its corresponding airbags into the register sensor_active_airbag. Register seat_active_airbag stores the active airbag with only considering the seat sensor state and do not consider the impact sensor state. The system will check each weight sensor sequentially. Once the system detects that one weight sensor is triggered, then it will use OR logic to store its corresponding airbags into the register seat_active_airbag. Page 8 of 18
9 Once sensor is triggered, it will cause a positive triggered for 200Hz clock. Checking Airbag state Block Figure (7) For the final result, we need to consider both impact sensors and weight sensors. So, we need to use AND gate to include both two conditions and store it to the register airbag for the output of the system. Next, the system needs to determine the state of airbags at next trigger edge. The system stores the data in the register sensor_active_airbag into the temporary register check_active_airbag. Then the system will check the state of current airbag sequentially. Once the system detects an airbag is in the open state, it will use OR gate to store its directly adjacent airbags (in the open state) into register sensor_active_airbag. Clock generator block Figure (8) Page 9 of 18
10 In the test-bench of the system, it gives a clock with 2MHz which is much faster than the clock (200Hz) we need. So it needs to design a clock divider to generate the 200Hz clock from 2MHz. In addition, we use the clock_triiger register to enable the generated 200Hz clock in order to control the starting point of counting time. The benefit is that the airbags can open immediate once the impact sensors are triggered. Test bench and Simulation Result Test bench Since there are many possible combinations for the triggered impact sensors, we just choose several combinations to do test bench and simulation randomly. The following is the test-bench for sensor S1 and S7 are triggered for both seat 1 has passenger and no passenger condition. Figure (9) Page 10 of 18
11 Simulation Result Case 1: S5 is triggered If all three seats have passengers S5 Table (1) If there is no passenger in the seat 1 Figure (10) 5 not open 5 not open Table (2) S5 Figure (11) Page 11 of 18
12 Case 2: S1 and S7 are triggered If all three seats have passengers S Table (3) S7 If there is no passenger in the Seat 2 Figure (12) S Not open 0 Not open 0 Table (4) S7 Figure (13) Page 12 of 18
13 Case 3: S3 is triggered If all three seats have passengers S3 Table (5) Figure (14) If there is no passenger in the seat not open 20 not open Table (6) S3 Figure (15) Page 13 of 18
14 Schematic and Layout Verilog Synthesis with RTL Compiler Figure (16) Import Schematic to Cadence Virtuoso after Synthesis Figure (17) Page 14 of 18
15 powerplanning Placement Figure (18) Figure (19) Page 15 of 18
16 Routing Filler cells Figure (20) Figure (21) Page 16 of 18
17 Layout GDS import layout form Encounter to Virtuoso DRC result Figure (21) Figure (22) Page 17 of 18
18 Conclusion Our design satisfied all the function required. Our Verilog code passes the test. All the simulation Results are identical as the theoretical results. The layout has passed the DRC. Page 18 of 18
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